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东北雷公藤正丁醇层化学成分研究

2021-01-03陈昌盛刘艳潘娟管伟刘国贞匡海学杨炳友

中医药信息 2021年11期
关键词:分子式正丁醇雷公藤

陈昌盛,刘艳,潘娟,管伟,刘国贞,匡海学,杨炳友

(黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150040)

东北雷公藤为卫矛科雷公藤属植物东北雷公藤(Tripterygium regeliiSprague et Takeda)的干燥根及根茎[1]。其同属植物雷公藤(Tripterygium wilfordiiHook.f.)在临床上广泛用于治疗类风湿性关节炎、红斑狼疮、荨麻疹等免疫性疾病[2-5]。但由于雷公藤化学成分复杂,毒性也不容忽略,毒理学研究表明其对肝、肾、血液和生殖系统易造成严重损伤[6-7]。这一特点极大限制了该药在临床上的使用。而它的同属植物东北雷公藤相较于雷公藤具有毒性小的优势,本文对东北雷公藤正丁醇层化学成分进行了系统研究,通过多种色谱及波谱学方法从中分离并鉴定其化学成分。

1 仪器与材料

Bruker-400 超导核磁共振光谱仪(Bruker 公司);Q-TOF(ESI)高分辨质谱仪(Waters 公司);制备型高效液相色谱(岛津公司);分析型高效液相色谱(Waters公司);Sephadex LH-20(GE Healthcare 公司);反相ODS(YMC 公司);硅胶柱色谱(200~300 目,青岛海洋化工厂);薄层色谱硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂)。

东北雷公藤药材于2019年4月采收于吉林省长白山,经黑龙江中医药大学药学院樊锐锋副教授鉴定为雷公藤属植物东北雷公藤(Tripterygium regeliiSprague et Takeda)的根。原植物标本(No.20190712)保存于黑龙江中医药大学中药化学实验室。

2 提取与分离

干燥的东北雷公藤根25 kg,以70%的乙醇加热回流提取3 次,每次2 h,过滤,减压回收溶剂,得乙醇提取物3.5 kg,取纯水将乙醇提取物均匀混悬,依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯和水饱和正丁醇萃取,并将各个部位的萃取液分别减压浓缩至浸膏状,得石油醚部位浸膏191.7 g,乙酸乙酯部位浸膏453.3 g,水饱和正丁醇部位浸膏186 g。取180 g 的正丁醇萃取部位经硅胶柱色谱分离,采用二氯甲烷-甲醇(100∶0→0∶1)系统为流动相进行梯度洗脱,经反复的薄层色谱结合高效液相色谱检识,合并相同组分,最终共得到6 个组分,即Fr. A~Fr. F。Fr. A 经ODS 柱色谱,结合制备型HPLC分离得到化合物1(3.2 mg)、3(4.3 mg)、4(2.8 mg)、6(6.5 mg)。Fr. C 经ODS 柱色谱,凝胶柱色谱以及制备型HPLC 分离得到化合物2(2.5 mg)、5(4.7 mg)、7(3.5 mg)、8(4.2 mg)、11(5.4 mg)、14(6.8 mg)。Fr.D 经ODS 柱色谱,结合制备型HPLC 分离得到化合物9(2.5 mg)、10(6.3 mg)、12(3.9 mg)、13(5.1 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

3.1 化合物1

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:473.360 2[M + H]+,分子式 为C30H48O4。1H-NMR(CD3OD,600 MHz),δ:1.89~1.92(1H,m,H-1α),1.62(1H,m,H-1β),1.72~1.74(1H,m,H-2α),1.06~1.08(1H,m,H-2β),2.05(1H,dd,J = 13.7,4.0 Hz,H-5),1.56~1.57(1H,m,H-6α),1.43~1.45(1H,m,H-6β),1.58(1H,m,H-7α),1.36(1H,m,H-7β),1.63~1.64(1H,m,H-9),1.27~1.28(1H,m,H-11α),1.21~1.23(1H,m,H-11β),5.26(1H,t,J =3.5 Hz,H-12),1.85~1.89(2H,m,H-15),1.62(1H,m,H-16α),1.56~1.57(1H,m,H-16β),0.85(1H,s,H-18),1.65~1.66(1H,m,H-19α),1.00(1H,m,H-19β),3.52(1H,dd,J = 12.5,4.5 Hz,H-21),2.23(1H,t,J = 13.7 Hz,H-22α),2.05(1H,dd,J = 13.7,4.5 Hz,H-22β),0.99(3H,s,H-23),0.98(3H,s,H-24),0.79(3H,s,H-25),1.01(3H,s,H-26),1.18(3H,s,H-27),0.99(3H,s,H-28),1.25(3H,s,H-30)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,150 MHz),δ:38.0(C-1),26.6(C-2),79.7(C-3),37.9(C-4),47.8(C-5),19.5(C-6),33.7(C-7),39.5(C-8),49.4(C-9),39.9(C-10),20.2(C-11),124.5(C-12),144.5(C-13),43.2(C-14),24.7(C-15),27.9(C-16),41.2(C-17),56.7(C-18),40.0(C-19),44.1(C-20),75.7(C-21),41.2(C-22),28.7(C-23),17.4(C-24),16.0(C-25),16.3(C-26),26.7(C-27),20.8(C-28),180.0(C-29),25.2(C-30)。经与文献[8]对照,鉴定化合物1 为3,21-dihydroxyolean-12-en-29-oic acid。

