Module 5 Cloning
2021-03-26
本模块知識网络
clone v. 克隆
terrify v. 使惊恐，使受惊吓
murder v. 谋杀
refuse v. 拒绝
breathe v. 呼吸
rush v. 冲，猛冲
cure v. 治愈
insert v. 植入，插入
resist v. 抵抗
sow v. 播种
analyse v. 分析
spit v. 吐出（唾液）
accompany v. 陪伴，陪同
absorb v. 吸收
arise v. （问题、困难等）发生，出现
wing n. 翅膀
fear n. 害怕，恐惧
head n. 头目，领导
bacteria n. 细菌
tissue n. （生理）组织
component n. 成分
pea n. 豌豆
procedure n. 程序
vice n. 缺点，弱点
virtue n. 道德上的优点，善行
regulation n. 法规，条例
rot n. （细菌引起的）腐败病，腐蚀病
pest n. 害虫
suspect n. 嫌疑人
fingernail n. 手指甲
violence n. 暴力
beneficial adj. 有益的，有用的
acid adj. 酸（性）的
transparent adj. 透明的
fundamental adj. 基本的，不可或缺的，重要的
controversial adj. 有争议的
valid adj. 有确实根据的，有效的
optional adj. 可选择的
contradictory adj. 互相矛盾的，相反的，对立的
flexible adj. 易适应的
compulsory adj. 强制的，强迫的
handy adj. 方便的，便利的
burn out （火）燃尽，烧完自灭
contrast with 与……形成对照
throw oneself on... 扑倒在……上
make a sound 发出声音
again and again 一再，屡次
by mistake 错误地
treat... as 把……当成……对待
（be） identical to 和……一样，与……一致
as follows 如下
knock out 摧毁
get out of control 摆脱控制
as far as we know 据我们所知
break down 分解
vice versa 反过来也一样，反之亦然
bring... back to life 使……复活
拓展词汇
disgust v. 使觉得恶心;使厌烦
nonsense n. 胡说八道，胡扯
imaginary adj. 假想的，虚构的
reproduce v. 复制，使再现
词汇短语园地
1. terrify v. 使惊恐，使受惊吓
The thunderstorm terrified the child.
雷雨把那个小孩吓坏了。
His terrifying stories terrified these girls.
他讲的恐怖故事吓坏了这些女孩子。
terrified adj. 非常害怕的，恐惧的
be terrified of sth/doing sth 惧怕某事/做某事
He is terrified of speaking English in class.
他害怕在课堂上讲英语。
2. refuse v. 拒绝，回绝
We asked him to come， but he refused.
我们叫他来，可是他拒绝了。
refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事
He refused to come to the meeting.
他拒绝来参加会议。
3. fear n. 害怕，恐惧
（1）当fear作名词意为“恐惧”时，多为不可数名词。
His voice shook with fear.
他害怕得声音发抖。
（2）当fear作名词意为“忧虑;担心的事”时，为可数名词。
There is no reason for your fears.
你没有理由担心。
for fear of （由于怕）以防……
Shut the window for fear of catching a cold.
关闭窗户以免感冒。
in fear of 担心/害怕……
The thief passed the day in fear of being discovered.
这个小偷整天提心吊胆害怕被发现。
4. cure v. 治愈，治好（病人或动物）;治好（疾病）
Penicillin cured him of pneumonia.
青霉素治愈了他的肺炎。
比較：cure和heal的区别
（1）cure一般用于疾病方面的治愈;除了人或动物的疾病，cure也可用于其他能够“出毛病”的事或物。
TB is a serious illness， but it can be cured.
肺结核虽然是一种严重的疾病，但是可以治愈。
I finally managed to cure the rattling noise in my car.
我最终设法解决了我的汽车发出的咯咯响声。
（2）heal也表示“治愈，复原”之意，但多半用在外伤伤口的治愈;heal也用在精神上的“医治”。
The cut will soon heal up/heal over.
伤口很快就会愈合。
Time heals all sorrows.
时间可以治愈一切忧伤。
5. resist v. 抵抗，反抗;抗拒;忍耐，忍住
（1）resist表示“抵抗，反抗;抗拒”时，既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。
The nation was unable to resist the invasion.
该国无力抵抗侵略。
If the enemy continues to resist， wipe them out.
如果敌人继续抵抗，就把他们消灭掉。
（2）resist表示“抵挡;保持原状;不受……伤害;抗酸，耐热”等时为及物动词，后面通常接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.
银行强烈反对降低利率。
This special coating is designed to resist rust.
这一特别的涂层旨在抗锈。
（3）resist表示“忍耐，忍受”时作及物动词，常用于否定句，可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，也可作不及物动词。
I couldnt resist the temptation to tease Ollie.
我忍不住要逗奥利玩。
I couldnt resist telling him the secret.
我克制不住只得把秘密告诉了他。
6. accompany v. 陪伴，陪同;附有;伴奏
Who will accompany you to the airport？
谁将陪你去机场？
The well-known singer was accompanied at the electronic organ by his primary school teacher.
那位著名歌唱家的小学老师用电子风琴为他伴奏。
7. absorb v. 吸收（液体，气体，光，声等）;汲
取，理解（知识等）;使全神贯注，吸引（注意
等）;合并（公司等），吞并;承受，经受
Cotton gloves absorb sweat.
棉手套吸汗。
So many good ideas！ Its too much for me to absorb all at once.
这么多好主意！太多了，我很难一下子完全吸收。
The old man was utterly absorbed in the book.
老人全神贯注地读这本书。
Small businesses are absorbed by big ones.
小公司被大公司吞并了。
She wont be able to absorb another heavy blow.
她無力承受再一次的沉重打击。
8. arise v. （问题、困难等）发生，出现;升起，
上升
Between the copartners serious disagreements arose.
合伙人之间产生了严重分歧。
Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.
在他们进行实验的过程中，出现了意想不到的困难。
A heavy mist arose from the lake.
湖面起了浓雾。
9. burn out （火）燃尽，烧完自灭;烧掉（家、
店、财产等）;烧坏（电灯泡、电器）;（怒气
等）消失;（因工作过度等）垮下，筋疲力尽
The fire had burnt （itself） out before the fire engines arrived.
消防车到达之前火就熄灭了。
The fire burned out his shop and left him deep in debt.
火烧掉了他的商店，使他负债累累。
The electric light bulb burned out.
电灯泡烧坏了。
Their anger seems to have burned out.
他们的愤怒似乎已经平息了。
Youll burn yourself out if you go on working at this rate.
如果你继续这样工作下去，你的身体会垮掉的。
10. by mistake 错误地
Ive poured coffee into your cup by mistake.
我错把咖啡倒在你的杯子里了。
Tom must have taken your dictionary by mistake.
汤姆一定是弄错了才拿了你的字典。
11. treat... as 把……当成……对待
Do not treat this serious matter as a joke.
不要把这件严肃的事情当作笑料。
He was treated as a hero on his release from prison.
他获释出狱时被当成英雄看待。
12. （be） identical to 和……一样，与……一致
Your appearance is identical to hers.
你的相貌和她一模一样。
This picture is identical to the one my mother has.
这张照片和我母亲的那张一模一样。
13. knock out 摧毁;击昏;从比赛中排除;磕干
净;使震惊，使惊得发呆;使（某人）疲劳，
使（某人）累垮;尽最大努力，竭尽全力
The telephone communications were knocked out by the storm.
