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永远的山水诗 最美的桃花源

2021-06-24叶朝阳

文化交流 2021年4期
关键词:舴艋诗路楠溪江

叶朝阳

悠悠三百里楠溪江,水秀、岩奇、瀑多、村古、滩林美,宛如一幅立体的山水画长卷。作为国家AAAA级旅游区、世界地质公园,楠溪江素有“天下第一水”之称,也被誉为“中国山水诗摇篮”。古往今来,谢灵运、颜延之、陶弘景、李白、杜甫、孟浩然、苏轼、叶适等文人墨客在楠溪江畔流连忘返,吟诵不辍。

为守护好这片灵山秀水,让更多人为永嘉山水驻足留步,永嘉县以建设“长三角一流的山水田园休闲度假旅游目的地”为目标,以永嘉诗画山水和美丽乡村为优势,重点打造丽水街、楠溪江滩地音乐公园等美丽乡村夜经济集聚地,融入“吃、住、行、游、购、娱”等多种元素,串起古今文脉、山水风景、全域旅游发展之“链”。乡村旅游、文化创意、健康养生等项目遍地开花,“日游楠溪江,夜宿桃花源”的诗意栖居品牌越发深入人心。

诗路旺在实景转化里

从谢灵运在永嘉种下的诗歌种子出发,永嘉学派、非遗文化、古村文化、瓯窑文化、红色文化等优质资源犹如散落在楠溪江畔的珍珠。怎样把永嘉独有的文化资源和得天独厚的山水资源相结合,通过文化来提升旅游的内涵和质量,开创文旅融合发展新局面?永嘉创新提炼出“SONG”文化符号。S是指以“山水诗”为代表的“诗歌”文化;O是指以“瓯瓷”为代表的“瓯”文化;N是指以“南戏”(永昆、乱弹)为代表的“戏曲”文化;G则意指以“古村落”为代表的“耕读”文化。

同时,“SONG”既是“宋”字的拼音,也是“歌唱、诗歌”的英译,可谓古今兼容。一方面,苍坡、芙蓉、屿北等古村落,以及永嘉学派、南戏故里及耕读文化,其核心无不体现宋文化的内涵;另一方面,所谓诗歌,诗是文学,歌是音乐,因此永嘉突破了诗的概念,为瓯江山水诗之路赋予音乐之路的新型IP。

从文化概念向文化品牌转变,永嘉通过一批批诗路文化新地标的打造,将“诗和远方”融入山水中。

围绕“谢灵运”打造山水诗带,以谢灵运《登永嘉绿嶂山》《登石门最高顶》等25首诗中提到的足迹为重点,永嘉对谢公田等20多处山水诗资源进行保护提升,投入6000多万元在谢灵运后裔村建设谢公岭山水诗主题公园和谢灵运纪念馆,打造“跟着谢灵运游楠溪”山水诗体验游线路4条;围绕“舴艋舟”打造乡愁诗带,以南宋著名女词人李清照“只恐双溪舴艋舟,载不动许多愁”诗句为意境,永嘉深入挖掘山水诗路上的舴艋舟元素,在楠溪源头村打造舴艋舟文化馆,开辟10公里旅游水上新航线,串联沿线村庄,打造了一条乡村旅游“网红路线”,复活了有着1500年历史却已消失30余年的舴艋舟文化,推出舴艋舟文化体验游,并举办楠溪江舴艋舟竞渡活动,央视为此进行了一天三次的专题报道;围绕“陶弘景”打造养生诗带,依托“中国长寿之乡”这一金字招牌,永嘉以“山中宰相”陶弘景隐居地陶公洞景区为主体,推进十二峰、小若岩景群等景区景点提质工程,把陶弘景“山中何所有,岭上多白云”的诗意和沿线景点融为一体,做好诗路的景观化文章,打造集养眼、养心、养身于一体的“诗带”,年游客量超过200万人次;围绕古村落打造文化寻踪游,发挥岩头国家级历史文化名镇、枫林省级历史文化名镇的人文资源优势,永嘉深入挖掘耕读文化、红色文化,大力做好古村落的保护和利用,重点提升丽水街历史文化街区、芙蓉古村、蒼坡古村、楠溪江漂流等项目,打造诗旅融合精品线路……

追随着文人骚客的笔墨,三百里江水晶莹透彻,江面上鸥鸟出没,沿岸青山叠翠、竹树茂密,让人忍不住感叹,眼前的楠溪江就是梦想中的“诗和远方”。

诗路兴在全民共享里

在青山绿水间演绎诗画永嘉的余韵悠远,永嘉沿着“物化、深化、转化”的发展方向,坚持诗路建设服务人民美好生活,努力将诗路打造成为人民致富之路、市民提高生活品质之路、游客喜爱的美景美食之路。

