本期英文提要（ABSTRACTS）

ABSTRACTS

On the Universal Value and Era Significance of the Red Boat Spirit——Commemorating the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of the Communist Party of China

（4）

Wang Yongchang，Wang Zhengjian，Han Xiaoyang

（School of Marxism，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：The Communist Party of China （CPC）is a party with the profound spiritual culture.The centuries-old history of the struggle of the CPC is a history of striving to lead Chinese people from standing up，getting rich to becoming strong，and also a history of development that continues to inherit the national spirit，forge a red culture，and cultivate the spirit of the times.The “Red Boat Spirit” summarized by Comrade Xi Jinping not only built a complete chain of the CPC’s spiritual history，and profoundly revealed the rich content of the CPC’s spiritual homeland and the inherent characteristics of growth and development of the CPC，which has created a new chapter of studying the development history of the Party’s spiritual culture and enriched the scientific theory of Marxist party building.Without spirit，people do not stand，the country does not prosper，and the party won’t be strong.Emphasizing the spirit of building and strengthening the party are important traditions and advantages of the CPC.In the course of a hundred years of magnificent struggle，the CPC has gradually cultivated and formed a series of unique party spirits that reflect the nature and purpose of the party，illustrate the national spirit，embody the requirements of the times，and gather powers across the nation，which has constructed the genealogy of the red spirits.The Red Boat Spirit is the powerful spiritual force of always maintaining the advanced nature of the Party and being at the forefront of the times.

Key words：Red Boat Spirit； the CPC’s spiritual history； era value

Searching Effect，Internet Use and Imports Quality Upgrading： Evidence from China

（12）

Hu Xinyue，Gu Guoda，Song Xueyin

（School of Economics，Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：This paper clarifies the theoretical mechanism of the Internet’s influence on the import behavior of enterprises from the perspective of importer’s buyer position facing information asymmetry and information search costs.Based on the matching database of Chinese industrial enterprises and customs，the matching difference method is used for empirical testing，and the main results are as followed： First，the Internet has a quality searching effect.The use of Internet technology can significantly improve the importer’s quality.From the perspective of product dynamics，the use of the Internet has not promoted the quality of incumbent products in the imported products mix，but has improved the quality of products by importing high-quality new products which led to an upgrade of aggregate import quality.Second，as a result of the quality searching effect，the Internet still has a structural reconfiguration effect within the imported products mix.The varieties of import products have not expanded，but the core degree of imports has increased significantly which can optimize the imported products mix.This paper also finds that offline information networks have a certain substitution effect on the Internet.When companies are in cities or industries where offline information networks are relatively scarce，the first to adopt Internet technology will have a greater positive effect on the upgrading of import quality and the optimization of imported products mix.

Key words：Internet； searching effect； import quality； imported products mix

How Can Chinese Enterprises Improve the Success Rate of Cross-border Acquisition under Regulatory Risk?

（23）

Huang Dengfeng，Yu Rongjian，Xiang Liyao，Jiang Tingting

（School of Business Administration，Zhejiang Gongshang University，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：Based on the “institutional contexts-firm attributes-firm actions” framework of institutional theory，we adopt fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis （fsQCA）to analyze how the institutional regulatory risk，firm capability and M&A strategy configurations influence Chinese firms’ cross-border acquisition completions.By analyzing the data of 184 Chinese firms’ cross-border acquisition deals （2002-2018），we find four different configurations that can help Chinese firms to complete acquisition deals： full acquisitions under a roundabout strategy，low-key acquisitions under a non-intimate relationship，low-threat acquisitions in sensitive industries under an intimate relationship，and sensitive industry acquisitions driven by dual strategies.Our results also show that Chinese firms cannot complete the acquisition deals when the relationship regulatory risk and industry regulatory risk are both high.We also find that the combination of different types of firm capabilities with other conditions has a heterogeneous influence on the completion of cross-border acquisition.Our study enriches the research perspective and method of cross-border acquisition completion research，and also help to provide theoretical reference and useful inspiration for Chinese enterprises to choose appropriate strategies to complete acquisition deals so as to accelerate the establishment of a “dual circulation” development pattern.

