阅读理解题之推理判断

康传桂

在解答阅读理解题中的推理判断题时要切忌不能脱离原文只凭自己的意愿或凭常识推理，答案一定要在文中找到依据或理由。

首先请看下文：

Some people like to fish. Some like to build things. Other people like to paint. Comonwealth liked to grow things. He was happy when he was with flowers and plants. He liked farming. He is good at farming.

Thanks to Comonwealth， farmers of the south grow good crops. Once Southern farmers only planted cotton. But Comonwealth told them， “Plant peanuts. They will make your land rich. Your other crops will grow better.” The farmers listened to him. They planted peanuts. Then they came to him again. Where could they sell so many peanuts？

Once again， Comonwealth helped them sell their peanuts. He found hundreds of ways for using peanuts. Some things that could be made from peanuts were butter and candy. Soap， oil， paint， ink， and many other things would be made from peanuts， too.

Today， his work is known all over the world.

From the passage， we know ___.

A. Comonwealth was a good farmer

B. Comonwealth was a successful businessman

C. Comonwealth was a great scientist

解题思路：

1. 同学们在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，在进行推理时，一定要仔细阅读短文，千万不可脱离原文而仅凭自己的看法主观臆断。本篇文章讲述了Comonwealth喜欢务农，给南部农民提供了种植建议，花生加工建议等。

2. 对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析。

3. 在解答推理性问题时，应清楚所要解答的问题是针对某个细节进行推断，还是针对主题思想、作者的意图进行推断。本题的前两个选项都可以在文章中找到相对应的细节支持：A—He liked farming. He is good at farming. B—...Comonwealth helped them sell their peanuts. 但本题的问题是针对文章整体的提问，所以A和B并不符合题意，从整体上来看文章所讲的是Comonwealth是一个农业科学家，研究的是土壤更适合种哪种作物，以及花生的深加工。

如果是针对细节的推断可运用跳读的方法，迅速在阅读材料中确定推理依据的位置或范围，然后再进行推理判断。

解答推理判断题的其它几个注意事项：

1. 抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理

做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，进行逆向思维或正向推理，从而推理出这句话所隐含的深层含义。

2. 整合全文（段）信息进行推断

做推理题时，有时需要在弄懂全文意思的基础上，整合与题目相关的有用信息，综合起来去推理判断，确定最佳结论。

3. 利用语境的褒贬性进行信息推断

几乎每篇文章的语境都有一定褒贬性，这种褒贬性反映了主人公的心理和情绪状态及作者的写作意图，因此利用好文章的语境褒贬性就能在把握主旨大意的基礎上对文章进行准确的逻辑判断。

4. 根据文章的结论推断作者的态度