老祠堂改成书法馆、乡村的普通房子改成酒吧茶吧、闲置的小学改成美术馆、寻常的土地上建起谢灵运山水诗的陈列馆……眼下,在鹤盛镇上日川村,正在发生乡村遇上诗路的“蜕变”。

这里不仅成了山水诗山水画的研学基地和写生基地,还把优质教育引入乡村,给乡村带来更多发展的可能性。

“其实艺术家和文化人的到来,才是改变乡村最重要的动力。”回归乡贤、北京大学艺术学院博士后周建朋说,在上日川村举办的国际研讨会和国际展览,不仅给村民带来了国际视野,也提高了他们的素质,改善了这里的生活环境。

而上日川村通过写生基地的建设,打造“中国最美国际山水型基地”,并与世界各地的美术院校搭上线。这种“请进来、走出去”的方式,巧妙带动了当地的经济。目前,上日川村已成为中国美术学院等20多家院校的写生基地,年接待学生3万多人次。村民建民宿、开农家乐、卖农副产品,在家门口实现致富增收,把日子过得像诗一样。

这样的“蜕变”,永嘉正从盆景转化为风景。该县以文化促进旅游业态升级,引进和建设楠溪诗画小镇、瓯窑小镇、楠溪书院等一批文旅融合项目,为乡村振兴注入新动能。投资30亿元的永嘉楠溪诗画小镇入围第四批省级培育类特色小镇;瓯窑博物馆和瓯窑遗址公园项目作为全省16个山海协作生态旅游文化产业园之一,丰富瓯窑小镇旅游载体,带动周边村民年均收入增长1万元以上;丽水街历史文化街区项目集观光游憩、商贸体验、文化休闲等功能于一体,既是楠溪江文化的“博物馆”,也是游客和村民休闲娱乐的新场所;戴上VR眼镜,坐上舴艋舟徜徉在悠悠楠溪江,3D全息体验展现“诗意楠溪”画卷,新落成的数字诗路e站打造一个“云游”平台,带给人们不一样的视觉体验……

让诗路与乡村振兴同步推进,让广大群众共享发展成果,充分激活了众人参与大花园建设的积极性、主动性:用自己勤劳的双手把家乡建设得更加美丽富饶,建成各有所长、百花齐放、各美其美、美美与共的大花园。以民宿为例,民间投资建设的民宿“青箬山房”获评“2019年中国十大必睡美宿”第一名,“墟里”被评为全国“最美”民宿五强,“墟里贰号”民宿成为全国12家“中国最佳民宿”之一,目前永嘉共拥有230多家精品民宿,获评全国首批民宿产业发展示范区。

在楠溪江畔,“人人成园丁、处处成花园”,已然从梦想照进现实。

诗路美在代代传承中

诗路建设不仅要做得“兴旺”,更要走得“长远”,如何传承下去就是绕不开的主题。诗路体现了人民生生不息的文化创造力,而在新时代尤须激活文化创新基因。

举办中国百名文化记者山水诗雅集、中国诗刊社“青春诗会”“国际山水诗之旅暨山水诗发祥地温州‘48小时诗意旅行”等国家级诗坛盛会,开展“墨香温州”——楠溪江山水诗名家作品邀请展等,让诗歌唱响永嘉、融入生活;全面梳理山水诗领域专家学者诗人信息,实施中青年人才培养计划,成立谢灵运、中国山水诗两大研究会,并定期邀请专家学者举办学术交流会、高端研讨会;承办2019浙江省诗路IP文创产品大赛及研发交流会、诗意文化集市等,推动优秀文创产品落地;连续举办“当巴黎遇上温州”“当伦敦遇上温州”等中外艺术家系列交流活动;成功举办全国著名散文诗人“诗吟楠溪江”采风活动,30余名散文诗人留下230多首诗词……永嘉持续开展形式多样、内容丰富的山水诗主题活动,不断做强山水诗路文化IP,擦亮“中國山水诗摇篮”金名片,成功摘得全国第23个、浙江第3个“中国诗歌之乡”荣誉。