Key words：institutional regulatory risk； firm capability； M&A strategy； cross-border acquisition completion； configuration

The Formation and Logic of the Party-Government System in the Chinese Revolution：The System Origin of China’s Contemporary Governance System

（31）

Wang Ruolei

（Party School of the Central Committee of C.P.C，Beijing 100091）

Abstract：The Party-government system formed during the modern Chinese revolution is an important source of China’s contemporary governance system.The question of “how the Party-government system was formed” is not only a significant issue for the history of the Party，but also the basis for understanding China’s contemporary governance system.A state system is shaped by its own history.Many systems have been tried in the course of the modern Chinese revolution.Only in comparison with the failures can we understand the historical logic of the formation of China’s Party-government system.The system succeeded because it fit China’s social order structure that was then completely disintegrated，and the social strata structure dominated by farmers.Also，in the course of the revolution，it gradually formed a“mass-mobilizing party-state” system with a powerful leading Party and widespread grassroots organizations，and effectively mobilized the Party members and the people which were highly integrated and mutually constructed.The system recreated the structure of China，formed a brand-new way of social organization，and rebuilt the foundation of the Chinese society.

Key words：the 100th Anniversary of the Founding of the CPC； the success of the Chinese revolution；the party-government system； the historical social structure

On the Leading Activities： the Governance Object of the Party Leading Regulations

（39）

Jiang Qinghua

（Law School，Central South University，Changsha 410083）

Abstract：Leading activities，which are the governance object of the Party leading regulations，refer to the mechanisms，methods，and paths adopted by the Party organizations to implement the Party leadership system.Compared with “leading styles” which has a broad meaning，“leading activities” better highlights the“act（law）” attribute of the leading regulations.If we are to follow the principle of rule of law to study the leading regulations，it is necessary to discuss the types and governance rules of leading activities to help modernize the Party regulations.Leading activities can be divided into two categories，relating to the state power （that is，the ruling activities）and the social forces.The ruling activities mainly include political decision-making activities，state power controlling activities，and administrative management activities，while the Party leading activities relating to social forces mainly include cooperative and consultative activities，propaganda and education activities，and exemplary activities.On this basis，a third level of subdivision can be made.At present，the Party regulations which govern these leading activities are becoming more and more complete.However，we still need to formulate more detailed regulations in order to continue to promote the regulation-based Party governance on decision-making procedure，the cadres training and selection，the Party and government co-establishment organs to carry out administrative management，and the scope and procedures of democratic consultation，etc.

Key words：leading regulations；leading activities；ruling activities；regulation-based party governance；the governance of party regulations

“Integrity Rule of Law”： Evolution and Development of Party Discipline Review——Take 211 “Party Discipline and Punishment Decisions”of Central Management Cadres as Samples

（48）

Guo Chunzhen，Zeng Yucheng

（School of Law，Xiamen University，Xiamen 361005）

Abstract：Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC，the inner-party governance has been further promoted and has such trends and characteristics as integration，comprehensiveness and standardization.Based on the analysis of 211 samples of the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection’s official website published since the 18th CPC National Congress，it can be found that the party discipline review of the inner-party politics，style and corruption is moving towards an “integrity rule of law” model.While fully absorbing the experience and ideal of Party discipline review since the 18th CPC National Congress，this governance model provides a theoretical framework with explanatory power for better interpreting the current action picture of inner -party governance.As a framework system with both openness and structural flexibility，“integrity rule of law” is not only a comprehensive evaluation system of the rule of law within the party，but also a self-restraint mechanism for party organizations and members.It is of positive significance for deepening national governance and realizing the interactive integration of national governance and the rule of law within the party.

Key words：party discipline review； integrity rule of law； evolution； integration

A Comparative Research of Urban and Rural Social Quality in the Process of Modernization

（57）

Huang Yongliang1，Cui Yan2

（1.Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Social Sciences，Nanjing 210004；2.Chinese Academy of Social Sciences，Beijing 100732）

Abstract：The process of realizing social modernization is the process of coordinated economic and social development，and the process of realizing balanced development of urban and rural society.At present，China’s urban and rural social development gap is large，urban and rural residents also have different social needs.How to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and meet the differentiated social needs of urban and rural residents is the focus of current social concern.Based on the data of CSS2019，this paper makes a comparative research on the social quality evaluation of urban and rural residents in China.The results show that：（1）the rural residents’ evaluation of the overall social development quality is lower than that of the urban residents；（2）the emphasis of urban and rural residents’ evaluation of social development quality is different，and the influence effect of each dimension of social quality on the social quality evaluation of urban and rural residents is also different.The effect of the bottom line security in the dimension of social and economic security on the social quality evaluation of rural residents is stronger than that of urban residents.

