非谓语动词作状语辨析
2021-09-10
非谓语动词是英语高考重要考点之一，而非谓语动词作状语更是重点中的难点。在平时的学习和操练中，非谓语动词的错误率是比较高的。所以，同学们在学习中要理清思路，掌握要点，善于辨析，准确判断。请看以下例题：
例1 Though he was busy， he came_____me from time to time.
A. seeing B. to see
C. seen D. see
例2 The moment he knew the news， he came_____to me.
A. running B. to run
C. ran D. run
分析例1答案為B，例2答案为A。那么，谓语动词同样是came， 为何后面所跟的非谓语动词却不同呢？原因很简单，例1中came后面所跟的非谓语动词作目的状语，故用动词不定式to see; 而例2中came后面所带的非谓语动词虽然也作状语，但表示行为方式，所以要用分词表达。
动词不定式和分词都可以在句中作状语，但意义有所区别。
动词不定式作状语时，通常表示目的或结果。表示目的时可用 in order to do， so as to do 或直接用 to do 表达;表示结果时，常用too…to do， so…as to do/so as to do， enough to do， never to do， only to do等形式。其中，so as to 既可以表目的也可以表结果，但 so as to 不能用于句首。而分词作状语时则用来表示时间、原因、条件、让步、行为方式或伴随情况等。根据这一基本规则，我们就不难理解本文开头两道例题的解答了，语境不同，谓语动词 come 之后的表达方式也就不同。
反馈演练
1. ________ good care of， these trees could have grown better.
A. Taken B. To take
C. Taking D. Take
2. Tom pretended to know nothing about the accident________ his job.
A. so not as to lose B. not losing
C. not lost D. not lose
3. ________ in passing the exam， one needs to be diligent.
A. In order to succeed B. So as to succeed
C. Succeeding D. Succeeded
4. He made a long speech ________ his ignorance of the subject.
A. only to show B. only showing
C. showing D. enough to show
5. Sarah appeared happy， ________ nothing about the argument.
A. say B. said
C. to say D. saying
6. I had wanted to turn to Tom. Then， ________ that he could do nothing to help， I changed my mind.
A. to realize B. realized
C. realizing D. realize
7. ________ into English， the book becomes popular and sells well in different countries.
A. Translating B. Translated
C. To translate D. To be translated
8. ________ to bed a bit earlier， you will wake up every morning ________ energetic and ready to start a new day.
A. Going; feel B. Go; to feel
C. Going; feeling D. To go; felt
9. ________ for too many mistakes in his composition， John was very disappointed.
A. To blame B. Blamed
C. Blaming D. To be blamed
10. Would you please be kind enough ________ me a favour？
A. help B. helping
C. helped D. to help
