PBL模式促进小学高年级学生英语核心素养的策略
2021-08-30管秀玲
管秀玲
问题导向学习(Problem-Based Learning),把学习设置在真实存在并且负责的问题情境当中,学生通过小组合作和自主探究等形式解决实际问题,学习隐藏在问题背后的基础知识。PBL教学模式的教学流程大体包括六个环节:组织小组;设计问题;(呈现)遭遇问题;自我指导学习;尝试利用新知识循环往复解决问题;学习过程中的总结、反思和评价。(支永碧)随着评价方式和教学活动的多元化,笔者在此基础上对该模式进行重新设计,如右图。
一、联系生活实际再构文本,提升语言运用能力
五年级下册Unit 3“Now and Future”,主题是一个男孩子对自己未来的计划。在课堂上,我引导学生:Why the boy changes so much in the future? 学生对于这种开放性的问题很有兴趣。经过一番探讨,他们联系自己的生活经验,用Jigsaw的方式,全班拼接了一个新的故事,真实、条理清晰、逻辑性强,也很感人。
I am Bob. I am a primary school student. I am an average student in my class. Im good at Math, but I am weak in English. There are many things I dont like in my school.
For example, I dont like to learn the English words by heart. I think it is boring for me. I dont like to get up early, so I have no time for my breakfast, so I am often late for school.
I dont like sports, so get tired easily. But I like watching TV. I can sit on the sofa all day and keep watching TV. What I want most is to kill time.
Everything changed since my mom was badly sick and sent to the hospital. She was in a lot of pain. I felt so bad seeing that. From then on, I want to be a doctor in the future. I want to help the sick people.
Maybe I can never be a top student in my class, but I can try to be the best of myself!
二、針对有争议性的话题进行批判性思维能力训练
六年级上册Unit 5“Animals in Danger”的Read a story部分,关于是否要将养育多年的狮子重新送回野外,我们组织了一场辩论会。学生课前非常积极地查阅资料和准备,辩论会空前热烈。
正方观点认为:I agree to send Elsa back to the wild, because:
1. It took a lot of money and food for Joy to raise an adult lion.
2. The lion is a wild animal, not a cat. It belongs to the wild.
3. Free the lion, or else it will not be happy.
4. Now Elsa is young, it can learn how to survive in the wild. Once it depends so much on Joy, one day when Joy passes away, what should Elsa do? ...
反方觀点认为:I dont agree to send Elsa back to the wild, because:
1. After a long time staying with Joy, Elsa cannot get used to the life in the wild.
2. If you suddenly drive the lion away, it may die quickly.
3. If you have not much money,why not send the lion to the zoo? The zookeepers there will take good care of the lion.
4. You adopted the lion when it was a baby. It is a member of your family. How can you send your family member away? ...
三、创编课本剧,进行文化品格渗透
小学高年级的学生,如果仅仅背诵并演绎课本故事,兴趣不高。相对于简单地重复课本知识,他们更愿意创编自己的课本剧。六年级下册Unit 2 “The happy farmer and his wife”,学生觉得仙女的态度居高临下,而农民夫妇的拒绝简单粗暴,不够有礼貌,他们决定利用周末编写课本剧。最终定稿如下:
Fairy: I am Luck Fairy. I bring happiness and good luck to people. Fred, you are a good and hard-working farmer. I would like to give you three wishes.
Fred and Doris: Thank you very much. Well remember your kindness. But we dont need any wishes. Although we are old, we work in the field every day happily.
Fairy: Hmm... You dont need earn much. I can give you some gold coins. They can make you rich.
Doris: Though we are poor, we live happily.
Fairy: Let me see. Your hut is old and small. I can give you a big and new house. I think you may need it.
Fred: Although our hut is old and small, it is still comfortable.
Fairy: How about some beautiful clothes? Your clothes are out of style.
Dories: Although our clothes are old, they are still beautiful in my heart. They keep us warm in the winter.
Fairy: You are not greedy. I hope that you will stay healthy forever.(Then she disappeared.)
四、布置創新型项目作业,提升学生学习能力
如今三亚是旅游热土,教授五年级下册 Unit 6“Welcome to Sanya!”我让学生为三亚代言,吸引更多的游客到三亚来。这就需要他们结合实际情况,提升这个海报的内容。学生以五人为一小组,利用不同季节不同风景,进行代言。
Student 1:Sanya is a coastal tourist city on Hainan Island of South China. Sanya is a paradise where you can enjoy everything that is in harmony with coconut trees and blue seas, native customs, bright sunshine, and sandy beaches. No wonder people call it“Oriental Hawaii”.
The four seasons in Sanya are all charming.
Student 2: Spring is the best season of the year. The weather gets warmer and it is the best season for the children to fly kites. There is a big butterfly park in Sanya too. You will see many beautiful butterflies there.
Student 3: Summer is full of vitality. People like to swim in the sea. You can visit The Sea World. We can often see thousands of birds flying in the blue sky. There are different kinds of fish jumping in the clear sea. You will love the fish and the sea plants there.
Student 4: Autumn is a busy season. It is time for the fall harvest. People are busy gathering the crops in the fields.
Student 5: Winter is the last season, but it is as warm as spring. Sometimes it is only windy. You can still see many beautiful flowers, singing birds, and dancing butterflies in the garden.
(Together):We believe you will love Sanya if you come here!
责任编辑 魏文琦