Tips on How to Study Smarter,Not Longer如何更聪明地学习而不花更长时间(—)

Kathiann Kowalski

景一编译

Having good study skills is always helpful. But many students never learned those skills.

The good news is： Science can help. For more than 100 years， psychologistst l have doneresearch on which study habits work best. Some tips help for almost every subject. Here aresome tips to tweak 2 your study habits.

有良好的学习技能总是有帮助的。然而，许多学生从未学过这些技能。

好消息是：科学可以帮助你。一百多年来，心理学家们一直在研究哪些学习习惯最有效。有些诀窍几乎对每门学科都有帮助。以下是一些调整你学习习惯的建议。

Space out your studying.

It's a good idea to study the day before atest. But the research shows it's a bad idea tocram 3 all your studying into that day.

Allow time between study sessions 4. andsome of the material may drip out of yourmemory. But then you'll be able to relearn it andlearn more in your next study session. And you'llremember it better. next time.

分段学习。

在考试前一天学习是个好主意。但研究表明，把所有学习内容都塞到那一天死记硬背是个糟糕的主意。

在学习时段之间留出时间，有些内容可能会从你的记忆中消失。但这样你就可以在下一次的学习时段中重新学习并学到更多。下次你会记得更清楚。

Practice， practice， practice ！

Musicians practice their instrumenls. Athletespractice sports skills. The same should go forlearning.

In a study done a few years earlier， collegestudents read material and then took recall tests.Some took just one test. Others took several testswith short breaks of several minutes in between. Thesecond group recalled the material better a weeklater.

練习，练习，再练习！

音乐家要练习他们的乐器。运动员要练习运动技能。学习也应该如此。

几年前的一项研究中，大学生在阅读材料后，进行了回忆测试。有些人只做了一次测试。其他人做了几次测试，中间休息了几分钟。一周后第二组更好地回忆起了材料。

Don' t just reread books and notes.

Studying by reading textbooks， worksheetsand notebooks is one of the most common badstudy skills that students have.

Too often. when students reread material.it's superfcia1 5. Rereading is like looking atthe answer to a puzzle， rather than doing ityourself. It looks like it makes sense. But untilyou try it yourself， you don't really know if youunderstand it.

不要只是重读书本和笔记。

通过阅读教科书、练习册和笔记本来学习，这是学生最常见的不良学习方法之一。

当学生重读材料时，往往是表层学习。重读就像是看一个谜题的答案，而不是自己解谜。那样看上去很有意义，但除非你自己尝试，否则你不知道你是否理解了它。

ATest yourself.

It 's one of the best ways you can study.

Create a deck of flash cards every time youlearn new information. Put questions on oneside and the answers on the other side. Friendscan even quiz each other on the phone.

自我测试。

这是最好的学习方式之一。

每次学习新的内容时，都要制作抽认卡。把问题写在卡的一面，答案写在另一面。朋友们甚至可以在电话里互相提问。

Mistakes are okay as long as you learn

from them.

checking the answers can make your studytime more efficient. You can then focus onwhere you need the most help.

In fact， making mistakes can be a goodthing. Mistakes are actually a primary 6 key tolearning.

只要你能从中汲取教训，犯错误也没关系。

检查答案可以让你的学习时间更有效率。然后你就可以专注于你最需要补救的地方。

事实上，犯错误可能是一件好事。错误实际上是学习的关键。

（英语原文选自：smenceneWsforstudents.org）

[Notes]

1.psychologist [sa??k?l?d??st] n.心理学家

2.tweak [twi?k] v.扭;稍稍改进

3.cram [kr?m] v.突击准备，死记硬背

4.session [?se??n] n.会期;一场（活动）

5.superficial[?su?p??f???l] adj.表面的;肤浅的

6.primary [?pra?m?r?] adj.主要的;基本的