电话线被风暴摧毁了。
He received a blow on the head which knocked him out.
他头上被打了一拳就昏倒了。
He has now knocked out most of the other competitors.
他现在已经压倒了大多数竞赛对手。
After knocking out his pipe， the old man went on with his story.
老人把烟斗里的烟灰磕干净后继续讲故事。
The beautiful scenery really knocks me out.
这美丽的景色简直把我给迷住了。
He knocked himself out with excessive work.
他工作过度，把身体累垮了。
He knocked himself out cramming for the exams.
他正竭盡全力赶功课准备应试。
14. get out of control 摆脱控制;无法管理
The noise frightened the horse and it got out of control.
马被响声惊着了而无法控制。
The carriage got out of control and ran over a pedestrian.
那辆马车失去了控制，碾过一个行人。
be in control （of sth） 掌管;管理;控制
be under control 被控制住;处于控制之下
bring/get/keep sth under control 控制;抑制
lose control （of ） 失去控制
take control of 掌控
15. break down 分解
Water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.
水可以分解为氢和氧。
The population breaks down into three main groups.
人口可分成三个主要的族群。
16. as far as we know 据我们所知
As far as we know， the earth is the only planet with life on it.
就我们所知，地球是唯一的有生命存在的行星。
As far as we know， no one has ever gotten sick by eating infected mutton.
正如我们所了解的那样，没有一个人因吃染病的羊肉而得病。
跟踪导练（一）
A
Whats On？
Happy Reunion
July 17—27 （not on Saturdays and Sundays）， 7：30 pm， PG Theater
Presented by theater director Li Tsung-Hsi， Across the Sea to See You tells a story of a couple who have a touching reunion after years of separation on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait. Li says the idea of the drama comes from the story of his grandmother. She reunited with her sister when cross-strait relations became warmer. Following the performances in Shanghai， it will tour around China.
Post-war Art in Rome
August 7—27 （closed on Mondays）， 10 am—8 pm， Prada Rong Zhai
Over 30 paintings and sculptures by Italian artists including Carla Accardi and Afro Basaldella are on display in the “Roma 1950—1965” exhibition at Prada Rong Zhai. The exhibition explores the cultural and art scene that developed in Rome after World WarⅡ.
Storage Memory
July 8—18， 11 am—7 pm， Power Station of Art
The solo exhibition of works by French artist Christian Boltanski aims to inspire emotional connections through a series of videos， sounds and shadow theater. Boltanski has had a far-reaching influence on the development of contemporary art in Europe.
Traditional Operas
August 20， 7：15 pm， STA Experimental Theater
Classic excerpts （节选） from The Palace of Eternal Youth and The Orphan of Zhao will be performed in memory of Peking and Kunqu Opera artist Yu Zhenfei. Performers include Peking Opera artist Shang Changrong and Kunqu Opera artist Cai Zhengren.
1. What can we learn about the drama Across the Sea to See You？
A. It tells a true story.
B. It stars a theater director.
C. Itll be performed at weekends.
D. Itll be performed in different cities.
2. Whose works show Roman culture after World WarⅡ？
A. Yu Zhenfeis. B. Li Tsung-Hsis.
C. Afro Basaldellas. D. Christian Boltanskis.
3. Where can people fond of Chinese operas have a great time？
A. PG Theater. B. Prada Rong Zhai.
C. Power Station of Art. D. STA Experimental Theater.
B
During the Christmas shopping rush in London， the interesting story was reported of a tramp （流浪漢） who， obviously though no fault of his own， found himself locked in a well-known chain store late on Christmas Eve. No doubt the store was crowded with last-minute Christmas shoppers and the staff were dead beat and wanting to get home. Probably all the proper safety checks were made before the store was locked and they left to enjoy the three-day holiday untroubled by customers anxious to get last-minute Christmas presents.
However ridiculous that may be， the tramp found himself alone in the store and decided to make the best of it. There was food， drink， bedding and camping equipment， of which he made good use. There must also have been television sets and radios. Though it was not reported if he took advantage of these facilities， when the shop reopened he was discovered in bed with a large number of empty bottles beside him. He seemed to have been a man of good humor as indeed tramps very commonly are.
Everyone else was enjoying Christmas， so he saw no good reason why he should not do the same. He yielded （屈服） himself cheerfully， and was taken by the police. Perhaps he had had a better Christmas than usual. He was sent to prison for seven days. The judge awarded no compensation （赔偿） to the chain store for the goods the tramp had used. They had， in his opinion， already received valuable free advertisement from the story revealed in the newspaper and on television. Perhaps the judge had had a good Christmas， too.
4. The tramp was locked in the store ___ .
A. for 7 days B. on purpose
C. by accident D. for safety reasons
5. What does the underlined phrase “dead beat” probably mean？
A. Angry. B. Exhausted.
C. Forgetful. D. Careless.
6. When he was arrested， the tramp ___ .
A. was drunk B. made no resistance
C. felt himself wronged D. was confused
7. Why did the judge award no compensation to the chain store？
A. The tramp was penniless.
B. The tramp had stolen nothing of value.
C. The store was responsible for what happened.
D. The report of the event benefited the store a lot.
C
Sleep is essential for a persons well-being （健康）. Researchers have found that sleep loss increases a persons risk of developing serious medical conditions. Now， a new study has found that getting enough sleep is also the key to improving academic performance.
Jeffrey Grossman， who led the research， was not trying to find the connection between sleep and grades when he handed out Fitbits to the students in his class. Instead， the professor hoped the wrist-worn electronic device （裝置）， which tracks a persons activity 24/7， would show a connection between physical exercise and academic achievement.
Much to Grossmans surprise， they found no measurable difference in test performance between the group that had been physically active and the group that had not. Going through the large amount of data， Grossman noticed an interesting trend （走向） from the participants sleep patterns. There was a straight-line relationship between the average amount of sleep and his/her grade on the exams.
Besides， it was not enough for students to just head to bed early the night before a test. Grossman says， “It turns out this does not relate at all to test performance. Instead， its the sleep you get during the days when learning is happening that matters most.”
The time students went to bed each night was similarly important. Those who went to bed in the early hours of the morning performed poorly， even if the total sleep time was the same as a higher-performing student.
The research does not prove that sleep is the only component that helps improve academic performance. However， Grossman says the results are a strong indication that sleep really matters. Who knew getting As just required some extra ZZZs？
8. What was Grossmans original purpose by using Fitbits in the
research？
A. To improve students sleep patterns.
B. To regulate students daily behavior.
C. To monitor students physical condition.
D. To find effects of physical exercise on grades.
9. What did Grossman think of the research result？
A. Its unreliable. B. Its fruitless.
C. Its unexpected. D. Its changeable.
10. What plays a more important part in test performance？
A. A regular bedtime.
B. Sleep in the learning stage.
C. Average amount of sleep during tests.
D. Sleep quality the night before the test.
11. What should be the best title for the text？
A. Be Physically Active and Sleep More
B. Enough Sleep Benefits Our Well-being
C. Catch ZZZs for Good Test Performance
D. The More Exercise， the Better Schoolwork
D
Green tree ants are important builders in the rainforest. The native forest of Thala Beach Nature Reserve is the natural home of these insects.
