彩石镶嵌：点石成金的传统技艺

刘凡力 卢倩倩

彩石鑲嵌是一种石雕、浮雕与花板雕刻相结合的技法，是国家级非物质文化遗产之一。传统彩石镶嵌是以天然叶蜡石为材料加工成预先设计好的图案，镶嵌在红木、樟木等上面的工艺美术作品，呈现出石材古朴高雅特质和木料的天然纹理色泽。温州彩石镶嵌至今已有400多年历史，是民间传统工艺中的一颗璀璨明珠。镶嵌艺术积累了许多重要的技术手段，主要包括直接镶嵌法、预制法、反贴反上法、正贴正上法等。除平面镶嵌外，也可以在浮雕上进行镶嵌，这种镶嵌方法可以进一步增强镶嵌对象的立体感。

镶嵌（彩石镶嵌）代表性传承人缪成金的彩石镶嵌技艺令人叹服，对这一技艺的热爱和执着让他在技艺上作出了许多突破和创新，创作出许多独具特色的彩石镶嵌作品。60多年彩石镶嵌生涯中，他创作的《击鞠图》《天女散花》《扇屋佳人》《十二生肖》《杜甫诗意》《弘一大师》等多次参赛获奖。同时，缪成金还是业内少有的能进行“大件”创作的工艺美术大师，比如《法华胜会》《灵山胜会》《普贤十愿图》《文殊说法图》等大型作品，件件精美绝伦、生动传神。几十年如一日，对于缪老先生来说，彩石镶嵌已经融入了他的生活。“拿出一张椅子，泡杯茶，坐在作品面前，品品茶，看看自己的作品，我觉得这是非常自在的生活，也可以说是很高的享受。”缪成金说。

缪一川在父亲的言传身教之下，也练就了一门彩石镶嵌的好手艺。他是学设计出身，又深谙经商之道，经过对市场的慎重考察，他把彩石镶嵌的未来定位在高端艺术品和日常生活用品上，大大提高了彩石镶嵌作品的销售情况，也给非遗的传承和创新提供了新思路。

（感谢浙江省非物质文化遗产保护中心为本栏目提供支持）

A national cultural intangible heritage， Colored Stone Inlay is a folk art that combines the skills of stone carving， relief carving and wood carving. The works produced are mahogany or camphorwood that is shaped into patterns and then inlaid with natural pyrophyllite.

In Wenzhou city， the traditional art of Colored Stone Inlay boasts a history of more than 400 years， and is one of the most valued folk arts in China. Over time， folk artists have developed many inlay techniques， such as direct inlay， prefabricated inlay， among others. As well as inlay on flat surface， Colored Stone Inlay can also be applied on relief， enhancing the 3D rendering of the inlaid object.

A Wenzhou native and an inheritor of the intangible cultural heritage， Miao Chengjin has been known for his stunning skills in his 60-odd-year career as a Colored Stone Inlay craftsman. His works， including the Chinese Zodiac，  Du Fu and Poetry and Master Hongyi， have won him a host of top awards. In fact， Miao is one of the few in the industry who are able to create “large” pieces of works that are both exquisite and vivid. Examples include The Ten Great Vows of Samantabhadra Bodhisattva and  Manjusri Bodhisattva Teaching Dharma.

Inspired by his father， Miao Yichuan， Miao Chengjins son， also became a master of the Colored Stone Inlay craft. Majoring in design studies and adept in business， Miao Yichuan has positioned Colored Stone Inlay works as both high-end art products and products relatable to peoples everyday life. It has greatly boosted the sales of these works and provided new ideas for the inheritance and innovation of intangible cultural heritage.