3.2 化合物2

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:471[MH]-,分子式为C30H48O4。1H-NMR(CD3OD,600 MHz),δ:3.15~3.17(1H,m,H-3),3.39(1H,m,H-22),5.22(1H,t,J = 3.6 Hz,H-12),1.16(3H,s,H-23),1.06(3H,s,H-24),0.99(3H,s,H-25),0.99(3H,s,H-26),0.91(3H,s,H-27),0.79(3H,s,H-28),0.78(3H,d,J = 6.4 Hz,H-29)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,150 MHz),δ:39.1(C-1),27.9(C-2),79.7(C-3),40.1(C-4),56.6(C-5),18.9(C-6),33.6(C-7),41.4(C-8),46.5(C-9),39.9(C-10),24.3(C-11),126.8(C-12),139.5(C-13),43.5(C-14),28.7(C-15),22.4(C-16),38.0(C-17),54.0(C-18),33.9(C-19),35.4(C-20),75.3(C-22),28.8(C-23),17.4(C-24),16.2(C-25),16.3(C-26),24.5(C-27),27.5(C-28),19.5(C-29),179.2(C-30)。经与文献[9]对照,鉴定化合物2 为3β,22βdihydroxy-urs-12-en-30-oic acid。

3.3 化合物3

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:470.340 6[M + H]+,分子式为C30H46O4。1H-NMR(C5D5N,600 MHz),δ:5.26(1H,br. t,H-12),1.06(3H,s,H-23),1.05(3H,s,H-24),0.98(3H,s,H-25),0.99(3H,s,H-26),1.19(3H,s,H-27),1.28(3H,s,H-28),1.15(3H,s,H-29)。13C-NMR(C5D5N,150 MHz),δ:39.3(C-1),34.3(C-2),216.1(C-3),47.3(C-4),55.1(C-5),19.7(C-6),32.4(C-7),40.2(C-8),47.0(C-9),36.6(C-10),23.4(C-11),125.4(C-12),138.9(C-13),42.9(C-14),26.3(C-15)),21.2(C-16),39.5(C-17),58.0(C-18),34.8(C-19),51.3(C-20),34.3(C-21),77.1(C-22),26.5(C-23),21.5(C-24),15.3(C-25),16.7(C-26),23.7(C-27),25.1(C-28),18.6(C-29),176.0(C-30)。经与文献[10]对照,鉴定化合物3为demethylregelin。

3.4 化合物4

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:484.357 2[M + H]+,分子式为C31H48O4。1H-NMR(CD3OD,600 MHz),δ:5.29(1H,t,J = 3.1 Hz,H-12),3.53(1H,dd,J = 12.5,4.4 Hz,H-22),1.13(3H,s,H-23),1.11(3H,s,H-24),1.09(3H,s,H-25),1.08(3H,s,H-26),1.22(3H,s,H-27),1.02(3H,s,H-28),1.27(3H,s,H-30),3.68(3H,s,31-OCH3)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,150 MHz),δ:39.5(C-1),35.1(C-2),220.2(C-3),47.8(C-4),56.5(C-5),20.7(C-6),33.2(C-7),41.1(C-8),48.5(C-9),37.8(C-10),23.9(C-11),124.3(C-12),144.6(C-13),43.3(C-14),26.6(C-15),20.2(C-16),37.9(C-17),48.1(C-18),41.2(C-19),40.4(C-20),37.3(C-21),75.6(C-22),26.6(C-23),21.9(C-24),15.7(C-25),17.3(C-26),25.2(C-27),24.7(C-28),179.8(C-29),20.8(C-30),52.5(C-31)。经与文献[11]对照,鉴定化合物4 为methyl3-oxo-22a-hydroxy-olean-12-ene-29-oate。