Key words：modernization； social quality； urban and rural development； social policy

Layer by Layer Precipitation and Talent Capture：Differentiated Settlement under Urban Competition

（66）

Qi Xiaobing

（School of Public Management，Nanchang University，Nanchang 330031）

Abstract：Development-oriented cities are facing increasingly fierce competition.The original intention of our country’s urban development policy and household registration system reform design is to achieve balanced development among different regions and cities.However，under the strict cities hierarchical management system，the city government is using differentiated settlement policies to achieve reverse resource allocation.The differentiated residency policy divides the floating population into different levels of “talents”.The higher the level of the city，the greater the power in the allocation of resources，and the more it can capture high-level talents with the higher “gold content” of the household registration advantage.Small towns can only attract ordinary migrant workers，thus forming a layer-by-layer precipitation and resource allocation mechanism.This mechanism causes the population to move to cities with better public resources rather than to cities with higher market efficiency； it is prone to “robbing the poor and helping the rich” effect.The more small and medium-sized cities that need resources for development，the less resources they get，and leading to “public equipment for private use”： low-level cities specialize in public services in order to attract talents，which further widens the gap between disadvantaged groups and elite groups.

Key words：household registration reform； talent； city level； urban competition

Why Is “the Main Force of Childbearing” Merely Nominal?——Analysis of 743 Questionnaires based on Urban Youth Fertility Intention

（77）

Zhou Guohong，He Yulu，Yang Junzhong

（Ningbo Institute of Technology，Zhejiang University，Ningbo 315100）

Abstract：As the main undertaker of fertility，urban youth’s fertility intention directly affect the total fertility rate of a country’s population.Based on the theory of planned behavior and related theories of childbearing intention，this paper establishes a structural equation model of influencing factors of urban youth’s childbearing willingness by using 743 valid questionnaires in Ningbo City，Zhejiang Province，and reveals the influencing factors of urban youth’s fertility willingness empirically.The results show that behavior attitude plays a decisive role in urban youth’s fertility intention，and perceived behavior control has a significant positive impact on fertility intention.Material support has a decisive positive effect on behavior attitude，but a significant negative effect on perceived behavior control.Social network support has a positive effect on perceived behavior control，but negatively on behavior attitude.

Key words：fertility intention； urban youth； the theory of planned behavior； influencing factors；structural equation model

The Proletariat Will Surely Fulfill Its Historic Mission——Criticism of Harali’s “Useless Class” Theory

（87）

Yan Lianfu，Zhao Ying，Cheng Cheng

（College of Marxism，Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049）

Abstract：In entering the era of artificial intelligence，our lives have been turned upside down.Yuval Noah Harari，a world’s leading new historian，offers his own answer to the question of how these changes affected the proletariat，which is the main force of the communist revolution.He believes that with the development of artificial intelligence，the result of the proletariat is to become a “useless class”.Although on a certain level，Harari’s description of artificial intelligence and the general outline of the future world predicts the fate of mankind in the era of artificial intelligence，there are three problems in this theory that cannot be ignored.The first is that what is the ultimate pursuit of human beings？ The second is whether the“useless class” that appears when artificial intelligence has reached a certain stage is the same concept as Marx’s “surplus population”.The third is that Harali’s theory lacks the perspective of historical materialism and ignores the Marxist theory of “two ineluctable”.Therefore，Harari’s theory of “useless class” is a wrong theory full of nihilism，to reveal this，we need to think about this issue from the perspective of Marxism and refute Harari’s “useless class” theory，to point out the truth that the “proletariat” will complete its historical mission，and put forward new requirements for the proletarian revolution in the era of artificial intelligence.First，the era of artificial intelligence requires proletarian organizations to be more inclusive and united.Second，this era also requires the proletariat to establish a networked party organization.Finally，in order to adapt to the development of the artificial intelligence era，the proletarian movement should make a plan to connect the past with the future.

