情景交际

◎供稿：高 洁

命题趋势

倒装句是英语中常见的句式。对于倒装句，主要考查学生在特定的结构中正确使用部分倒装和完全倒装，以及“so+助动词/情态动/系动词+主语”的用法。

中考考查重点

倒装句的构成和用法。

考向一：部分倒装

一般疑问句中，将助动词放到主语之前，构成部分倒装。Do you like eating apples?你喜欢吃苹果吗？特殊疑问句中，疑问词作宾语、表语或状语时，需要将其置于句首，将助动词置于主语前构成部分倒装。Where have you been these days?这些天你到哪里去了？“only+状语/状语从句”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Only in this way you can improve your grade.只有用这种方法你才能提高自己的成绩。表示否定意义的词或短语，如little，hardly，never，in no case，seldom 等，放在句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Hardly a day goes by without a visit from someone. 快一天了都没有来访者。虚拟条件句中，从句谓语部分中有were, had或should可省略if,把were，had或should提到主语前。Should we succeed, we would be rich. 我们一旦成功就发财了。“so... that...” 句 型 中，“so+adj. /adv.”位于句首时。So fast did he run that we couldnt catch up with him. 他跑得如此快，以至于我们赶不上他。表示“也(不) ……”的句式，即“so/neither/nor+助动词/情态动词/be+主语”形式。I don’t like it; neither do I care it. 我不喜欢它，也不在意它。某些含有否定含义的词位于句首时，如 not only…but also，hardly…when，no…sooner…than，not…until等， 主 句用部分倒装。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来，学生们才停止讲话。may表示祝愿时用部分倒装。 May you have a good time! 祝你玩得愉快！images/BZ_57_330_1249_1868_1337.png

【易错警示】

1.特殊疑问句中，如果疑问词作主语或修饰主语时，则不用倒装。

Who knows the answer to this question?谁知道这个问题的答案？

2. “so+主语+谓语”结构不用倒装。

—Jimmy is good at playing football. 吉米足球踢得很好。

—So he is. 的确。

典型

1.—Kunming is really a comfortable city to live in.

—________________. The weather is pleasant.

A. So it is B. So is it C. So it does D. So does it

【答案】A

【解析】句意：昆明真是个非常舒服的居住城市。答语表示“昆明的确如此”，要用“so+主语+谓语”结构，即so it is。

考向二：完全倒装

images/BZ_58_338_1743_1894_1822.png表示方位、地点、时间、次序的词，如in, out, up, there, then, here, first等放在句首，若主语是名词而不是代词时，句子用完全倒装。Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。Here he comes. 他来了。分词短语置于句首时，句子用完全倒装。Lying on the couch is an old lady.躺在睡椅上的是一位老太太。There be句型是完全倒装的一种。There are a number of teachers and students in the school. 在这所学校有很多老师和学生。作表语的such位于句首时，句子用完全倒装。Such are the most powerful voices of our times!这些就是我们时代的最强音!

【巧学助记】

全部倒装并不难，需要记住这几点；位置副词there句首，表语such提句前，介词短语表地点，全部倒装谓在前。

典型

1.—I have read the bookSense and Sensibility.

— ________________.

A. So have I B. Neither have I C. So I have D. Neither I have

【答案】A

2. —I’m not going swimming this afternoon.

—________________. I have to help my mother do some cleaning.

A. So am I B. So I am C. Neither am I D. Neither I am

【答案】C

【解析】由答语后半句可知，此处表示“我也不去”，故要用“neither + be+主语”结构，故选C。

【辨析】so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语和neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语的区别

so＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语，依附于肯定句，表示前边的肯定情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为“……也……”。

neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语，依附于否定句，表示前边的否定情况也适合后边的人(物)，意为“……也不……”。

(2)金门花岗闪长岩与钦杭成矿带中侏罗世与斑岩-矽卡岩-热液脉状铜金多金属矿床有关的钙碱性花岗闪长岩类可能具有相同的成岩成矿背景，加强其与区内成矿关系的研究，对指导区内下一步找矿具有重要意义。

Tom watched TV last night, so did Ann.汤姆昨晚看电视了，安也看了。

Mary didn’t watch TV last night, neither did Jim.玛丽昨晚没有看电视，吉姆也没看。

【注意】若对前面所说的事实加以肯定时，应用“so＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词”。此时，前后两个句子的主语为同一个人或物。

这两种结构常用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意思是“某人（物）也（不）是这样”。这种结构中的“助动词/be动词/情态动词”在形式上与前句的谓语保持一致，而其单复数形式则由后句的主语决定。

方法技巧

倒装句速记口诀

副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。

only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。

否定意义副连词，“既不……也不”须倒装。

表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。

such代词作表语，引起主谓要倒装。

Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。

had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。

★练习★

1. Only yesterday _________ find out that his purse was lost.

A. he was B. was he C. did he D. he did

2. There _________ six countries in SCO(上合组织)at first, but now the number has increased to eight.

A. is B. are C. were D. will be

3. —Lucy is quite a lovely girl.

—_________.

A. So is she B. So she is C. So does she D. So she does

4. I _________ you can finish the exam in two hours.

A. does believe B. do believe C. did believed D.do believed

5. —Peter shut his mouth at the meeting all the time. How about Tom?

—_________.

A. He does so B. He did so C. So does he D. So did he

6. —I haven’t seen the filmPirates of the Caribbean: On stranger Tides.

—_________.

A. Neither have I B. So have I C. Neither I have D. So I have

7. —I have changed my job.

—_________.

A. So do I B. So have I C. So I do D. So I have

8.—I don’t like horror films. They’re terrible.

—_________

A. Either I do. B. Neither I do. C. Either do I. D. Neither do I.

9. _________ is important for all of us _________ English loudly in the morning.

A. It; to read B. That; to read C. It; reading D.That; reading

10. Great changes have taken place since then in the primary school_________I am studying.

A. where B. that C. which D. there