3.5 化合物5

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:455.68[M + H]+,分子式为C30H46O3。1H-NMR(C5D5N,600 MHz),δ:3.47(1H,dd,J=11.1,4.9 Hz,H-3),5.34(1H,t,J=3.4 Hz,H-12),4.17(1H,d,J=5.4 Hz,H-22),1.07(3H,s,H-23),0.80(3H,s,H-24),1.04(3H,s,H-25),0.94(3H,s,H-26),1.22(3H,s,H-27),0.90(3H,s,H-28),1.22(3H,s,H-30)。13CNMR(C5D5N,150 MHz),δ:39.3(C-1),27.9(C-2),78.0(C-3),39.0(C-4),55.7(C-5),18.7(C-6),33.4(C-7),39.7(C-8),47.8(C-9),37.2(C-10),23.7(C-11),124.9(C-12),136.1(C-13),43.5(C-14),24.6(C-15),24.0(C-16),35.4(C-17),43.2(C-18),40.2(C-19),39.5(C-20),33.8(C-21),83.2(C-22),28.7(C-23),15.8(C-24),16.6(C-25),17.1(C-26),25.6(C-27),24.8(C-28),182.6(C-29),21.1(C-30)。经与文献[12]对照,鉴定化合物5为Wilfor-lide A。

3.6 化合物6

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:346.213 9[M + H]+,分子式为C21H30O4。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz),δ:2.05(1H,ddd,J=13.3,8.6,8.2 Hz,H-1α),2.43(1H,ddd,J = 13.3,8.6,3.7 Hz,H-1β),2.61(1H,dt,J=16.3,8.2 Hz,H-2α),2.70(1H,ddd,J=16.3,8.6,3.7 Hz,H-2β),1.67(1H,dd,J=12.2,5.9 Hz,H-6β),1.94~1.97(1H,m,H-6α),2.49(1H,ddd,J = 18.8,12.2,6.7 Hz,H-7α),2.79(1H,ddd,J = 18.8,5.9,4.6 Hz,H-7β),6.36(1H,s,H-11),3.46(1H,sep,J = 7.2 Hz,H-15),1.31(6H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-16,17),1.34(3H,s,H-18),4.07(3H,d,J = 11.3 Hz,H-19),1.29(3H,s,H-20),3.76(3H,s,12-OMe)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz),δ:37.4(C-1),35.0(C-2),51.1(C-4),51.0(C-5),19.3(C-6),24.5(C-7),114.0(C-8),145.4(C-9),37.2(C-10),101.0(C-11),157.1(C-12),119.5(C-13),151.7(C-14),24.5(C-15),21.1(C-16),21.0(C-17),22.3(C-18),65.8(C-19),25.5(C-20),55.9(OMe)。经与文献[13]对照,鉴定化合物6为wilforol F。

3.7 化合物7

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:337[M +Cl]-,分子式为C20H27O2。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz),δ:2.03(1H,dd,J = 13.4,7.7 Hz,H-1α),1.80(1H,m,H-1β)1.56(1H,m,H-2α),1.65(1H,m,H-2β),1.88(1H,m,H-3α),0.96(1H,m,H-3β),1.43(1H,dd,J = 13.0,1.7 Hz,H-5),1.22~1.31(1H,m,H-6α),2.24~2.29(1H,m,H-6β),2.75(1H,dd,J =16.3,6.0 Hz,H-7α),2.50~2.56(1H,m,H-7β),6.79(1H,d,J = 8.2 Hz,H-11),6.95(1H,d,8.2 Hz,H-12),3.05~3.09(1H,m,H-15),1.36(3H,d,J =4.0 Hz,H-16),1.34(3H,d,J=4.0 Hz,H-17),1.00(3H,s,H-18),3.80(1H,d,J = 11.0 Hz,H-19),3.50(1H,d,J = 11.0 Hz,H-19),1.13(3H,s,H-20)。13C-NMR(CDCl3,150 MHz),δ:39.2(C-1),19.2(C-2),35.3(C-3),37.6(C-4),50.7(C-5),18.7(C-6),25.0(C-7),148.8(C-8),120.6(C-9),38.8(C-10),116.7(C-11),123.5(C-12),130.2(C-13),150.3(C-14),27.0(C-15),22.6(C-16),22.9(C-17),26.9(C-18),65.5(C-19),25.8(C-20)。经与文献[14]对照,鉴定化合物7 为abieta-8,11,13-triene-14,19-diol。

