杉达学院515名大学生HPV疫苗相关知识知晓程度及影响因素调查分析

张蓉蓉 李笑丹 吴国莉 徐燕

摘 要 目的：了解上海杉达学院部分大学生人乳头瘤病毒疫苗相关知识知晓程度及其影响因素。方法：于2019年3月采取便利抽样方法抽取上海杉达学院国际医学技术学院和外语学院2018级在校大一学生为研究对象进行问卷调查，共发放问卷536份，回收有效问卷515份，问卷有效回收率96.1%。结果：杉达学院515名大学生中，听说过宫颈癌的学生比例（88.7%）高于听说过人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的学生比例（49.1%）。杉达学院515名大学生人乳头瘤病毒疫苗相关知识平均得分为（7.16±1.64）分，“人乳头瘤病毒疫苗接种是宫颈癌的哪一级预防措施”“人乳頭瘤病毒感染的后果包括宫颈癌、阴道癌和阴茎癌等”这两题的答题准确率方面，医学专业和非医学专业学生的差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。是否为女性、是否听说过宫颈癌、是否担心自己/女性亲友有罹患宫颈癌的风险、是否听说过人乳头瘤病毒疫苗为杉达学院515名大学生人乳头瘤病毒疫苗相关知识知晓程度的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论：大众传媒应加强人乳头瘤病毒疫苗报道的专业性，提升大众对人乳头瘤病毒疫苗的认知度。可参考将人乳头瘤病毒疫苗纳入青少年女性免费接种计划的澳大利亚、墨西哥等国家的政策，制定适合我国国情的疫苗接种制度，从而达到降低宫颈癌发病率、保障女性健康的最终目标。

关键词 宫颈癌；人乳头瘤病毒疫苗；大学生

中图分类号：R186 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）20-0012-04

Investigation and analysis about the awareness level and influence factors of HPV vaccine among 515 undergraduate students of Sanda University

ZHANG Rongrong1， LI Xiaodan1， WU Guoli2， XU Yan1（1. Department of Nursing of School of International Medical Technology， Sanda University， Shanghai 201209， China； 2. Project HOPE， Shanghai 200127， China）

ABSTRACT Objectives： To investigate the awareness level of human papillomavirus（HPV） vaccine and its influencing factors among undergraduate students in Sanda University， Shanghai. Methods： In March 2019， the convenience sampling method was adopted to select the grade 2018 freshman students from the School of International Medical Technology and the School of Foreign Languages of Sanda University， Shanghai to conduct a questionnaire survey. A total of 536 questionnaires were distributed， 515 valid questionnaires were collected， and an effective recovery rate was 96.1%. Results： Among 515 undergraduate students of Sanda University， the proportion of students who had heard of cervical cancer（88.7%） was higher than that of students who had heard of HPV vaccine（49.1%）. The average score of HPV vaccine knowledge among 515 college students in Shanda University was （7.16±1.64）， and there was significant statistical difference between medical and non-medical students in accuracy of the answers to the following two questions： “which level of prevention was HPV vaccination for cervical cancer？” and “the consequences of HPV infection included cervical cancer， vaginal cancer and penile cancer etc”（P<0.05）. Whether they were female， whether they heard of cervical cancer， whether they were worried about the risk of cervical cancer for themselves/female relatives and friends， and whether they heard of HPV vaccine were the influencing factors of awareness of HPV vaccine related knowledge among 515 undergraduate students in Shanda University（P<0.05）. Conclusion： Mass media should strengthen the professionalism of HPV vaccine reports and enhance citizens cognition of HPV vaccine. The policies of Australia， Mexico and other countries that have included HPV vaccine in the free vaccination program for young women can be consulted to formulate a vaccination system suitable for Chinas national conditions， so as to achieve the ultimate goal of reducing the incidence rate of cervical cancer and ensuring the health of women.