They climb all over the tree that contains their nest and protect it from enemies with great fierceness. The ants are often in the fruit trees of Tropical North Queensland. When an animal tries to help themselves to some tasty fruit， they find themselves attacked by a powerful， frightening army of green tree ants！ Their bite is not very painful but many ants attacking at the same time can be extremely uncomfortable.
The nests are large and constructed by sticking the leaves at the end of branches together to create a home looking roughly like a globe. Most of the nest construction and weaving （編织） is conducted at night. A mature colony of green tree ants can hold as many as 100，000 to 500，000 workers and may include as many as 12 trees and contain as many as 150 nests.
However， the ants are so busy that they fail to spot a dishonest figure. There is a spider called the Salticid spider， or the jumping spider， as they are sometimes referred to， which has excellent eyesight and is only active during daylight， weaving a protective covering of silk to spend the night in. Interestingly， the Salticid spider does not look like a green tree ant. Instead， it chemically copies green tree ants smell. Effectively pretending to be an ant， it goes into the green tree ants nest， enters the nursery and feasts on their babies. Green tree ants dont have good eyesight and smell everything with their antennae （two long thin parts on an ants head）. Therefore， the ants think the spider is another ant and ignore its presence within the nest.
12. What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about green tree ants？
A. They leave painful bites.
B. They have good defenses.
C. They often start wars for food.
D. They like tasty fruit very much.
13. What is special about the green tree ants nest？
A. It is made of leaves.
B. It is reconstructed yearly.
C. It takes years to build one.
D. It can hold up to 500，000 ants.
14. Why do green tree ants regard the Salticid spider as another ant？
A. It looks like them.
B. It has a similar smell.
C. It can make familiar sounds.
D. It can communicate with them.
15. What can we learn about the Salticid spider？
A. It is harmful to fruit trees.
B. It protects the green tree ants.
C. It is the green tree ants enemy.
D. It helps the green tree ants build nests.
Does meeting new people make you nervous？ If so， you are not alone. But making a good first impression isnt as hard as you might think. It just involves a few simple choices.
Look your best.
But you dont need to look like a model to make a good impression. You just need to take care of yourself. Make sure your clothing is clean， not wrinkled and appropriate for the situation.
Stand tall.
The way you stand， sit and move tells others a lot about you. Standing up straight makes you look and feel confident. When you approach someone， make eye contact and smile to show youre friendly and interested.
Speak up.
Speak loudly and clearly enough so that people dont have to struggle to hear you. If you dont know what to say， ask questions. When people are talking， pay attention to what theyre saying rather than planning what youll say next. And if youre not sure what they mean， ask！
Value people.
Most importantly， show people you care. Your concerns for them will be obvious if you smile and listen carefully. Dont keep them waiting. Everyone you meet is important. So make eye contact， smile and greet them. Theyll appreciate it and others may be watching.
A. Respect other peoples time， too.
B. And remember， you are important， too.
C. Then greet them with a firm handshake.
D. Most people enjoy talking about themselves.
E. Dont forget little things like brushing your teeth.
F. Obviously your appearance influences peoples impression
of you.
G. One survey suggested blue or black clothes is best for
job interview.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Thirteen years ago， I fell in love with a white ball of fur that wagged its tail at me. I was about to1a steady （穩定的） job to follow my dream of becoming a travel2 ， which would possibly make my life harder—not to mention3an animal that would need care during my long absence. But I never gave it a second4 . She had me at the first wag.
Layla was good at5her displeasure with her body language every time I left. But her6at my departures （离开） was more than compensated for by our reunions. And when I sat to write my7 ， she would settle herself next to my desk. I would8to her what Id written and she would cock her head or wag her tail in9 . Of course she didnt10what I was writing. But this exercise with her was my means of self-editing. This helped11what I put on the page. Having such a ready and12audience made me a better writer. Giving a13to Layla in this process turned a task into a joy.
I have no words to describe the14that connected me so15to her. Like many old friends， she and I16much over the years， and Im so17to her. Whatever success Ive had as a travel writer， I18her listening to me and being at my side.
It does not19if she never understood a word I said. She was my travel partner and will20be.
1. A. begin B. apply for C. leave D. search for
2. A. expert B. agent C. guide D. writer
3. A. catching B. keeping C. training D. choosing
4. A. thought B. chance C. look D. way
5. A. resisting B. controlling C. expressing D. relieving
6. A. satisfaction B. disappointment
C. astonishment D. embarrassment
7. A. stories B. letters C. papers D. reports
8. A. display B. analyze C. read D. explain
9. A. doubt B. return C. advance D. response
10. A. recognize B. understand C. remember D. notice
11. A. shape B. show C. support D. introduce
12. A. popular B. creative C. patient D. honest
13. A. voice B. lesson C. hand D. break
14. A. trick B. ownership C. hobby D. bond
15. A. obviously B. closely C. directly D. completely
16. A. changed B. learned C. shared D. suffered
17. A. friendly B. grateful C. respectful D. polite
18. A. appreciate B. imagine C. admit D. miss
19. A. help B. hurt C. work D. matter
20. A. frequently B. sometimes C. usually D. always
下列各句均有1个错误，请改正。
1. We spoke quietly with fear of waking up the baby. ____
2. It is interesting to contrast with the two writers. ____
3. It never occurred me that he would refuse. ____
4. It was at the airport where I picked up Mary this afternoon.
____
5. This plane has got out control. ____
1. 小時候，老师常常告诉我们要努力学习。（used to）
2. 飞机失控，坠入了大海。（get out of control）
3. 我们的制度与他们的相比，显得过于守旧了。（in contrast with）
4. 他无言地注视着母亲，他已经很久没见过她了。（make a sound）
5. 我害怕一个人睡觉。（be terrified of）
跟踪导练（二）
A
From the Bahamas to Amsterdam， we have several most appealing summer vacation spots for you to choose from.
The Bahamas
While there is a risk of getting rained on during hurricane season， June generally sees mild weather， fewer crowds and significantly lower prices. While some resorts （度假胜地） in the Out Islands may close， New Providence and Paradise Island remain open year-round. Its a good choice for families looking for a taste of relaxing island living.
Mackinac Island， MI
Mackinac Island comes alive on summer weekends. Most of its roughly 4 square miles is parkland， suitable for hiking and cycling. Be sure to take in the beautiful architecture―Victorian cottages that date back to just after the Civil War. You can have a taste of times gone by; cars were banned more than a hundred years ago， and horse-drawn carriages （马车） are still used to get around today.
Ocean City， MD
This East Coast beach town is best known for its boardwalk， which is known for old-school amusement rides. Cycling in the town is also a great pleasure. Grab your wallets and feast on hard-shelled crabs at Hoopers crab house or drink in the sunset with a local beer in hand from Fagers Island Restaurant & Bars large bayfront decks. Parking is free with your consuming receipt.
Amsterdam
Summer is the ideal time to visit this city. The gray skies have lifted， festivals abound and events to enjoy include the Open Garden Days. You can experience urban adventure， crossing Amsterdams thousands of bridges and waterways by bike and by boat in search of the perfect brown cafe.