Key words：artificial intelligence； useless class； proletariat； historical mission

On Heidegger’s Humanitarian Interpretation of Marx——Analysis based on Historical Materialism

（93）

Hao Jisong

（Department of Philosophy，Zhejiang Institute of Administration，Hangzhou 311121）

Abstract：Heidegger believes that man is trapped in the destiny of Ge-stell，and this crisis of modernity is rooted in the tradition of humanitarianism.Therefore，it is necessary to criticize the humanitarianism of philosophy.Although Marx went deep into “an essential dimension of history”，his historical materialism is still a kind of humanitarianism that obstructs the existence，which still contains the danger of self destruction.Heidegger’s “identification” is actually a misreading of historical materialism.In terms of transcending the strong philosophical consciousness of traditional metaphysics，upholding and pursuing the meaning of existence，Marx and Heidegger are not far apart.However，just as Heidegger rejected the priority of human being because of the clarity of existence，abandoning human subjectivity also restricted his realistic road to existence，and finally fell into a kind of “quiet observation” and “waiting”.The root of the problem of modernity lies in the insufficient concern and thinking about human beings.So the key is not to put on a humanitarian “hat”，but on what basis humanitarian discourse.Based on the more basic “realistic historical material conditions” and thorough historical consciousness and transcendental consciousness，Marx realized the transcendence of the humanitarian tradition.It is in the process of analyzing the real society that Marx reveals the historical dimension of human existence and expounds the premise of transcending the capital logic and realizing human freedom and liberation through the analysis of capitalist society.This is also the answer to Heidegger’s mystery of transcending technology Ge-stell.

Key words：Marx； Heidegger； humanitarianism； historical materialism

Change of the Concept of Gentleman：Early Transmutation of Personality of Chinese Gentleman

（100）

Wang Guoyu

（College of Marxism，Communication University of Zhejiang，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：The relationship between Virtue and Status is the key to examining the birth and early change of Chinese gentleman’s per sonality.Born out of Dynasty Zhou’s ritual and music civilization，a gentleman was originally both a distingue person with “Status” and a noble-minded person who worships“Virtue”.With an early Dynasty Zhou’s concept of only a man with moral integrity deserving providence of God and awareness of unexpected development，a gentleman continued his self-discipline and selfimprovement by commending and extolling Virtue.Arguably，a gentleman in West Zhou Dynasty was born with morals； his spirit，manner，and style presented by the elegance of bearing and moral excellence，and his self-expectation as the parents of the people，laid the basic character of gentleman’s personality in later generations.However，during the Spring and Autumn Period，expansion of the scope of gentleman and intensification of social mobility weakened the social class implication of gentleman while highlighting the significance of moral quality，leading to Virtue becoming estranged from Status.By the late Spring and Autumn，the conception of gentleman had changed，from a natural connection of Virtue and Status to a rational self-awareness of moral quality.Confucius，one of the commons，and Confucianism preferred new gentleman，whose ideal personality，embodying the value pursuit of the early Confucians，was expected to seek Status by Virtue.The notions，such as self-cultivation making the people comfortable and a good scholar being an official，outlined the basic face of the New Confucian gentleman，which profoundly shaped the model of the personality of gentleman in later generations.

Key words：personality of gentleman； relationship of virtue and status； early Confucianism

The Thought of Three Religions in One in the Late Ming Dynasty and Sitting in Meditation Practice of the Scholars in Shaoxing——An Investigation Centered on Qi Biaojia’s Diary

（108）

Zhang Tianjie

（School of Public Administration，Hangzhou Normal University，Hangzhou 311121）

Abstract：Qi Biaojia，a scholar in Shaoxing in the late Ming Dynasty，was an important member of Zhengrenshe of Yangming School.He often held an assembly for seven days of meditation with his friends，who always gathered in Baimashan House.He also sat in meditation in Yushan or Yunmen Temple.Therefore，Qi Biaojia’s Diary has become a rare case to study him and the scholars in Shaoxing.Their meditation behavior was influenced by Yangming School and the thought of three religions in one，so they adopted the method of Buddha and Tao in form.Their purpose was correcting their mistakes，the same as keeping a selfcultivation diary，releasing animals，relieving disasters，etc.What he discussed most with his friends was the cultivation methods of Yangming School.

