条理清晰抓重点勤练“状从”善归纳

李梅

状语从句是英语五大名词性从句中的一种。状语从句类型多、意义覆盖范围广、掌握难度大，所以，同学们学习状语从句要做到条理清晰、会抓重点、勤于练习、善于归纳，绝对不能急于求成。本文着重学习以下几种状语从句。

一、条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有if， unless， so （as） long as， so （as） far as等。

If it is fine tomorrow， well go to the park. 如果明天天气好，我们就去公园。

Well be late unless we hurry up. 除非快点儿，否则我们会迟到的。

unless引导条件状语从句时，意为“如果不;除非”，相当于if... not，在许多情况下二者可以互换。

Well go to the town unless it rains tomorrow. 假如明天不下雨，我们就去城里。

=Well go to the town if it doesnt rain tomorrow.

注意：unless和if引导条件状语从句时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，而主句则用一般将来时，即遵循“主将从现”原则。

Unless we talk to someone， we will certainly feel worse. 除非我们找人谈谈，不然我们肯定会感觉更糟。

二、时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连词有when， while， before， after， until， as soon as， since等。

I was doing my homework when the telephone rang. 电话铃响的时候，我正在写作业。

as soon as引导时间状语从句时，意为“一……就……”，表示主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。

The students became quiet as soon as the teacher came in. 老師一进来，学生们就安静下来了。

注意：在条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，都可遵循“主将从现”原则。

Ill call you as soon as I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。

Ill tell you the story when you come here tomorrow. 明天你来这儿时，我会告诉你这个故事。

三、结果状语从句

引导结果状语从句的连词有so... that...， such... that...等。so... that...和 such... that...的意思均为“如此……以至于……”。so后接形容词或副词，such后接名词或名词性短语，that后接从句。

I was so tired that I couldnt go any further. 我累得走不动了。

Tom is such a clever boy that everyone likes him. 汤姆如此聪明，大家都喜欢他。

so... that...引导结果状语从句时，意为“如此……以至于……”，其中so后接形容词或副词，也可用few， little， many， much等来修饰名词表示程度，that后的从句表示结果。

He was so happy that he forgot the time. 他太高兴了，以至于忘了时间。

四、原因状语从句

原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词有because， since， as， now that（既然）等。for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。

I didnt go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学，因为我生病了。

Since everybody is here， lets begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了，让我们开始开会吧。

As you are in poor health， you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好，你就不该熬夜。

I asked her to stay for tea， for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶，因为我有事要告诉她。

五、比较状语从句

比较状语从句主要运用于形容词和副词的原级、比较级及最高级的句子之中。

She is not so / as outgoing as her sister. 她不如她姐姐外向。

This book is more instructive than that one. 这本书比那本书有教育意义。

This book is the most interesting of the three. 这本书是三本中最有趣的。

六、方式状语从句

方式状语从句常由as， as if / though， the way， rather than等引导。

You must do the exercise as I show you. 你必须按我教你的那样做练习。

He acted as if nothing had happened. 他装作什么也没发生过似的。

【随堂演练】

一、单项选择。

1. She stopped talking ____ her mother came into the room.

A. as soon as      B. unless      C. though D. for

2. —Excuse me， can you tell me the way to the nearest underground station？

—Walk straight on ____ you see a white building. Its right there.

A. though      B. since      C. until      D. if

3. —Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.

—Dont mention it. ____ you have more questions， come to me any time.

A. If      B. Because    C. Though    D. And

4. Tony was drawing a picture ____ I was doing my homework.

A. if      B. because      C. while    D. until

5. The manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate ____ the guests arrived.

A. while        B. when  C. unless        D. after

二、用適当的连词完成状语从句。

1. The tea is ____ hot ____ I cant drink it now.

2. The baby girl stopped crying ____ she saw her mother.

3. My teacher goes to work on time ____ he is ill.

4. Sam did ____ go back home ____ it was ten oclock last night.

5. We had to stay at home ____ it rained hard outside.