1. Where could you go to enjoy a bit of history？
A. The Bahamas. B. Mackinac Island， MI.
C. Ocean City， MD. D. Amsterdam.
2. What do Mackinac Island， MI and Ocean City， MD have in
common？
A. They have snacks to offer.
B. They provide free parking.
C. They are suitable for cycling.
D. They have ancient tourist spots.
3. What can you experience in Amsterdam？
A. Eating seafood in the sunset.
B. Riding horse-drawn carriages.
C. Exploring waterways in a boat.
D. Enjoying life on islands with family.
B
Cruz Genet， 11， and Anthony Skopick， 10， couldnt agree. Were the birds out on the ice ducks or geese？ So on a cold January evening last year， the two friends ventured （冒險） onto the frozen pond near their homes in Frankfort， Illinois， to get a better look. First， they threw a rock onto the ice to test it. Then they stepped on it. Convinced the ice would hold their weight， Anthony took a few steps， but then he fell through the seemingly frozen surface.
Cruz rushed to help his panicked friend. However， the pond swallowed him， too. Cruz managed to lift himself out of the extremely cold water and onto a more solid section. He then gingerly worked his way toward Anthony. But the ice didnt hold， and he fell in again. This time， he couldnt get out.
The boys were up to their necks in icy water and quickly losing feeling. Any chance of their freeing themselves was slipping away. Cruz was sure that he was going to die.
Anthonys older sister had seen the boys fall through the ice and started screaming （尖叫）， wishing someone to save them.
John Lavin， a neighbor driving nearby on his way to the grocery store， heard her. He quickly pulled over. Seeing the boys， he grabbed a nearby buoy （救生圈）， kicked off his shoes， and ran into the cold water， struggling his way through the ice. Lavin made his way to Cruz and Anthony and pulled them back to land.
The boys were taken to the hospital， where doctors discovered that their five-minute stay in the water had lowered their body temperature nearly ten degrees. Fortunately， they have fully recovered， though they are still a little amazed by their fearless neighbor. “Just to think，” says Cruz， “if he hadnt been there， I could have died.”
4. Why did the boys venture onto the frozen pond？
A. To have a better look at the pond.
B. To catch the birds in the pond with rocks.
C. To find out what the birds on the ice were.
D. To test the thickness of the ice in the pond.
5. What does the underlined word “gingerly” in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A. Firmly. B. Proudly.
C. Casually. D. Cautiously.
6. What drew John Lavins attention to the boys？
A. Anthonys older sisters cry for help.
B. Cruzs loud and frightening scream.
C. Their neighbors pulling them back.
D. Their shoes along the nearby pond.
7. What words can best describe John Lavin？
A. Curious and selfless.
B. Active and generous.
C. Hard-working and helpful.
D. Warm-hearted and courageous.
C
In the middle of the 20th century people were worried about whales. The number of whales killed worldwide came up to 66，000 per year. However， people werent worried about the whale as an endangered animal. Instead， they were worried about the whale industry， which would disappear if there were no whales. In 1946， the International Whaling Commission was established. It limited the whale hunting for every country and controlled the whale industry. They set a worldwide law against hunting whales with only two exceptions： the hunt for scientific research and “aboriginal whaling”. Aboriginal whaling allows some countries to hunt a limited number of whales because it is a part of their culture. Some countries dont care about the law; they make excuses to hunt whales and sell the products. They only care about the money.
Many fishermen complain that dolphins， also a kind of whale， steal their fish. Therefore， they kill thousands of them. In reality there are so many fishermen who steal the fish from each other. Some whale hunters say that they catch the animals for scientists. They have to research what whales are eating. For that， they kill them and look into their stomach. The truth is that they only want to sell the meat. Today scientists want to observe live whales for their research.
Many whale families are not protected and thousands of them are killed. The pollution of the oceans increases fast. Many whales get sick and die. The human being has killed 90%—95% of many whale families. Others are already extinct.
Today some international organizations try to protect whales. They make reports to explain how important and endangered whales are. Now people are becoming more interested in whales and a completely new industry has developed， whale watching， which you may want to learn about.
8. In the middle of the 20th century people worried that ___ .
A. the whale industry would disappear
B. the whale would become an endangered animal
C. more whales would be killed worldwide per year
D. the law against hunting whales would come into effect
9. Why is aboriginal whaling allowed in some countries？
A. They care about money.
B. It is a part of the culture.
C. They live on hunting whales.
D. There are many whales in the countries.
10. Why do many fishermen complain about dolphins？
A. Dolphins steal their fish.
B. There are so few dolphins for them to hunt.
C. They want to make an excuse for killing dolphins.
D. People have misunderstood their purpose of hunting dolphins.
11. What will the writer most probably talk about next？
A. Whale families. B. Whale hunters.
C. Whale hunting. D. Whale watching.
D
Have you ever wished you could see in the dark as well as an animal？ In action movies， we often see characters wearing special glasses that reveal things that cant be seen in darkness. Everything looks green， but we can see the shapes and outlines clearly. As a matter of fact， this is somewhat similar to the way animals night vision （視力） works.
You may have noticed eyeshine in pictures of animals， or seen it for yourself when light hits an animals eyes. Dogs， cats， and many other animals have tissue called the tapetum lucidum （光神经纤维层） in each eye. The purpose of this tissue is to reflect light deeper into the eye. For many animals， it leads to their excellent night vision， and it helps them hunt.
Different types of animals have different colors of eyeshine. The light reflecting back from the eyes of dogs and cats is likely to be yellow. Rats and birds usually have eyes that shine red. Other animals eyes may reflect white， yellow， green， or pink light. In each case， the color is related to the type of cells that make up the tapetum lucidum， as well as the chemicals inside the cells.
Eyeshine has the function of improving animals night vision， but humans have found other uses for it. For example， when people are searching for certain types of animals， their eyeshine may be helpful in recognizing or discovering them. Also， eyeshine has inspired humans to invent substance that reflects light at night. Strips containing this substance are used to warn us of safety risks such as raised parts of roads. Even though humans cannot see so well at night， we have still found ways to benefit from this amazing animal feature.
12. How does the tapetum lucidum help animals night vision？
A. It sends out light in the dark.
B. It makes everything appear green.
C. It reflects light back into the eyes.
D. It enables their eyes to change colors.
13. How does the writer develop Paragraph 3？
A. By providing reasons. B. By giving examples.
C. By following space order. D. By doing scientific tests.
14. What can we learn about scientists research on eyeshine？
A. Theyve put it to practical uses.
B. Theyre using it to protect some animals.
C. Theyre trying to include more animal types.
D. Theyve invented special glasses based on it.
15. What is the text mainly about？
A. How animals night vision helps them hunt.
B. Different colors of animals eyes.
C. How animals see in the dark.
D. Eyeshine and its benefits.
When our dog， Angel Michelle， was diagnosed with bone cancer in June of 2016， my family was shocked. She was only eight years old， and1the slight injury on her right knee， she looked and behaved normally.
Angel had always been a healthy dog， though sometimes a bit2about loud noises. From the time she was a puppy we were careful not to shout at one another because we might3the dog， which proves that pets help us treat others4 .
While watching our lovely Angel5one morning， I suddenly realized that I had learned more about life from my dog than any human could have taught me. She slept6 ， with peaceful breath. Suddenly her legs started moving against my feet. I was sure Angel dreamed she was7down one of the many roads we had taken her on before her cancer days.8she was swimming in the lakes we had taken her to. I9a very happy， peaceful dog at that moment. All the10we had with her were priceless gifts that she could11endlessly in her mind， despite her12that made her feel the pain.
