中铁二院——轨道交通“魔法师”

3月31日，由中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司（以下简称“中铁二院”）全程参与设计、施工配合、施工监理、车辆监造，历经5年规划建设的云南省文山壮族苗族自治州城市轨道交通现代有轨电车4号线开通试运行，该项目是云南省第一条正式开通试运行的有轨电车项目，也是国内首批采用PPP模式建造、国内首个在革命老区和边疆少数民族地区建设的有轨电车项目，拥有多个全国首创，是中铁二院在新制式轨道交通领域的又一力作。

当下，新型多制式轨道交通正成为中国城轨建设“新宠”，中铁二院响应国家“交通强国”“创新驱动发展”的号召，开发运用中低速磁浮，跨座式单轨，现代有轨电车等技术，成为新制式轨道交通领域的主要探路者和重要实践者。

After five years of planning and construction, the modern tram line 4 project of Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province was put into trial operation on March 31.China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co., Ltd.（hereinafter referred to as “CREEC”） participated in the whole process of design, construction coordination, construction supervision, and vehicle supervision for the project.This project is the first tram project officially put into trial operation in Yunnan Province, and also the first tram project adopting PPP mode in China and the first tram project built in an old revolutionary base area and frontier ethnic region in China.It is the first in many fields in China and is another masterpiece of CREEC in the field of new standard rail transit.

At present, the new multi-system rail transit is becoming the “new favorite” of China’s urban rail transit construction.In response to China's call for “a country with strong transportation network” and the “innovation-driven development”, CREEC has developed and applied technologies such as medium-low speed maglev, straddle monorail, and modern tram, becoming a major pathfinder and an important practitioner in the field of new-system rail transit.

中国首条国产中低速磁悬浮铁路快线——长沙磁浮快线列车 （本版图片/东方IC 供图）Changsha Maglev Express, China’s first domestic medium-low speed maglev line

A中低速磁浮

Medium-low speed maglev

2016年，国家启动“十三五”重点研发计划——先进轨道交通重点专项“磁浮交通系统关键技术”：具体包括时速600公里的高速磁浮项目与时速200公里的中速磁浮项目。中铁二院是该重点专项中唯一一家同时参与承担了中速、高速磁浮交通系统关键技术研究课题的工程综合勘察设计单位。

In 2016, China launched the Key Project of Advanced Rail Transit of “Key Technologies of Maglev Transportation System” as an integral part of the “Thirteenth Five-Year Plan”, specifically including the high-speed maglev project with a speed of 600 km per hour and the medium-speed maglev project with a speed of 200 km per hour.CREEC is the only engineering integrated survey and design institute in this key project that has undertaken the research project of key technologies of medium and high-speed maglev transportation system at the same time.

案例一

Case 1

凤凰磁浮文化旅游项目规划线路分三期实施，一期工程以张吉怀高铁凤凰站为起点到民俗园站，线路全长9.121公里，设计时速100公里，拟设车站4座，预留车站2座。项目一期工程于2019年8月开工建设，凤凰磁浮线将成为凤凰一条亮丽的风景线。

The planned route of Fenghuang Maglev Cultural Tourism Project is implemented in three phases.The first phase starts from the Fenghuang Station on Zhangjiajie-Jishou-Huaihua High-speed Railway to the Fenghuang Folklore Garden, with a total length of 9.121 km and a design speed of 100 km per hour.Four stations are planned and two stations are reserved.The first phase of the project started construction in August 2019, and the Fenghuang Maglev will become a feast to the eyes in Fenghuang.

案例二

Case 2

长沙南站至黄花机场磁浮快线全长18.55公里，速度目标值每小时100公里，全线高架，共设站3座，另预留车站2座，设车辆段与综合基地一处，2013年启动前期工作，2016年5月正式投入使用。

The Changsha Maglev Express between Changsha South Railway Station and Changsha Huanghua International Airport is 18.55 km long, with a target speed of 100 km per hour.The whole line is elevated, with three stations and two reserved stations, a depot, and a comprehensive base.The preliminary work was started in 2013 and the maglev express was officially put into use in May 2016.