Key words：Qi Biaojia’s Diary； in the Late Ming Dynasty； meditation behavior； three religions in one； Zhengrenshe； Yuezhong scholars

On the Historicization of Contemporary Literature

（118）

Cheng Guangwei

（School of Liberal Arts，Renmin University of China，Beijing 100872）

Abstract：After twenty years of exploratory discussion，the concept of historicization of contemporary literature is gradually accepted by the academic community.However，in the course of its progress，people’s views are not the same，and sometimes cause some unnecessary misunderstanding and doubt.This situation，just shows that the discipline of contemporary literature and stability，really need to upgrade to a more rational and theoretical level.This paper briefly reviews this process and points out that the more arduous task of historicization is to salvage the historical materials of contemporary literature and to do the construction of the historical materials of contemporary literature.

Key words：historicization； historical stability； rescue of historical materials； discipline self-discipline

Between Disciplinarization and Deconstruction——The Antinomies of Contemporary Literary Archival Research

（124）

Huang Ping

（Department of Chinese Languages and Literature，East China Normal University，Shanghai 200062）

Abstract：The dissertation discusses the changes in the conceptual categories and research methods of“criticalization” and “historicization” in the context of the “composition association system” and the “academy system”.The paper discusses the changes in the conceptual categories and research methods of the two groups.On the basis of summarizing the advantages of “historicization”，the thesis also draws on Heidegger’s theory to point out the need for a deeper understanding of “disciplinarity” and “scientification” and to be wary of the scientism behind historical work.The paper also draws on theories such as Heidegger’s to point out the need for a deeper understanding of “disciplinization” and “scientification” and the need to be wary of the scientism behind historical work as a means of unifying humanities research.On this basis，the thesis distinguishes three interrelated concepts，namely，“returning to the 1980s，” historicization，and historical research.The thesis argues that “returning to the 1980s” is the awareness of the problem，historicization is the research method，and historical materials are the basis of research.The thesis concludes with an attempt to point out the need for “historical ideas” and “historical materials with ideas” by discussing the case of historical materials at the origin stage of new period literature.

Key words：academy system； “returning to the 1980s”； historicization； archival research

As the Basic Point of Historicization——Investigation on the Pedigree of Historical Materials in Contemporary Literature and Related Problems and Methods

（130）

Huang Yaqing

（School of Humanities，Zhejiang University of Technology，Hangzhou 310023）

Abstract：The historicization of contemporary literature continues to advance，and the basic role of historical materials is highlighted.Due to the complex connection with the culture and technology of the times，the forms of historical materials tend to be diversified.In the more contemporary scene of interlocking characters，sounds，images and digital symbols，three kinds of historical materials and their problems in the pedigrees are combed and emphatically investigated.Through the construction of “stratification” and integrity，the combination of micro-investigation and macro-vision，and the establishment of new research and treatment norms，the basic character of historical materials are enhanced to strengthen the historical foundation and promote the stability of discipline identity.

Key words：Historicization； the pedigree of historical materials； problems； methods

Constitutional Construction Practice of Tang Shouqian （1911-1917）

（137）

Wang Linmao

（Department of History，Zhejiang University，Hangzhou 310058）

Abstract：Previous studies on Tang Shouqian rarely focus on ideological and political activities performed by him since 1911 till his death.However，during this period，Tang Shouqian practiced constitutional ideas represented by Warnings and Ancient Connotations of Constitution，turned from pinning his hope on the royal reform to engagement in the “Revolutionary Trend” and finally got disappointed and quitted.It is an important part in the comprehensive research on Tang Shouqian，and during this historical period，Tang Shouqian could be taken as a typical case witnessing how Chinese constitutional ideas and activities gradually declined from prosperity.

Key words：Tang Shouqian； constitutional ideas； constitutional practice； constitutional orders

VR in Education and Its Reform

（144）

Lan Yueyun，Liang shuai

（1.College of Humanities and Arts； 2.Dean’s office，Zhejiang Financial College，Hangzhou 310018）

Abstract：“VR + education”，as an education form supported by technology，is a new education paradigm after the deep integration of virtual reality technology and the internal elements of education system.Through the construction of “immersive” learning scene and “upgraded” online education，VR technology has been widely used in the field of education，which fully enables the transformation of curriculum resources，teaching paradigm，teaching relationship，organizational form and other elements of the education system.In the future，VR + education，which integrates immersion，interaction and imagination，will have a profound impact on the traditional learning environment，teaching methods and practical teaching.

Key words：VR + education； innovation； application； empowerment； impact of reform

Freedom，Good Governance，and Global Order——Reflections on Western Regimes from a Confucian Political Perspective

（148）

Bai Tongdong

（School of Philosophy，Fudan University，Shanghai 200433）