I also13we had done things right for her， and our children took the14out of their busy lives to build lots of wonderful memories with her. These memories will surely benefit us when we too are at an age when15disabilities might happen to us.
I no longer cry over how Angel isnt expected to live past Christmas. She has reminded me over and over how16her life has been， and that its enough for her to just lie at my17 ， enjoying quality time.
Ill never18the day we had to increase Angel Michelles pain medication because she was having a “bad cancer day”. She19out and licked （舔） my cheek， looking up at me with20that told me， “I know youre doing everything you can for me. And its enough.”
1. A. but for B. except for C. in addition to D. due to
2. A. nervous B. excited C. concerned D. interested
3. A. disturb B. wake C. hurt D. violate
4. A. carefully B. seriously C. kindly D. generously
5. A. playing B. walking C. sleeping D. eating
6. A. early B. sadly C. awkwardly D. deeply
7. A. rolling B. barking C. sliding D. running
8. A. Fortunately B. Perhaps C. Naturally D. Otherwise
9. A. imagined B. accompanied C. saw D. remembered
10. A. things B. memories C. hobbies D. adventures
11. A. live B. own C. change D. review
12. A. illness B. injury C. sadness D. difficulty
13. A. expected B. thought C. realized D. proved
14. A. care B. time C. money D. effort
15. A. identical B. physical C. spiritual D. typical
16. A. proud B. wonderful C. successful D. moving
17. A. table B. door C. house D. feet
18. A. forget B. have C. miss D. mention
19. A. rushed B. reached C. pushed D. jumped
20. A. voices B. brain C. eyes D. heart
As we slowly drove down the street on that cold December evening we noticed the light in front of a door.
“This must be the house，” I1（tell） our “Positive Teens in Action” group.
We pulled up， walked up the steps，2knocked on the door. We heard a faint voice3inside， “Come on in. The door is open.”
We opened the door and saw an elderly woman4（sit） in a rocking chair. “Ive been expecting you，” she said5（weak）. That was Rose， one of our Meals-on-Wheels6（stop） I had arranged. We handed Rose the gifts the teens had prepared7（early） that evening. Then I asked Rose8carols （頌歌） she would like to hear. Rose was getting more9（cheer） as she joined in singing each song she loved.
Later， as we hugged Rose good-bye she said to me， “The other day I asked God if it would be possible10（send） some Christmas Carolers to my home. Thank you for being the answer to my Christmas prayer （祈祷）.”
Wow， how great it is to have the opportunity to be the answer to someones Christmas prayer！
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
I was going home by bike in a cold afternoon when my bike broke down. As I was wondering how to do， an old man came over. He offered to help me and soon my bike repaired. I thanked him but asked how to repay him. She shook his head and then told me a story about how a boy had helped him two year before. His story moved me deep. I looked at the man， with my eyes filling with tears. I never thought he could keep such a little thing in the mind for years. Only then do I begin to believe that one good turn deserves another.
用方框里單词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。
breathe chase clone contrast disgust
fear murder refuse rush terrify
1. The small girl was ____ of that big black cat.
2. The police have been trying ____ up the dead mans sister， but they have no idea where she lives.
3. Were all ____ at the way her husband treated her.
4. The suspect was charged with ____ his wife.
5. If the bank ____ to lend us the money， were finished！
6. People can ____ better when the air is clean.
7. When the artificial flowers ____ with natural ones， you can hardly tell the difference.
8. Crowds of people ____ home from work at this hour.
9. A team from England was able to ____ a dog last week.
10. I always have a ____ of heights.
1. 请原谅我误拆了你的信。（by mistake）
2. 总之他已经死了，没有人能使他复活。（bring... back to life）
3. 就我们所知，他们将在九点钟到达。（as far as we know）
4. 新鲜空气和优质食物对人类有益。（be beneficial to）
5. 我一直把他当作我最要好的朋友。（treat... as）
跟踪导练（三）
A
Barbican Art Gallery
A world-class arts and learning center， the Barbican pushes the boundaries of all major art forms including dance， film， music， theater and many visual arts from Egypt.
Tickets：
Adult： ?10 online/?12 at the door
13—17 years old： ?6 online/?8 at the door
Children aged 12 and under： Free
Opening times： Sat.—Wed.： 10 am—6 pm; Thu.—Fri.： 10 am—9 pm
Review by Laura Miller： I have just watched To Kill a Mockingbird here. The play and actors were fantastic. Nice and clean ladies toilets with hot water. During the interval， they were selling the usual ice cream and drinks. Not all staff were friendly， but most were. I would come again to watch another show or even the same one.
The British Museum
A museum of the world and for the world. Discover over two million years of human history and culture. Some of the world-famous objects include the Rosetta Stone， the Parthenon sculptures and Egyptian mummies.
Admission （入場费） and opening times： Free， open daily 10 am—5：30 pm
The museum is closed on Jan. 1， Good Friday and Dec. 24， 25 & 26.
Review by Robert James： I arrived at the main entrance line at 10：45 am， waited patiently as it rolled forward for a few minutes. Now 11：30 am with two thirds of the line to go， another 30 minutes to wait and with knowledge that I had to go downtown shopping by 1 pm， I turned on my heels and left.
1. How much will a couple with a kid of 14 pay for online tickets of the Barbican Art Gallery？
A. ?20. B. ?26.
C. ?32. D. ?36.
2. What did Miller like best about Barbican Art Gallery？
A. Film. B. Music.
C. Dance. D. Theater.
3. What do the gallery and the museum have in common？
A. Both offer free admission.
B. Theyre located downtown.
C. Theyre open all year round.
D. Egyptian exhibits are on display.
B
Nine months ago， I was packing my daughters backpack with new school supplies， wondering how I was going to send her off to kindergarten. I stood on the playground， tears pouring down my face because I wasnt ready for this first day of kindergarten—but she was ready. Today I will be standing on the playground， once again with tears， because this precious time went by too quickly. This week I realized that I never told you “thank you”. I dont know how to express a mothers thanks in the way a teacher deserves.
We first met you at the open house the week before school started and I immediately knew you would be the type of teacher we would appreciate forever. While the students lined up for the day， you touched each one on the shoulder as you greeted them. If a student was having a tough morning， you quietly held her hand and walked her into the school.
I got to know you as I volunteered in the lunch room. You made sure your students were all ready for lunch before you went on your own lunch break. You kept track of their big things and small things， because as a veteran kindergarten teacher， you know that the small things are the big things. I loved the way you made each student feel special. You helped them fall in love with school which is so important at the start.
To all of the teachers in the world who are like you， I wish you knew how grateful parents are for you. We adore you， respect you， and appreciate you. We dont tell you enough—we probably dont tell you ever. I wish we could take you with us to the next 12 grades.
4. Why did the writer cry on her daughters first day of
kindergarten？
A. Her daughter wasnt familiar with the teachers.
B. She felt worried about her daughters being away.
C. Her daughter wasnt willing to go to kindergarten.
D. She hadnt made full preparations for her daughter.
5. The writer noticed the teachers characteristics when ___ .
A. she was at the open house
B. she stood on the playground
C. she said goodbye to the teacher
D. she worked as a teacher at lunch time
6. What does the underlined word “veteran” in Paragraph 3 mean？
A. Beautiful. B. Generous. C. Skillful. D. Humorous.
7. What is the text mainly about？
A. A sweet memory of kindergarten life.
B. Good wishes to a kindergarten teacher.
C. Sincere thanks to a kindergarten teacher.
D. A kids daily behavior in the kindergarten.
C
In a mountainous area of Brazil， there is a kind of beautiful butterfly which can kill men. If people meet them， they will come down in great quantities to bite and kill， sucking blood and eating flesh through the wounds they cause.