重庆网红景点李子坝站轻轨穿楼而过CRT Liziba Station, a popular tourism destination, where the light rail is running through a building

B跨座式单轨

Straddle-beam monorail

只通过单根轨道来支承、稳定和导向，车体骑跨在轨道梁上运行的轨道交通系统。一般采用充气轮胎、混凝土轨道梁。爬坡能力强，曲线通过能力强；运行噪音低，占地少；梁体纤细、景观性好。

It is a rail transit system supported, stabilized, and guided only by the track consisting of a single rail and the vehicles straddle the track beam.Generally, pneumatic tires and concrete track beams are used.It is characterized by strong climbing ability and strong curve passing ability, low running noise, and less land occupation, slender beams, and aesthetics.

案例三

Case 3

重庆轨道交通2号线由中铁二院负责全线设计总体总包工作，是国内首条跨座式单轨，运营里程31.36公里，全线设车站25座，包括22座高架站、3座地下站。已开通运营，列车穿楼而过的李子坝站，已成为重庆网红打卡地。

Chongqing Rail Transit Line 2 is the first straddle monorail in China, with an operating mileage of 31.36 km.It is designed by CREEC as the general contractor for the whole line.There are 25 stations along the line, including 22 elevated stations and 3 underground stations.The operating Liziba Station, in which the train passes through the building, has become the internetfamous place in Chongqing.

C现代有轨电车

Modern tram

以电力驱动推动、并在固定轨道上运行的载客交通工具。列车编组有单节车厢，也有多节车厢的设计，但是总长度一般不大于100米，以避免造成路口交通不畅。建设周期短，一般采用地面敷设，乘客乘降便利，建设成本低，建设周期短。

It carries passengers by running on fixed rail and driven by electric power.The trains are composed of a single vehicle or multiple vehicles with a total length of not more than 100 m so as not to cause traffic congestion at crossings.The construction period is short.Generally, it is laid on the ground, which is convenient for passengers to get on and off, low in construction cost, and short in the construction period.

案例四

Case 4

丽江城市综合轨道交通项目一期工程（1号线）位于云南省丽江玉龙雪山南侧山麓，项目南起游客中心站，北至玉龙雪山站，线路串联了主要旅游景区及客流集散点。线路全长20.465公里，最高运行时速70公里。项目难度在于高原生态环境脆弱、山地冰雪气候复杂、长大坡道技术条件和旅游景观要求高等等。项目建设在促进丽江旅游发展、缓解雪山生态压力、引导和构建集环境保护和旅游发展功能于一体的城市综合交通体系等方面具有重要意义。

The first phase of Lijiang Urban Comprehensive Rail Transit Project （Line 1） is located at the foothills of the south side of Jade Dragon Snow Mountain in Lijiang, Yunnan Province.The project starts from the tourist center station in the south and reaches Jade Dragon Snow Mountain Station in the north.The line links up the main tourist attractions and passenger flow distribution points.The total length of the line is 20.465 km, with a maximum running speed of 70 km per hour.The difficulty of the project lies in the fragile ecological environment on the plateau, the complex snow and ice climate in the mountains, the high technical conditions of long ramps and the high requirements of the tourist landscape, etc.The project construction is of great significance in promoting tourism development in Lijiang, relieving ecological pressure on snow-capped mountains, guiding and constructing an integrated urban transportation system integrating environmental protection and tourism development functions.

D悬挂式单轨

Mounted monorail

悬挂式单轨（也称“空轨”）为单轨交通制式的一种，车辆转向架置于下开口的轨道梁内，车厢悬挂于轨道梁下方实现安全、平稳行驶。

Mounted monorail （also called “aerial railway”） is a kind of monorail transportation system, in which the bogie is placed in the track beam with a lower opening, and the carriage is suspended under the track beam to realize safe and stable running.