做足做深传承文章,离不开一个个创新平台的打造。“杭州有宋城,永嘉有宋村”,永嘉围绕打造以岩头镇、枫林镇为核心板块的“江南宋村”,重点布局丽水古街项目,加大古村落传承、保护,充分挖掘“宋”文化价值。“江南宋村”项目包括历史文化街区改造提升、特色民宿打造、楠溪姑娘光影乐园等主题项目建设。特别是围绕夜游丽水街,打造“咏嘉”丽水长廊沉浸式景观秀,增加与游客互动,将水韵、自然、灯光、音乐、环境融为一体,以春夏秋冬为不同主题、不同内容吸引不同游客,不断丰富丽水街的业态,带动餐饮、住宿、购物、娱乐等行业发展,打响文旅品牌。

让山水与文化相依,日游与夜赏相连,以夜游为特色的大众活动已频繁出现在楠溪江两岸。作为其中的重头戏,楠溪江滩地音乐公园长滩岛举办COART麋鹿星球艺术营活动,文化艺术活动、文创农创展、论坛活动等轮番上演的精彩节目,点靓夜空下的楠溪江;独具特色的楠溪花月夜和楠溪小夜曲,成为传播千年文脉的活课堂,让慕名而至的游人流连忘返。

未来已来。打造成为瓯江山水诗路文化研究的先行地、文旅融合的样板地、大花园建设的示范地,永嘉正逐梦前行。

(作者系永嘉县委常委、宣传部部长,本文原发表于《浙江日报》,本刊编辑整理。)

Yongjia: A Place of  Landscape Poems

By Ye Chaoyang

The Nanxi River, winding across Yongjia county for almost 150 kilometers, stands like a three-dimensional landscape painting, with charming waters, strange boulders, multiple waterfalls, ancient villages, as well as luxuriant forests all in the picture. Throughout history, literary giants such as Xie Lingyun (385-433), Li Bai (701-762), Du Fu (712-770), Meng Haoran (689-740), Su Shi (1037-1101) and Ye Shi (1150-1223) have left their footprints along the Nanxi River, singing praises of its beauty in their poems and proses.

To attract more people and at the same time better preserve the area, which is part of the Yandangshan UNESCO Global Geopark, Yongjia county is implementing a raft of measures and programs. Rural tourism and projects on creative culture and on health and wellness are flourishing. A holistic experience for tourists that integrates local cuisine, comfortable accommodation, convenient transportation, in-depth travel, varied shopping and entertainment options is taking shape.

As an important part of the Oujiang River Landscape Poetry Road and as the “Cradle of Chinas Landscape Poetry”, Yongjia has focused on cultivating its poetry resources. One program is to develop the countys very own Xie Lingyun-themed landscape poetry culture belt. Over 20 places that have been mentioned in 25 of Xies poems have been renovated and more than 60 million yuan have been invested to build a theme park and a memorial hall, giving tourists an opportunity to immerse themselves in Yongjias rich poetry and history.

“Im afraid the grasshopper boats at the Twin Streams, could not carry such a load of my sorrow.” (“To the tune of ‘Spring in Wuling”) Thus wrote Li Qingzhao (1084-1155), the best-known female ci poet in Chinese history, in one of the most memorable lines in Chinese poetry. Another program is precisely to revive this traditional “grasshopper boat”, a local feature with a history of 1,500 years but was last seen more than 30 years ago. A 10-kilometer-long watercourse is specially set aside for travelers to ride the grasshopper boats and visit ancient villages and a host of scenic and cultural spots along the way.

On the other hand, all these are not taking place in a void; the key is shared participation and development. Ultimately, the goal is to not only benefit tourists, but also improve the livelihoods of local residents.

In the process, for example, old and unused ancestral halls have been changed into calligraphy halls, rural houses have been turned into bars, disused primary school premises have been built into art galleries…the list goes on. The efforts are paying off. A case in point is Richuan village in Hesheng township.

Jumping on the poetry road bandwagon, the village has transformed itself into a place for scholars, artists and students taking study trips on landscape poetry as well as landscape paintings. More than 20 art academies, schools and colleges, including China Academy of Art, have chosen Richuan village as their base. With 30,000-odd students coming to the village every year, businesses of family-run hotels and restaurants have boomed, and sales of agricultural products have picked up. The villagers are leading a life of comfort and poetic beauty.

The gains are more than economic; the arrival of these people and institutions has enriched the village culturally and educationally. “To some extent, they are the most important force behind the transformation of the rural areas,” Zhou Jianpeng, a Yongjia native and a postdoctoral fellow from Peking Universitys School of Arts who has returned to work in Yongjia, concurs. At the heart of it all, he contends, is rural revitalization through culture and tourism in a sustainable manner. Now, international symposiums and exhibitions are being held in the village, adding another dimension to its overall development.

Long hailed as “the First River Under Heaven”, the Nanxi River is truly living up to its name by continuing nourishing people in a modern and sustainable way.

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