In June， 1966， a boy named Marl Andre who went into the mountains in search of butterfly specimens （标本） was killed by these butterflies. A country boy saw him as he was just about to raise （舉起） his net to catch a butterfly. Suddenly thousands of butterflies came down upon him， covering him all over. The boy struggled and cried as he tried to free himself from their attack. Finally he fell senseless to the ground. Police examined his body and proved that he had died of bites by butterflies.
In New Guinea， there is a kind of needlefish which also kills men. Because it likes light at night， it will swim near the lights of fishing boats， then suddenly shoot out of water like an arrow to its target， and force its 3-inch sharp mouth into a human body. Often people are thrust （戳） in the eye， or through the chest or stomach， resulting in death. Sometimes it will even attack the people in a fishing boat in broad daylight.
About 10 persons in the world are killed by sharks every year， yet more than 20 are killed by needlefish every month.
8. Marl Andre was killed when he ___ .
A. raised a net B. went to Brazil
C. entered the mountains D. tried to catch a butterfly
9. How does the needlefish attack people？
A. By biting.
B. By hitting with its tail.
C. By thrusting with its mouth.
D. By sticking with the needle on its head.
10. According to the last paragraph， each year needlefish kill
men ___ .
A. fewer than sharks do
B. twice more than sharks do
C. about 10 times more than sharks do
D. about 24 times more than sharks do
11. What can be the best title for the text？
A. Animal Killers
B. New Guinea—Not Fit to Live In
C. Brazil Home of Dangerous Butterflies
D. Deaths Caused by Butterflies and Needlefish
D
Patients in the early stages of Alzheimers disease often struggle to remember recently learned information， meaning they forget things like important appointments or where they left their keys. But it seems that these memories are not lost. They are still filed away in the brain somewhere.
Now， researchers at MIT have developed a means of getting back memories in mice suffering from Alzheimers. The method relies on a technique that uses light to control genetically modified neurons （转基因神经元）. Currently it is too early to be used in human trials as it involves inserting light emitting equipment into the subjects brains， but the same principles still apply， the researchers said.
“The important point is that this is evidence of concept. That is， even if a memory seems to be gone， it is still there. Its a matter of how to get it back，” said senior researcher Susumu Tonegawa.
The team took two groups of mice， one genetically engineered to develop Alzheimers and one healthy. They then placed them into a room and gave them a mild electric shock. All of the mice showed fear when put back in an hour later. When placed in the room a third time several days later， the Alzheimers mice acted normally. They had forgotten the shock.
The researchers were then able to bring back the memory of the shock by activating （激活） the cells in which the memories were stored （存儲）. Even when the mice were put into an unfamiliar room， they showed fear when the cells associated with the shock were activated.
“Short-term memory seems to be normal， on the order of hours. But for long-term memory， these early-Alzheimers mice seem to be damaged，” said lead researcher Dheeraj Roy. “Directly activating the cells that we believe are holding the memory helps them get it back. This suggests that it is indeed an access problem to the information， not that theyre unable to learn or store this memory.”
12. What can we learn about the researchers at MIT？
A. They are the pioneers of brain research.
B. They have used the new method on humans.
C. They can relieve the pain of Alzheimers patients.
D. They can get back memories of Alzheimers mice.
13. Why did the Alzheimers mice behave normally a third time？
A. They failed to remember the electric shock.
B. They managed to overcome the fear.
C. They were used to the situation.
D. They activated the association.
14. For long-term memory， the early Alzheimers mice ___ .
A. cant access the information stored
B. can easily get back their memory
C. can activate their blood cells
D. cant learn new tricks well
15. What is the writers main purpose in writing the text？
A. To introduce a method of a research.
B. To give advice on how to improve memory.
C. To explain how our brain stores information.
D. To report the latest discovery about a disease.
I read a story about Jennings， a boy living in various orphanages （孤兒院） with only his stuffed animal （毛绒玩具）， Doggie， for companionship. Little did I know how it would1my life and the lives of others.
One day， as I looked across my room at the pile of stuffed animals， a（n）2came to me. I would3stuffed animals for children like Jennings.4 ， I contacted agencies that support those children and they said the stuffed animals would certainly5childrens spirits.
I named my project “Cuddle Buddies”. I wrote articles for the local and school newspapers，6for donations of the “buddies”—stuffed animals. My phone7ringing; schools， families， and toy factories all wanted to help. Much to my8 ， by the second week my living room looked like a zoo. Whenever Mom and I9the “buddies” to the agencies， the kids would be waiting there with their eyes down， too10to look but shaking with excitement.
Six years after its launch， Cuddle Buddies continues to
11 . Now over 21，000 stuffed animals have been12to agencies worldwide. Simon， a seven-year-old boy， couldnt sleep at night after he lost his parents. When asked to choose his “buddies”， Simon13out a panda and soon after was sleeping through the night. I never dreamed Cuddle Buddies would14this way.
Upon graduation from high school， I designed a website， www.cuddlebuddies.net， to15forward the project. The response was16 . More and more people joined me and two dozen Cuddle Buddies17were established across the nation.
This has been a great experience. Ive learned how to follow through on an idea and how to18impact a life. I will go to college with these19in mind and continue my work with Cuddle Buddies， even when I20a whole new set of exciting academic and non-academic activities.
1. A. touch B. impress C. lead D. save
2. A. chance B. idea C. explanation D. word
3. A. display B. repair C. purchase D. collect
4. A. Occasionally B. Previously C. Immediately D. Gradually
5. A. catch B. reflect C. lift D. record
6. A. preparing B. waiting C. asking D. demanding
7. A. resisted B. kept C. started D. stopped
8. A. knowledge B. taste C. regret D. delight
9. A. took B. applied C. rented D. returned
10. A. shy B. weak C. serious D. quiet
11. A. move B. expand C. adjust D. support
12. A. produced B. adopted C. sold D. donated
13. A. picked B. got C. checked D. gave
14. A. adapt B. work C. increase D. react
15. A. push B. put C. look D. bring
16. A. confusing B. amusing C. automatic D. enthusiastic
17. A. committees B. schools C. branches D. associations
18. A. fortunately B. positively C. socially D. physically
19. A. plans B. figures C. lessons D. features
20. A. find out B. end up C. rely on D. participate in
Food waste is one of the greatest 1 （challenge） of our time， and fruit and vegetables are 2 （especial） problematic， as about 52% of them go bad before reaching consumers （消費者）. But one Malaysian company has come up with a simple solution 3 this problem—a tiny sticker that keeps fruit from going bad for up to weeks.
Youve probably seen stickers on fruit before， but not like the ones 4 （create） by the Malaysian company. Those common stickers are used only to provide consumers with information about the growers and how the fruit was grown， but Stixfresh has 5 completely different purpose. It 6 （contain） something special and all-natural that slows down the ripening process， 7 （keep） the fruit fresh and juicy for much longer.