案例五

Case 5

中铁二院正牵头中国首条商业运营的悬挂式单轨线路。该项目的功能定位主要为空铁试验线功能、空铁产业示范功能、旅游观光功能。根据沿线串联的不同区域丰富的人文要素和生态特色，对车站进行一站一景设置，并对桥墩造型及轨道梁进行景观涂装。项目车辆采用全透明车厢，最大程度提升了乘客观光体验效果。中铁二院利用空铁车辆位于轨道梁下方的独特优势，全球首创地将轨道交通和景观步道结合，在轨道梁上方敷设全透明的玻璃栈道，打造出地面、车内、桥上三个层次的独特景观视角，实现“我在车里看风景，看风景的人在桥上看我”的沉浸式景观体验。

CREEC is leading off in the first commercial suspended monorail line in China.The project is mainly to be used as an aerial railway test line, an aerial railway industry demonstration, and means of tourist sightseeing.As for the rich cultural elements and ecological characteristics of different areas linked along the line, the decoration of the station varies from station to station, and the piers are beautifully shaped and the track beam is painted with artistic paintings.The vehicles in the project are fully transparent, which greatly improves the experience of the passengers.By making use of the unique advantage that aerial railway vehicles are located under the track beam, CREEC is the world’s first to combine rail transit with landscape trails by laying a fully transparent glass plank road above the track beam, creating a unique landscape perspective of three levels, namely, the ground, the vehicle, and the bridge, and realizing the immersive landscape experience of “I see the scenery in the vehicle, while those who see the scenery look at me on the bridge”.

E齿轨铁路

Rack railway

与传统铁路相比，齿轨铁路增加了齿轮系统，在钢轮钢轨黏着性无法满足爬坡能力要求的大坡度地段依靠齿轮齿条进行驱动。齿轨铁路由于依靠齿轮齿条进行驱动，车可突破传统铁路的钢轮钢轨黏着限制，最大爬坡能力250‰~480‰，是传统铁路的7至20倍，地形适应能力极强。但速度较低，齿轨地段根据不同的坡度，一般为每小时10至25公里。齿轨系主要适用于山地景区内的交通工具，相比缆车具有载客量大、舒适度及安全性高、受天气影响小、不影响景观等优点。

中铁二院牵头的中国首条以齿轨作为运行轨道的轨道交通项目——都江堰至四姑娘山山地轨道交通扶贫项目，目前正在加速建设推进。

Compared with the traditional railway, a gear system is added to the rack railway, which is driven by gears and racks in steep slope sections where the adhesion of steel wheels and rails cannot meet the requirements of climbing ability.Driven by racks and pinions on the rack railway, the vehicle can break through the adhesion limit of steel wheels and rails of traditional railways, reaching its maximum climbing ability of 250‰～480‰, which is 7-20 times that of traditional railways, and its terrain adaptability is extremely strong.However, the speed is relatively low, and it is generally 10 to 25 km per hour in the rack section according to different slopes.The rack rail system is mainly suitable for vehicles in mountains.Compared with cable cars, it has the advantages of large passenger capacity, high comfort, and safety, less vulnerability to weather, and no impact on the landscape.

The first rail transit project in China, from Dujiangyan to Siguniang Mountain, led by CREEC, which uses a rack railway as its running track, is under construction now.

云南文山城市轨道交通现代有轨电车4号线Tram line 4 of Wenshan urban rail transit system in Yunnan（东方IC 供图）

未来，在广阔的新制式轨道交通领域，中铁二院将延续梦想，追梦前行，以技术创新作为立业之本，不断加强在新制式轨道交通领域的研发力度，为锻造引领未来交通变革的利器提供技术储备，同时将一如既往地向世界轨道交通的最前沿探索，为中国中铁在新制式轨道交通领域的发展提供核心竞争力和创新推动力。

In the vast field of new standard rail transit, CREEC will continue its pursuit of the dream, take technological innovation as the foundation of its career, continuously strengthen its research and development in the field of new standard rail transit, and provide technical reserves for forging a sharp tool to lead the future traffic change.At the same time, it will, as always, explore the forefront of world rail transit and provide core competitiveness and innovation impetus for the development of China Railway in the field of new standard rail transit.