教学考试杂志社“优师计划”阶段性成果展示——高考重点题型相关试题选登

Passage 1

Those working on behalf of ___61___ poor and the disabled might be inspired by a 73-year-old British woman,Rachel Pinniger,who has devoted years to ___62___ (train) doctors in the countryside around Asia.

It was in 2011 that she came to Chengdu.Rachel first started writing a book for rural ___63___ (physician) and then started her business by collecting handmade products,____64__can reduce local families’ financial burdens.To expand the market for her products,Rachel organized her overseas friends to buy the products as home decorations or gifts.She would also offer suggestions to local craftsmen (工匠) and help them find training to become ___65___ (professional) than before.

To further her efforts in China,Rachel,in 2013,opened a handicraft shop in Chengdu.Called “Blue Sheep”,it offers a wide ___66___ (various) of handmade ethnic (民族的) items.Although small,the store ___67___ (benefit) more than 600 poor families living in mountain areas so far.Rachel said that all the craft items ___68___ (display) at her store were made by the hands of those ethnic minority families and by the ___69___ (physical)disabled.

Unfortunately,she got cancer last year,but after a short period of treatment,she still insisted on opening the shop,and went into remote areas to help those ___70___ need.

【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了英国老奶奶Rachel Pinniger身患癌症，却在成都开了家小店，改变了很多人的一生的感人事迹。

61.【答案】the

【考查角度】考查冠词。

【解题分析】 the加形容词表示一类人。the poor意为“穷人”。故填the。

62.【答案】training

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】devote one’s time to doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“投入某人的时间做某事”。介词to后应接动名词。故填training。

63.【答案】physicians

【考查角度】考查名词的单复数。

【解题分析】此处表示Rachel首次为乡村医生写书。此处泛指“乡村医生”，其前无冠词，且physician为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填physicians。

64.【答案】which

【考查角度】考查定语从句。

【解题分析】此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容。故填which。

65.【答案】more professional

【考查角度】考查形容词的比较等级。

【解题分析】根据空格后的“than before”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填more professional。

66.【答案】variety

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】由空格前的“a wide”和空格后的“of ”可知，此处应用名词形式。故填variety。

67.【答案】has benefited

【考查角度】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

【解题分析】根据空格后的“so far”可知，此处应用现在完成时；且主语“the store”是第三人称单数，谓语动词也应用单三形式。故填has benefited。

68.【答案】displayed

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】逻辑主语“craft items”和动词display之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填displayed。

69.【答案】physically

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】此处应用副词修饰形容词“disabled”，作状语。故填physically。

70.【答案】in

【考查角度】考查介词。

【解题分析】固定短语in need意为“处于贫困中”。故填in。

【亮点句积累】To further her efforts in China,Rachel,in 2013,opened a handicraft shop in Chengdu.(第二段第一句)

译文：为了在中国做进一步努力，2013年，Rachel在成都开了一家手工艺商品店。

词汇积累：devotev.奉献ruraladj.农村的

burdenn.负担

Passage 2

Two-way communication is a process where two people are able to communicate in an interactive (互动的) way.This means that one person expresses an idea,which ___61___ (receive)and understood by the other person.___62___ receiver processes what has been said,and returns with a message,___63___ (allow)both sides in this process to communicate and understand each other.Two-way communication can also refer ___64___ a type of process where a company and another group exchange ideas.

The basic idea behind two-way communication is that there are two parties ___65___ (concern) and each one is able to express itself and receive information from the other.It is different from forms of communication in ___66___ only one party is able to express itself,such as a radio or television broadcast.In this type of communication，the ___67___ (able)for each party to express their ideas ___68___ (clear) is vital to this process.Finally be aware that non-verbal (非语言的)communication is typically used ___69___ (make) sure that one party understands the other accurately,___70___ verbal forms of expression are often important.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了双向沟通的特点及其作用。

61.【答案】is received

【考查角度】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。

【选项分析】understood前因并列连词and省略了动词is,注意此空不要受understood影响而盲目填received。

【解题分析】根据上文中的“means”可知，时态应为一般现在时；主语“an idea”与receive之间构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；且主语是单数形式，谓语动词应为单三形式。故填is received。

62.【答案】The

【考查角度】考查冠词。

【解题分析】此处应用定冠词the特指双向沟通中收到信息的一方。故填The。注意首字母大写。

63.【答案】allowing

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】根据语境可知，收到信息的一方处理之前的谈话，并回信息，使在这个过程中的双方能够彼此交流，互相理解。此处应用现在分词作状语，表示必然的结果。故填allowing。

64.【答案】to

【考查角度】考查介词。

【解题分析】refer to为固定搭配，意为“指的是”。故填to。

65.【答案】concerned

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】“parties”与concern之间构成动宾关系，此处应用concerned作“parties”的后置定语。故填concerned。

66.【答案】which

【考查角度】考查定语从句。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，此处应用in which引导定语从句，修饰先行词“communication”，注意前面有介词in，不能用that。故填which。

67.【答案】ability

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】根据语境可知，在这种交流形式中，双方能清楚地表达自己的想法对于交流过程来说是至关重要的。此处应用名词作句子的主语。故填ability。

68.【答案】clearly

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】此处应用副词修饰动词“express”。故填clearly。

69.【答案】to make

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】根据语境可知，为了确保一方能够准确理解另一方的意思，非语言形式的表达通常也被用到。此处应用动词不定式表目的。故填to make。

