圣玛利亚音乐厅德国新勃兰登堡

2021-03-04佩卡·萨米宁,JussiTiainen,AxelRothenburg

世界建筑导报 2021年1期

关键词：弗里德里希门厅音乐厅

竣工日期：2001年；2017年

建设单位：新勃兰登堡市政府、新勃兰登堡城市发展协会有限公司

总建筑面积：6 500平米（853-1 100个座位）

设计单位：PES建筑师事务所

首席设计：佩卡 · 萨米宁

摄影：Jussi Tiainen, Axel Rothenburg

Year of completion: 2001; 2017

Client: City of Neubrandenburg Stadtentwicklungsgesellschaft Neubrandenburg mbH

Size: 6 500 m²

Architectural and interior design: PES-Architects

Chief designer: Pekka Salminen

Photography: Jussi Tiainen, Axel Rothenburg

新勃兰登堡市位于柏林以北150公里。自中世纪以来，位于德国北部的圣玛利亚教堂一直是该市的名片。该教堂始建于1298年，是一座由红砖砌成的哥特式风格的教堂。

该教堂于17和18世纪曾遭受过严重的损毁，后由卡尔·弗里德里希·辛克尔（Karl Friedrich von Schinkel）的学生，弗里德里希·威廉.巴特尔（Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel）在1832年至1841年间进行修复和重建。但在第二次世界大战后一段日子里,，该教堂又遭受火灾的严重破坏。

20世纪80、90年代，新勃兰登堡市决定将这座毁坏的教堂变成一个音乐厅，重新对其进行恢复和改造，在此期间，运用钢结构将教堂屋顶的全部承重转嫁到外墙上，移除柱子释放出内部空间。该项计划是基于PES在1996年受邀参加的欧洲建筑竞赛的获奖方案而实施的。

教堂的长形大厅被防火和声学玻璃墙创造一个门厅和一个鞋盒型音乐厅分为两个部分。它多余的宽度通过安置在外墙的顶部和下部的声学反射板的使用而得以减少。

通过在新的大厅和外墙间加入一个三米宽的过道，解决了门厅空间有限的问题，幕间休息时还可以门厅的一部分供观众使用。这个“房中房”的解决办法使得兼具历史和建筑价值的外墙仍能被完全看得到，而且新的结构又几乎完全与墙体分离开。

大厅内的悬挂式声学玻璃天花板是经过声学计算所运用不同样式的玻璃金字塔制成的。

The town silhouette of Neubrandenburg has been dominated since the Middle Ages by the Marienkirche, a hall church built in the North German Brick Gothic style and consecrated in 1298.

The church was badly damaged in the 17th and 18th centuries and repaired and rebuilt by Friedrich Wilhelm Buttel, a student of Karl Friedrichvon Schinkel, during 1832-41.In the last days of the Second World War, the Marienkirche was again badly damaged by fire.

In the 1980s-1990s, the town of Neubrandenburg decided to renovate the ruined church and convert it intoa concert hall.The restoration involved transferring the full load of the roof to the exterior walls using steel frames, freeing up the internal space from columns.The concert hall was built based on PES-Architects’ winning proposal in the invited European architectural competition arranged in 1996.

The long church hall is divided into two parts by a fire-resistant and acoustic glazed wall, creating a foyer and shoebox-shaped concert hall.The width of the auditorium was reduced by placing acoustic glass reflectors at the top and lower parts of the exterior walls.A three-metre-wide aisle runsbetween the new hall and the exterior walls, serving as an extension of the foyer during intervals.This “house within a house” solution allows the historically and architecturally valuable exterior walls to remain fully visible, with the new structures almost completely detached from them.

The acoustic suspended glass ceiling in the auditorium is made of glass pyramids in varying forms according to acoustic calculations.An organ was designed for the concert hall during the construction phase and a technical space was built for it under the choir balcony, but the original budget did not allow for its purchase.It was not until 2015 that the organ project could start, thanks to a local sponsor.PESArchitects was also in charge of thenew organ design, working together with Johannes Klais Orgelbau and Karl Schuke Orgelbauwerkstatt.The 70-register organ, weighing 21 tonnes, was inaugurated in 2017.Its massive lower base is of ash and the organ pipe facade is of tin and stainless steel.