Stixfresh founder Zhafri Zainudin says that he thought of the idea for the stickers after visiting a friend 8 ran a fruit store. The man was worried about losing money every day because of bad fruit， but he knew that there was no way to stop nature from taking 9 （it） course. The Malaysian businessman worked with many universities 10 （develop） and test his sticker.
At first， Stixfresh stickers were only used to lengthen the shelf-life of mangoes， but the company later worked on other fruit， like dragon fruit， star fruit， apples and pears.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。
controversial exception flexible fundament gene
option organism procedure sequence upbringing
1. Her country ____ explains her love of nature.
2. Researchers are gradually deciphering （破译） the ____ structure found in the cells.
3. The ____ cause of his success is his hard work.
4. The first step in the ____ for making a kite is to build the frame.
5. Last month a ____ of traffic accidents happened in the small city.
6. Apart from the compulsory exercises， there are also voluntary or ____ ones.
7. All her children are clever， but the youngest boy is really ____ .
8. Adults are not often ____ ; they do not feel comfortable in another place.
9. There is a big ____ over the use of drugs in athletics.
10. All living ____ have to adapt to changes in environmental conditions.
下列各句均有1個错误，请改正。
1. Do you think life is a sequence of agreeable event？ ____
2. The prisoners statement was contradictory with the one hed made earlier. ____
3. If she will be here tomorrow， I would tell her about the matter. ____
4. If everyone in the country knew first aid， many lives should be saved. ____
5. If I learnt about this， I would not have done it. ____
1. 我看不出这两支笔有什么不同，它们看上去完全一样。
（identical）
2. 问题是我们应当依靠谁。（rely on）
3. 温度升高时，肉就会开始分解。（break down）
4. 我被这突如其来的消息惊呆了。（knock out）
5. 他拒绝参加我的生日聚会。（refuse to do）
跟踪导练（四）
A
Restaurants in the USA
Steves Pizza
So many pizza chains compete for the attention of tourists in South Beach， but ask a Miami Beach local where to get the best pizza and theyll tell you about Steves. This is New York-style pizza， handmade with care and good ingredients. New branches of Steves are opening elsewhere in Miami， all in non-tourist areas.
Opening hours： 11 am—3 pm
Cattlemans Steakhouse
This place is 20 miles east of the city， but local folks would probably drive 200 miles to eat here. The food is good， and the scenery is even better. Come early and wander around the grounds of Indian Cliffs Ranch， where youll see everything from rabbits to buffalo （水牛）， then catch the sunset either before or after your meal.
Opening hours： 5 pm—10 pm
Absolute Baking & Café
The screen door is always swinging open at this town hot spot with giant breakfasts. Try the green chili on eggs—its made from scratch， as are the organic breads. Lunch includes salads， big sandwiches and local grass-fed beef burgers. Dont miss a square of soft， fresh carrot cake.
Opening hours： 7 am—2 pm
Walts Wharf
Everybodys favorite for fresh fish， Walts packs them in on weekends. You cant make reservations for dinner （though theyre accepted for lunch）， but its worth the wait for the tree fire-grilled seafood and steaks in the many-windowed ground floor or upstairs in captains chairs.
Opening hours： 11 am—3：30 pm
1. The new branches of Steves Pizza are mainly for ___ .
A. New Yorkers B. tourists
C. the locals D. foreigners
2. Cattlemans Steakhouse offers good food as well as wonderful ___ .
A. wine B. view
C. discount D. service
3. Which restaurant serves both breakfast and lunch？
A. Steves Pizza. B. Walts Wharf.
C. Absolute Baking & Café. D. Cattlemans Steakhouse.
B
As Simon Kindleysides， 34， took his first step in the London Marathon in April， he felt as if magic was in the air. “Everyone was on the streets， cheering， and that was a magical moment，” he said. As time went on， the crowds and other racers spread around. Kindleysides and his team of eight supporters continued walking.
Kindleysides， who is paralyzed from the waist down and typically uses a wheelchair， was equipped with an exoskeleton （體外骨骼） to help him walk. His supporters walked with him to change the batteries in his exoskeleton so he could keep moving.
In 2013， Kindleysides was diagnosed with a brain tumor （肿瘤） that was growing in a way that pressed on certain nerves （神经）， leading to him losing feeling in his legs. He was told he would never walk again. Before his paralysis， the London-based singer and dancer had “always wanted to run a marathon，” he said， but he never made the plan to do so—until this year.
During the London Marathon， the last two miles were the hardest. “At that point， I was exhausted. It was freezing cold， and I was hurting emotionally，” Kindleysides said. But he kept going. “I didnt want to let people down. I had a team of eight， and I was raising money for The Brain Tumor Charity，” he said. So he continued and made history as the first paralyzed man to complete the London Marathon on foot.
Then， recovering （康復） at home， he shared his accomplishment with his three children. “They used to say Im the only dad in their whole school whos in a wheelchair， and now they say Im their dad， the only one who has walked a marathon，” he said.
Kindleysides is training to complete three more marathons next year， including the London Marathon again.
4. Why did Kindleysides supporters accompany him all the way？
A. To inspire him as a team.
B. To help change the batteries.
C. To guide him along the road.
D. To assist him with the wheelchair.
5. What caused Kindleysides disability？
A. An accident. B. An operation.
C. Damaged leg nerves. D. The brain tumor.
6. What encouraged Kindleysides to finish the hardest two-
mile race？
A. The belief to beat others.
B. The strong desire to recover.
C. The prize money for the winner.
D. The kindness to help the charity.
7. What can we learn about Kindleysides？
A. He was once a successful actor.
B. He felt a pity to have to use a wheelchair.
C. He wanted to join in London marathons once more.
D. He was the first disabled man to complete the London
Marathon.
C
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter， including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin-film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts. The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California， including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds， plastic-bag makers are employing scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers argument： many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags， which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport. And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at， they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement： reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is， the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However， longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists dont dispute （質疑） these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
8. What has Steven Stein been employed to do？
A. Help increase food sales.
B. Recycle the waste material.
C. Stop things falling off trucks.
D. Argue for the use of plastic bags.
9. What does the underlined word “headwinds” in Paragraph 2
refer to？
A. Bans on plastic bags.
B. Plastic bags hung in trees.
C. Effects of city development.
D. Headaches caused by garbage.
10. What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to
plastic-bag makers？
A. They are quite expensive.
B. It can be difficult to replace them.
C. They are less strong than plastic bags.
D. It requires more energy to produce them.
11. What can be the best title for the text？
A. Recycle or Throw Away
B. Plastic， Paper or Neither
C. Industry， Pollution and Environment
D. Garbage Collection and Waste Control
D
Late blight （晚疫病） is a common disease of plants such as tomatoes and potatoes， capable of wiping out entire crops in commercial-sized fields. If conditions are favorable， it can quickly spread to other plants through wet soil and wind.
In history， late blight caused over 1 million deaths in Ireland. Today it still causes more than 6.7 billion dollars in annual losses worldwide. Small farms and growers are often the hardest hit， many stating losing almost two-thirds of their yearly production， because usually they dont have money to identify and treat the disease.
But farmers may have a new weapon now. The technology， designed by researchers at North Carolina State University， can recognize sick plants early by employing a piece of test paper that plugs into （接入） a reader on a smartphone.
