Underwater expeditions 水下探险

Larry was on another of his underwater expeditions（探险） but this time， it was different. He decided to take his daughter along with him. She was only ten years old. This would be her first trip with her father on what he had always been famous for.

Larry first began diving when he was his daughters age. Similarly， his father had taken him along on one of his expeditions. Since then，he had never looked back. Larry started out by renting diving suits from the small diving shop just along the shore. He had hated them. They were either too big or too small. Then， there was the instructor. He gave him a short lesson before allowing him into the water with his father. He had made an exception. Larry would never have been able to go down without at least five hours of theory and another similar number of hours on practical lessons with a guide. Children of his age were not even allowed to dive.

After the first expedition， Larrys later diving adventures only got better and better. There was never a dull moment. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back， Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. Dangerous areas did not prevent him from continuing his search. Sometimes， he was limited to a cage underwater but that did not bother him. At least， he was still able to have photographs taken of the underwater creatures.

Larrys first expedition without his father in the Cayman Islands was very fantastic. There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined to visit all of them. Fortunately for him， a man offered to take him around the different spots for free. Larry did not even know what the time was， how many spots he dived into or how many photographs he had taken. The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.

Larry looked at his daughter hopefully. She looked as excited as he had been when he was her age. He hoped she would be able to continue the family tradition. Already， she looked like much braver than Larry had been then. This was the key to a successful underwater expedition.

Activity A   Reading for understanding

Ⅰ. Text?centered chunks

be famous for 因……著名

make an exception 例外;破格

dive from...into 從……中跳/潜入

prevent...from 防止……

be limited to 受限于

be determined to do 下定决心做

Ⅱ. Text?centered sentences

一、非谓语

1. In his black and blue suit and with an oxygen tank fastened on his back， Larry dived from boats into the middle of the ocean. （Para. 3） 身穿黑蓝色衣服，背绑氧气罐，Larry从船上跳进了海里。

【点石成金】“with an oxygen tank fastened on his back”表示“在他的背上绑着氧气罐”，这里是with的复合结构，“with sth done”作伴随状语，同时表被动关系。

【运用迁移】手被绑在背后，这个小偷被警察带了进来。

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2. At least， he was still able to have photo?graphs taken of the underwater creatures. （Para. 3）至少，他仍然能够拍摄水下生物的照片。

【点石成金】“have photographs taken”表示“拍照”，是“have+宾语+过去分词”结构，意为“使某事/某人遭受/被……”。

【运用迁移】我爸爸昨天去修理了他的手表。

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二、结果状语从句

The diving spots afforded such a wide array of fish and sea creatures that Larry saw more than thirty varieties of creatures.（Para. 4） 潜水的地方有各种各样的鱼和海洋生物，以至于Larry见到了三十多种生物。

【点石成金】该句为复合句。句中含有such...that...结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。

【运用迁移】他是一个如此懒惰的男孩，以至于经常考试不合格。

Activity B   Reading for writing

假定你是李华，你的外国网友Tom对中国的网购很感兴趣，现在请你给他写一封关于网上购物的信，发表自己的看法。内容要点：

1. 网购的优势;

2. 网购的弊端;

3. 你对网购的态度。

注意：

1. 词数80左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;

3. 至少需要使用一个非谓语或结果状语从句;

4. 注意段落内的逻辑关系。

Dear Tom，

I am Li Hua， nowadays many people in China prefer to shop online.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

写作导引

本文是一篇观点分析信。要求学生向外国网友描述网购的优势、弊端，以及自己对网购的态度等，并且需要使用非谓语或结果状语从句。这些写作要求和所给语篇的主题语境是紧密相关的。我们可以通过整合同主题阅读材料的内容和语言，梳理写作思路和积累素材。

一、语篇解码

（一）内容分析

What is the text mainly about？

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（二）宏观结构

Fill in the blanks according to the text.

（三）段内关系

Choose the best answers according to the relation in Para. 3， Para. 4 and Para. 5.

A. Contrastive（对比的）.

B. Causal（因果的）.

C. Progressive（递进的）.

D. Deductive（演绎的）.

二、素材积累

本文为基于同一主题的文章阅读下的写作，我们可以通过模仿、学习并运用阅读中的语言表达，如词块和句型，积累写作的语言素材。

（一）描述优势的核心表达

1. positive aspects 积极面

2. more advantages than disadvantages 利大于弊

3. play a positive role/part in 在……中扮演积极的角色

4. The positive aspects of shopping online far outweigh the negative ones. 网上购物的积极面远远超过消极面。

5. Its positive aspects are very apparent. 它的积极面非常明显。

6. It is obvious that the advantages are much more than the disadvantages. 很明显，优势大过弊端。

（二）描述弊端的核心表达

1. negative aspects 消极面

2. more disadvantages than advantages 弊大于利

3. play a negative role/part in 在……中扮演消极的角色

4. The negative aspects of shopping online far outweigh the positive ones. 网上购物的消极面远远超过积极面。

5. Its negative aspects are also apparent. 它的消极面也很明显。

6. It is obvious that the disadvantages are much more than the advantages. 很明显弊端大过优势。

（三）观点对比信的核心表达

1. on the contrary 相反

2. as far as I am concerned 对我而言

3. advantages and disadvantages 优势和劣势

4. can be seen as follows 如下可见

5. through the above analysis 通过以上分析

6. in conclusion 总而言之

7. As a popular saying goes， “Every coin has two sides.”正如俗话所说：“事物都有其两面性。”

8. As a proverb says， “Everything has two sides.” On the one hand/For one thing... On the other hand/For another thing... 正如諺语所说，“任何事物都有两面性。”一方面……另一方面……

三、写作支架

本次写作任务是一篇观点对比的文章，根据任务中的要求，语篇结构可定为“描述优势+描述弊端+个人看法”。文章的框架如下：

Dear               ，

I am Li Hua. I am writing to tell you something about...， which I think you will be interested in.

The positive aspects of shopping online can be seen as follows. On the one hand， it is...（优势一） On the other hand， it is...（优势二）

The negative aspects of shopping online can be seen as follows. For one thing， it is...（弊端一） For another thing， it is...（弊端二）

As far as I am concerned， I think...（个人观点）

Yours，

Li Hua

四、语篇过手

根据以上提供的主题、主题表达和语篇结构，写出书信的一、二、三、四段。第一段引出主题，第二段描述网购的优势，第三段描述网购的弊端，第四段描述个人对网购的观点。总词数控制在80左右（64～96词之间）。

同时，学习运用前文阅读材料中出现的非谓语或者结果状语从句等高级句型。尤其要注意表达的内在逻辑关系，段落内部是演绎关系、对比关系还是递进关系，需要注意使用恰当的连词。