3.8 化合物8

白色无定形 粉 末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:314.46[M+],分子式为C21H30O2。1H-NMR(CDCl3,600 MHz),δ:2.13(1H,m,H-1),1.17(1H,m,H-1),1.72(1H,dt,J = 13.7,3.4 Hz,H-2),1.58(1H,m,H-2),1.35(1H,m,H-3),1.20(1H,m,H-3),1.28(1H,dd,J =12.5,2.1 Hz,H-5),1.88(1H,dt,J = 12.5,7.8 Hz,H-6),1.61(1H,m,H-6),2.90(1H,ddd,J = 17.3,7.8,1.2 Hz,H-7),2.63(1H,ddd,J = 17.3,12.5,7.8 Hz,H-7),6.41(1H,s,H-11),3.41(1H,sept,J = 7.2 Hz,H-15),1.37(3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-16),1.35(3H,d,J= 7.2 Hz,H-17),0.94(3H,s,H-18),0.91(3H,s,H-19),1.16(3H,s,H-20),3.68(3H,s,OMe)。经与文献[15]对照,鉴定化合物8 为(4bS,8aS)-2-isopropyl-1-methoxy-4b,8,8-trimethyl-4b,5,6,7,8,8a,9,10-octahydrophenanthren-3-ol。

3.9 化合物9

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:463.145 2[M + HCOO]-,分子式为C18H26O11。1H-NMR(CD3OD,600 MHz),δ:5.94(1H,brs,H-1),7.55(1H,s,H-3),4.02(1H,dd,J = 9.4,4.6 Hz,H-5),2.47(1H,dd,J = 14.3,9.4 Hz,H-6β),2.77(1H,dd,J =14.3,4.6 Hz,H-6α),3.66(1H,s,7-OCH3),6.13(1H,dq,J=7.2,1.5 Hz,H-8),1.76(3H,dd,J=7.2,1.5 Hz,H-10),3.74(1H,s,11-OCH3),4.83(1H,d,J = 7.9 Hz,H-1'),3.33~3.43(4H,m,H-2',3',4',5'),3.7(1H,dd,J = 12.0,5.3 Hz,H-6'),3.90(1H,m,H-6')。13C-NMR(CD3OD,150 MHz),δ:95.1(C-1),155.1(C-3),109.4(C-4),31.8(C-5),41.0(C-6),173.6(C-7),52.2(7-OMe),124.8(C-8),130.5(C-9),13.5(C-10),168.6(C-11),51.9(11-OMe),100.9(C-1'),74.7(C-2'),78.4(C-3'),71.4(C-4'),77.9(C-5'),62.7(C-6')。经与文献[16]对照,鉴定化合物9为木犀榄苷二甲酯。

3.10 化合物10

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:376[M]+。1H-NMR(CD3OD,600 MHz),δ:7.14(1H,d,J=2.0 Hz,H-2),6.74(1H,d,J = 8.1 Hz,H-5),6.87(1H,dd,J = 8.1,2.0 Hz,H-6),4.72(1H,d,7.3 Hz,H-7),2.29(1H,m,H-8),3.82(1H,overlap,H-9),3.74(1H,dd,J = 11.4,5.7 Hz,H-9),6.91(1H,brs,H-2'),6.72(1H,overlap,H-5'),6.72(1H,overlap,H-6'),2.99(1H,d,J = 14.0 Hz,H-7'),2.92(1H,d,J =14.0 Hz,H-7'),3.81(1H,m,H-9'),3.60(1H,d,J =9.1 Hz,H-9'),3.85(2H,s,3,3'-OMe)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,150 MHz),δ:135.4(C-1),111.6(C-2),149.0(C-3),147.2(C-4),115.7(C-5),120.8(C-6),85.8(C-7),61.9(C-8),60.8(C-9),130.4(C-1'),115.2(C-2'),148.6(C-3'),146.2(C-4'),115.8(C-5'),123.9(C-6'),40.6(C-7'),82.6(C-8'),78.0(C-9'),56.4(3,3'-OMe)。经与文献[17]对照,鉴定化合物10 为(7R,8S,8'R)-4,9,4',8'-四羟基-3,3'-二甲氧基-7,9'-单环氧木脂素。