Plants produce signaling chemicals from their leaves. “If a plant is diseased， the type and concentration of these chemicals change，” said Wei Qingshan， an engineer at North Carolina State University. If the farmer suspects a late blight infection is underway， he can remove a leaf from a living plant and place it in a small， covered glass jar. After the leafs volatile （揮发性的） chemicals have accumulated for 15 minutes or so， the cap is removed and the air is pumped from the jar into a reader attached to the back of a smartphone. Inside the smartphone reader is a piece of paper specially treated with dyes （染料） by the researchers. Upon interacting with the plants volatile chemicals， the paper changes color to indicate the presence or absence of the late blight.
The researchers hope to tailor the technology for other crop diseases， which continue to appear as climate change and global trade increase the stress on agricultural systems. “This is an important step in the improvement of global food security，” Wei Qingshan said.
12. What are the statistics in Paragraph 2 mainly about？
A. The damage caused by late blight.
B. The money put into late blight treatment.
C. The number of crops in a commercial-sized field.
D. The yearly production of small farms and growers.
13. How would a farmer find out if a plant was infected according
to Wei Qingshan？
A. By treating the plant with special dyes.
B. By putting volatile chemicals on the plant.
C. By testing the air in the jar with a leaf inside.
D. By examining the land with a smartphone reader.
14. What do the researchers expect of their new technology？
A. Itll reach farmers soon.
B. Itll get rid of late blight.
C. Itll be beneficial to the climate.
D. Itll be able to detect more crop diseases.
15. What is the writers purpose in writing the text？
A. To introduce a test method of late blight.
B. To explain the causes of late blight.
C. To discuss the effects of late blight.
D. To tell the history of late blight.
We often close ourselves off when painful events happen in our lives. Instead of letting the world soften us， we let it drive us deeper into ourselves. The tips listed below can help you open your heart more fully and completely.
Breathe into pain.
Whenever a painful situation arises in your life， try to face it instead of running away. When the sadness strikes， take a deep breath and accept it.
Were often confused at the next step to take. Actually， we can try a new decision making process. To start this process， we may ask， “Heart， what decision should I make here？ What action feels the most right？” See what comes up， then put it into practice and evaluate the outcome.
Spend time alone.
For most of our lives were surrounded by people： our friends， family members， and strangers. When you spend time in solitude （獨处）， youre free from the influences of other people. It might be painful at first， but eventually youll add a whole new layer of depth and understanding into your life.
Get outside of yourself.
But in reality， they actually work hand-in-hand. After youve explored the depths of yourself， you come away with a new understanding.
Now， its time to share that—not through telling others， but through being with others.
A. Have a light heart.
B. Ask your heart what it wants.
C. How often do we really spend time alone？
D. Is there any time when they hide from you？
E. This may seem a little contradictory to the last tip.
F. We should open our hearts and take action to cure the
wounds.
G. When we run away from sadness， it gets stronger and
more real.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
It was a sleepy Monday morning in the teachers office. The old copy machine made a series of short noisy sounds. Its1rhythm （节奏） only seemed to put everyone deeper into “Monday morning mode”.
Then， Jackie walked happily into the room， clapping her hands2three times. “Okay， wake up， you guys. Its Monday！ Lets hear some pep talks！” Her3voice raised heads and opened eyes. Even the office assistant who was almost asleep at the copy machine4up.
Maybe it was because Jackie always had a smile and said something5that made people happy. Whatever the magic was， she suddenly6the room completely on that sleepy Monday morning.
New conversations mysteriously7 . My colleague and I， who were only8the school to give a lecture， got up and9ourselves to Jackie.
I soon found out that Jackie was10respected for her work and enthusiasm. When it came to her11 ， nothing was too good12her kids. She always made other people feel13 —even on days when she was not14well.
You would never hear Jackie15or speak in a negative manner about others. She would always look for and16the best within other people. People liked to be around her because her respect for other people was17 .
Jackie knew that what people wanted from her was simply for her to be herself， someone who18her students. However， Jackie was more than a19 . She was a great model who could20a room and make smiles break loose， even on sleepy Monday mornings.
1. A. quick B. dull C. normal D. wonderful
2. A. angrily B. rapidly C. gently D. weakly
3. A. depressing B. anxious C. enthusiastic D. relaxing
4. A. set B. gave C. looked D. went
5. A. serious B. terrible C. incredible D. pleasant
6. A. changed B. left C. shook D. influenced
7. A. worked B. began C. continued D. stopped
8. A. expecting B. helping C. encouraging D. visiting
9. A. compared B. introduced C. referred D. connected
10. A. badly B. well C. hardly D. probably
11. A. house B. group C. class D. office
12. A. at B. to C. for D. of
13. A. nervous B. special C. disappointed D. amazed
14. A. doing B. teaching C. performing D. feeling
15. A. ask B. complain C. talk D. sing
16. A. hope B. have C. find D. like
17. A. believable B. true C. exceptional D. obvious
18. A. ran after B. cared about C. thought of D. turned down
19. A. teacher B. mother C. workmate D. friend
20. A. clean B. decorate C. brighten D. make
I feel certainly about the chemistry test that they are going to have tomorrow. The teacher has already told us exactly which to study and I think my grades on homework has been good. As a matter of the fact， I think chemistry has always been one of the subjects that I enjoy most. Susan or I have already spent two hours on reviewing pages 115—140 tonight. We are going to devote another hour to practise with some of the sample problem. Then I will ready for the test.
假定你是李華，你的英国朋友Tom对中国的饮食很感兴趣。请用英语写封邮件邀请他到你家做客，内容包括：
1.时间;
2.具体安排;
3.表达期待。
注意：
1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom，
Yours，
Li Hua
What is Cloning？
何为克隆？
Cloning is the asexual production of an exact copy of an original. So for example， one could use cloning to produce the exact copy of a single cell. The cell copy would be identical to the first cell and would have the same exact DNA sequence. In many cases， cloning has been used to reproduce type specific cells. In some instances， cloning of an individual organism， like the sheep， Dolly， has been possible.
Unlike reproduction that involves two “parents”， such as a male and female plants， cloning has a single parent. This is often used in reproducing certain plants. Certain plants have undergone cloning processes for thousands of years， but they do not play a part in the ethical debates that surround cloning of animals， and most particularly humans.
For example， reproductive cloning of animals was first attempted in the 1950s. The sheep Dolly was cloned in 1996. Dollys parent had DNA transferred into an egg that had its nucleus removed. This is called a somatic cell nuclear transfer. The cell was then treated with chemicals and stimulated to grow so than an almost exact replicate of the cloned sheep was born.
克隆就是通過无性繁殖，对原体的精确复制。举例来说，细胞就可以被完全复制。生成的细胞与原细胞一模一样，甚至基因链也相同。普通实验都是克隆特型细胞。当然，克隆羊多莉的成功表明有机体的克隆也是可行的。
有些植物分雌雄，其后代有父有母，而克隆产物不同于此，只有一个父源。有很多植物也是单性繁殖，数千年如此而不会有伦理问题;可一旦涉及动物，特别是人类的克隆，伦理问题便凸显了。
有例可证，动物克隆的尝试始于20世纪50年代，多莉于1996年被克隆。将其父源基因移植到一去核卵子中，这一技术被称为体细胞核移植。该细胞随之采用多种化学物质进行培育，最终得到了对其父源完全克隆的多莉。
