选修8第4单元重点单词

周旋

1. classify [?kl?sIfaI] v.

? vt. 分类;归类

Scientists have discovered a new type of butterfly which has not yet been classified. 科学家发现了一个新品种蝴蝶，它还没有被归类。

? vt. 划分;界定

classify sb. / sth. as sth.

Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major. 这些事故中只有十一例被判定为重大事故。

派生词 classification n.

? [U] 分类;归类;分级

For the convenience of our classification， any over eighteen years old counts as an adult. 为了我们分类的方便，凡年满18岁者均算成年人。

? [C] 类别;等级;门类

Its tariffs cater for four basic classifications of customer. 它的价目表适合4个基本类别的顾客。

易混辨析classify， catalogue与systematize

这些动词均有“分类”之义。classify指将事物按照共有的特征进行分类;catalogue指把商品、书籍等编成目录;systematize指将论据、数字、想法等系统化、条理化。

【考题链接】 The books in the library          by subject.

答案：are classified

2. remark [rI?mɑ?k]

? [C] 谈论;言论;评述

He made a number of rude remarks about the food. 关于这里的食物他说了许多无礼的评论。

? vt. 谈到;评论

The similarities between the two have often been remarked on. 人们经常谈到两者的相似之处。

? vi. 评论;谈论

The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition. 评委们说明了参赛作品的高水准。

易混辨析remark， comment， note与observe

这些动词均有“口头或书面说明事实或发表意见”之义。remark 指说起、谈论、评论;comment指发表意见或说明事实;note指特别提到或指出;observe指说起、谈论、评论。

【考题链接】 All his friends          on the change in him since his marriage.

答案：remarked

3. condemn [k?n?dem] v.

? vt. 谴责;指责

The editor of the newspaper was condemned as lacking integrity. 这家报纸的主编被指责不够正直。

? vt. 宣判;判处（某人某種刑罚）

He was condemned to death for murder and later hanged. 他因谋杀罪被判处死刑后被绞死。

易混辨析condemn， blame， admonish， berate， censure， rebuke与 reproach

这些动词均有“指责;责怪”之义。condemn尤指从道义上对某人或某事予以谴责;blame是普通用词，表示把过错或坏事归咎于某人或某事;admonish通常指对某人所做的错事当面给予批评、警告等;berate指因某人的过错而气愤地训斥、责备某人;censure侧重指公开、不留情面地批评或指责;rebuke指对某人的过错给予尖锐的斥责，含刻薄或愤怒之意;reproach指失望、不满或愤恨地指责某人，但这种指责有时可能失于公正。

【考题链接】 Some praise him， whereas others          him.

答案：condemn

4. compromise [?k?mpr?maIz]

? [U， C] 妥协;折中;互让;和解

Compromise is an inevitable part of life. 妥协是生活不可避免的一部分。

After lengthy talks the two sides finally reached a compromise. 经过长期的商谈双方终于达成了妥协。

? vi. 妥协，折中，让步

Neither side is prepared to compromise. 双方都不愿意妥协。

易混辨析compromise， concession与give-and-take

这些名词均有“妥协;让步”之义。compromise指有关各方或人员均作出让步以达成的折中协议，也指妥协的行为;concession指为结束争执、分歧等而对他方作出的退让;give-and-take指为满足彼此的意愿、要求等而互相作出的让步。

【考题链接】 They were unwilling to          with the military.

答案：compromise

5. overlook [???v??l?k] v.

? vt. 忽略;未注意到

He seems to have overlooked one important fact. 他好像忽略了一个重要的事实。

? vt. （对不良现象等）不予理会，视而不见

We could not afford to overlook such a serious offence. 对于这样严重的违法行为，我们决不能视若无睹。

? vt. 俯视;眺望

Our back yard is overlooked by several houses. 好几栋房子都看得见我家的后院。

【考题链接】 They totally          the study of the subject.

答案：overlooked

6. fade [feId]

? vi. & vt. （使）褪色;（使）变淡，变暗

The curtains had faded in the sun. 窗帘已经给晒褪了色。

The sun had faded the curtains. 太阳把窗帘晒褪了色。

? vi. 逐渐消逝;逐渐消失

Her smile faded. 她的笑容逐渐消失。

fade away 逐渐消逝

The laughter faded away. 笑声逐渐消逝。

? （运动员、运动队、演员等）走下坡路，衰退，衰落

Black faded on the final bend. 布莱克在最后一个弯道处速度慢了下来。

易混辨析fade， blanch， bleach， discolor与 whiten

这些动词均有“颜色变淡、变浅”之义。fade指（使）某物失去颜色和光泽;blanch指（使）某人因害怕或震惊而变得面色苍白或（使）某物变白;bleach 指通过日照或使用化学品使某物颜色变淡或变白;discolor指（使）某物变色，通常变得比以前难看;whiten指（使）某人的脸色或某物变白或在原来的基础上变得更白。

【考题链接】 Outside， the light was          rapidly

答案：fading

7. adaptation [??d?p?teI?n]

? [C] 改编本;改写本

Do you think the film adaptation was faithful to the book？ 你认为这部改编的电影剧本忠于原著吗？

? [U] 适应

This process is known as adaptation. 这个过程即所谓适应。

派生词 adapt

? vt. （使）适应

All animals have to adapt to their environment. 所有的动物都必须适应它的环境。

adapt （oneself） to （doing） sth.

I gradually adapted myself to living on my own. 我逐渐适应了独立生活。

? vt. 改编;改写

Below is a page adapted from an English dictionary. 下面一页改编自英语词典。

【考题链接】 The world will be different， and we will have to be prepared to          to the change

答案：adapt

8. hesitate [?hezIteIt] v.

? vi. 犹豫;踌躇

He hesitated before he replied. 回答前，他犹豫了一下。

hesitate about / over

Don't hesitate about that. Do it at once. 不要犹豫了，马上就办。

She hesitated over the choice between the two dresses. 她对到底选择这两件衣服中的哪一件犹豫不决。

? vi. 顾虑;疑虑

If you need any help， dont hesitate to call us. 如果你有任何顾虑，随时电话联系我们。

派生词 hesitation [U] 犹豫;踌躇

I accepted the job without hesitation. 我毫不犹豫地接受了这份工作。

【考题链接】 I will not          to take unpopular decisions.

答案：hesitate

10. disapprove [?dIs??pru?v]

? vt. & vi. 不赞成;不同意;反对;谴责

I am sorry I must disapprove your action. 很抱歉，我必须指责你的行动。

disapprove （of） 不赞成

She wants to train for the theater， but her parents disapprove of her intentions. 她想做戏剧演员，但是她的父母不赞成她的意图。

派生词 ? disapproval [U] 不赞成

He shook his head in disapproval. 他摇了摇头，表示反对。

? disapprovingly adv. 不以为然地

When Mary lit a cigarette， her father looked at her disapprovingly.

【考题链接】 She showed strong          for what they had done.

答案：disapproval