3.11 化合物11

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:289[MI]-。1H-NMR(CD3OD,600 MHz),δ:4.86(1H,s,H-2),4.17~4.19(1H,m,H-3),2.84~2.88(1H,m,H-4),2.72~2.76(1H,m,H-4),5.93(1H,d,J=2.3 Hz,H-6),5.91(1H,d,J = 2.3 Hz,H-8),6.76(1H,d,J= 8.2 Hz,H-3'),6.80(1H,dd,J= 1.6,8.2 Hz,H-4'),6.97(1H,d,J = 1.6 Hz,H-6')。13C-NMR(CD3OD,150 MHz),δ:79.9(C-2),67.5(C-3),29.3(C-4),157.4(C-5),96.4(C-6),158.0(C-7),95.9(C-8),157.7(C-9),100.1(C-10),132.3(C-1'),145.8(C-2'),119.4(C-3'),115.9(C-4'),145.8(C-5'),115.3(C-6')。经与文献[18]对照,鉴定化合物11为3,4-二氢-2-(2,5-二羟基苯基)-2-氢-3,5,7-三羟基苯并吡喃。

3.12 化合物12

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:279[M +H]+,分子式为C18H30O2。1H-NMR(CD3OD,600 MHz),δ:0.88(3H,t,J=6.9 Hz,CH3),4.06(1H,dd,J=11.4,6.3 Hz,H-1α),4.15(1H,dd,J = 11.4,4.4 Hz,H-1β),3.81(1H,m,H-2),3.55(1H,m,H-3α),3.65(1H,s,H-3β),2.35(2H,t,J = 7.5 Hz,H-2'),1.26~1.29(8H,m,H-5',6',16',17'),1.30~1.31(6H,overlap,H-4',7',15'),1.61(2H,m,H-3'),2.05~2.06(4H,overlap,H-8',14'),2.78(2H,t,J =6.8 Hz,H-11'),5.34(4H,overlap,H-9',10',12',13')。13C-NMR(CD3OD,150 MHz),δ:34.9(C-2'),30.2(C-3'),30.2(C-4'),30.3(C-5'),30.5(C-6'),32.7(C-7'),28.1(C-8'),28.2(C-14'),26.5(C-11'),30.7(C-15'),26.0(C-16'),23.6(C-17'),14.4(C-18')。经与文献[19]对照,鉴定化合物12为phospholipase A2。

3.13 化合物13

白色无定形粉末。1H-NMR(C5D5N,600 MHz),δ:2.28(2H,t,J = 7.4 Hz,H-2),1.23~1.29(26H,overlap,H-3-15),0.74(3H,t,J = 6.9 Hz,CH3)。13C-NMR(C5D5N,150 MHz),δ:176.0(C-1),34.4(C-2),25.3(C-3),29.7(C-4),29.7(C-5),29.7(C-6),29.7(C-7),29.7(C-8),29.4(C-9),29.6(C-10),29.4(C-11),29.3(C-12),29.5(C-13),31.9(C-14),22.7(C-15),13.8(C-16)。经与文献[20]对照,鉴定化合物13为十六烷酸。

3.14 化合物14

白色无定形粉末。HR-ESI-MS m/z:325[M +HCOOH-H]-。1H-NMR(CD3OD,600 MHz),δ:2.27(2H,t,J = 7.4 Hz,H-2),1.62(2H,m,H-3),1.34(14H,m,H-4,5,6,7,15,16,17),2.09(4H,overlap,H-8,14),5.36(4H,overlap,H-9,10,12,13),2.78(2H,t,J = 6.7 Hz,H-11),0.91(3H,t,J = 6.6 Hz,H-18)。13C-NMR(CD3OD,150 MHz),δ:177.7(C-1),35.0(C-2),32.6(C-3),30.2(C-4),30.2(C-5),30.3(C-6),30.5(C-7),28.2(C-8),129.0(C-9),130.9(C-10),26.6(C-11),130.8(C-12),129.1(C-13),28.2(C-14),30.7(C-15),26.1(C-16),23.6(C-17),14.5(C-18)。经与文献[21]对照,鉴定化合物14为亚油酸。

4 结果与讨论

本研究对东北雷公藤正丁醇层进行了系统的化学成分分离,共得到14个化合物,包括5个三萜类化合物(1~5),3 个二萜类化合物(6~8),一个环烯醚萜类化合物(9),一个木脂素类化合物(10),一个酚类化合物(11),3 个酚酸类化合物(12~14)。其中化合物3、4、6、7、8、9、10、12 为首次从卫矛科植物中分离得到。本研究进一步丰富了东北雷公藤的化学成分,为深入挖掘东北雷公藤的药效物质基础,合理利用其药用资源提供了科学依据。

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