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“过进”有难点破解有妙招

2021-08-13郑亚

考试与评价·八年级版 2021年3期
关键词:延续性电脑游戏否定句

郑亚

过去进行时态是我们英语考试中经常考到的一个重要时态。对动词的延续性与非延续性,以及从属连词when与while的选择,都是比较困难的要点。要破解这些难点,请同学们从以下四招着手。

一、过去进行时的意义

过去进行时是表示在过去某一具体时刻正在进行着的动作,强调某一动作在过去某时正在进行。

Mr. Green was washing his car at nine oclock yesterday morning. 昨天早上九点格林先生在洗他的小汽车。

I was washing my clothes at eight last night. 昨晚八点我正在洗我的衣服。

I was cooking from five to six last night. 昨晚5点到6点我在做饭。

I was reading books all day yesterday. 昨天一整天我都在图书馆读书。

二、过去进行时的构成

过去进行时的谓语部分由“was / were+现在分词”构成,was / were作助动词。过去进行时的肯定句变为一般疑问句时,将was / were提到句首;变否定句时在was / were后加上not,可以缩写为wasnt / werent。

The alien was visiting the museum at that moment. 当时外星人正在参观博物馆。

Was the alien visiting the museum at that moment? (一般疑问句)

Yes, he was. / No, he wasnt. (肯定和否定回答)

The alien wasnt visiting the museum at that moment. (否定句)

What was the alien doing at that moment?(特殊疑问句)

三、过去进行时的判断

1. 一般句中用到表示具体动作且为可延续性的动词,同时句中用到表示在过去某一具体范围的时间状语,如at ten oclock last night, at this time yesterday, at that time, from 7 to 9 last Sunday morning等时,用过去进行时。

The young pioneers were planting trees on a hill at six oclock yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午六点,那些少先队员在山上植树。

I was staying here from July to September last year. 去年从七月到九月,我一直待在这里。

2. 在叙述过去差不多同时发生的两个动作,用到从属连词when或while时,如果一个动作是可延续性的表具体动作的动词,而另一个动作是不可延续性的动词时,一般可延续的动词用过去进行时,而不可延续的动词用一般过去时。

While the child was playing basketball on the road, a car hit him. 當那个孩子在路上打篮球时,一辆小汽车撞了他。

请比较:

① When the thief came in, I was sleeping.

② The thief came in when I was sleeping.

③ While I was sleeping, the thief came in.

从以上三个句子中我们可以发现:when 后可跟延续性动词,也可跟非延续性动词;while之后只可跟延续性动词。

请再比较:

① The thief was carrying the TV out while I was sleeping.

② While the thief was carrying the TV out, I was sleeping.

从这两个句子中我们可以看出while的前后都是延续性动词。

为了让同学们便于记忆,请熟记下面的口诀:

when 后可长亦可短,while之后只可长。

若是两个都为长,while来把纽带当。

四、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别

过去进行时强调某一动作是在过去某时正在进行,一般用到的动词是表示具体行动,动作是可延续的,同时用到的时间状语表示的范围要小且具体。而一般过去时对谓语动词没有限制,用到的时间状语范围不受限制,着重表示在过去做过,基本上是一个结束了的动作。

Mr. Green was mending his daughters bike this morning. 今天早上格林先生在修他女儿的自行车。(强调动作正在进行)

Mr. Green mended his daughters bike this morning. 今天早上格林先生修了他女儿的自行车。(表明动作做过,并结束了)

【牛刀小试】

一、用括号中所给单词的正确形式填空。

1. —I saw the light of your room was still on at two oclock last night.

—Oh, I ____ (watch) a football match of the Russia World Cup.

2. Sorry, Im late. I ____ (talk) with a friend and I completely forgot the time.

3. She ____ (read) an English magazine when I came in.

4. John ____ (work) so hard on his project that he didnt notice his mom enter the room.

5. —Whats the matter, Jack?

—I ____ (fall) down while I ____ (skate) on the ice. I got hurt badly.

二、根据汉语意思完成英语句子,每空一词。

1. ——琳达,我今早给你打过电话,但没人接电话。

——对不起。那时我正在和朋友们踢足球。

—Linda, I ____ you this morning, but nobody answered the phone.

—Im sorry. I ____ ____ football with my friends then.

2. 吉姆的妈妈进来时,他正在做作业。

When Jims mother ____ in, he ____ ____ his homework.

3. 莎莉给她的朋友们在玩电脑游戏时拍了一张照片。

Sally ____ a photo of her friends ____ they were playing computer games.

4. 我们决定不爬山,因为雨下得很大。

We decided not to climb the mountain because it ____ ____ heavily.

5. 当他看到地上有个钱包时,立刻把它捡了起来。

When he ____ a wallet on the ground, he ____ it up at once.

6. 当老师进来的时候,学生们正在大声说话。

The students ____ ____ loudly ____ the teacher came in.

7. 我爸爸看報纸的时候,我妈妈在打扫房间。

My mother ____ ____ the room ____ my father was reading the newspaper.

8. 我正睡觉的时候,有人敲门。

Someone ____ at the door ____ I was sleeping.

9. 昨天这个时候,汤姆正在做家庭作业。

Tom ____ ____ homework at home ____ ____ ____ ____.

10. ——昨晚10点钟你在做什么呢?

——我当时正在玩电脑游戏。

—____ ____ ____ ____ at 10:00 last night?

—I ____ ____ computer games.

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