70.【答案】although/though

【考查角度】考查连词。

【选项分析】注意此空不要填but。but为并列连词，表转折关系。在使用but的并列句时，其重点在but引导的转折句。而本句的重点在于逗号前面，逗号后面although/though引导的让步状语从句起补充说明作用。

【解题分析】此处表示“非语言形式表达通常也会用到，尽管语言表达的形式很重要。”此处应用although或though引导让步状语从句。故填although/though。

【长难句分析】Two-way communication is a process where two people are able to communicate in an interactive (互动的) way.（第一段第一句）

分析：本句是一个复合句。where引导定语从句，先行词是a process。

译文：双向交流是一种两个人以互动形式进行交流的过程。

【词汇积累】exchangev.交换broadcastn.广播

accuratelyadv.准确地，精确地

expressionn.表达

Passage 3

We used to believe there were nine planets,___61___ now there are eight (Pluto is not a planet).Now we may also have to change how many continents there are.We ___62___ (teach)there are seven—Asia,Africa,North and South America,Antarctica,Europe,and Australia.Geologists (地质学者)now say there is an ___63___ (eight) continent—Zealandia.This is a big,___64___ (main) underwater landmass (大陆) in the Pacific Ocean.Six per cent of it is above water and is New Zealand and New Caledonia.The rest ___65___ (be) under the ocean.It is five million square kilometres,___66___ scientists say is big enough to be a continent.

Geologists said Zealandia is a continent because of four__67___ (point):It is a lot higher than the area around it,it has a special geology (地质概况),it is easy to see its shape,and it is_68___ (thick) than the ocean floor.A geologist said it would be easy to understand that Zealandia is a continent,“if you could pull the plug on the world’s oceans”and let ___69___ water out.It may take time for scientists ___70___ (agree) there are eight continents.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们发现了另一个新大陆Zealandia，并介绍了该大陆的特点。

61.【答案】but

【考查角度】考查连词。

【解题分析】根据上下文语境可知，两句之间为转折关系。故填but。

62.【答案】are taught

【考查角度】考查动词的时态和语态。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，该句描述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语“We”与动词teach之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are taught。

63.【答案】 eighth

【考查角度】考查序数词。

【解题分析】根据语境可知，Zealandia是第八个大陆。故填eighth。

64.【答案】mainly

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】此处应用副词修饰形容词“underwater”。故填mainly。

65.【答案】is

【考查角度】考查主谓一致。

【解题分析】根据上文语境可知，此处“The rest”指94%的大陆，在句中作主语时，谓语动词为单数形式。故填is。

66.【答案】 which

【考查角度】考查定语从句。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，本句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“five million square kilometres”，在从句中作主语。故填which。

67.【答案】 points

【考查角度】考查名词的单复数。

【解题分析】数词“four”后应接可数名词的复数形式。故填points。

68.【答案】thicker

【考查角度】考查形容词的比较等级。

【解题分析】根据下文中的“than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填thicker。

69.【答案】the

【考查角度】考查冠词。

【解题分析】此处特指上文提到的世界海洋中的水，应用定冠词the。故填the。

70.【答案】 to agree

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】固定句式It takes some time for sb.to do sth.意为“某人花费多少时间做某事。”故填to agree。

【长难句分析】 It is five million square kilometres,which scientists say is big enough to be a continent.（第一段最后一句）

分析：这是一个主从复合句。which引导非限制性定语从句；该从句中的scientists say为插入语。

译文：Zealandia有五百万平方公里，科学家们说它足够大，足以成为一个大陆。

【词汇积累】planetn.行星continentn.大陆

arean.地区geologistn.地质学家

Passage 4

Tang Yin (唐寅1470 -1524) was a leading poet,calligrapher(书法家）and painter of ___61___ Ming dynasty (1368 -1644)in China.He was recognized ___62___ one of the four most outstanding scholars in Jiangnan.However,due to the law case in which he was involved in,he failed ___63___ (become) an official and had to earn his living by painting.After that,he devoted ___64___ (he) to painting.___65___ (creative),he combined the painting styles of the north with the south.The painting,Thatched Cottage in the Western Mountains(《西山草堂图》）,__66___ (produce) by Tang for a scholar from Jiangsu Province,Ding Qiande,to celebrate his purchase of a new residence.It gives an ___67___ (impress) of Ding’s new home as an ideal scholar’s cottage nestled in a landscape,___68___ (overlook) a stretch of water.Ding is shown reading inside his cottage with a ___69___ (consider) servant by his side as he waits for a visitor.This painting was once in the Qing royal collection and carries an inscription (题词）by the Qianlong emperor,___70___ ruled from 1736 to 1795.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国明代著名的画家、书法家和诗人——唐寅,以及他的一幅画作。

61.【答案】the

【考查角度】考查冠词。

【解题分析】表示朝代的名词前应用定冠词the。故填the。

62.【答案】as

【考查角度】考查介词。

【解题分析】be recognized as意为“被认为是”，为固定搭配。故填as。

63.【答案】to become

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】fail to do sth.意为“做某事失败”，为固定搭配。故填 to become。

64.【答案】himself

【考查角度】考查代词。

【解题分析】devote oneself to sth.意为“致力于做某事”，为固定搭配，且此处主语是“he”。故填himself。

65.【答案】Creatively

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】此处应用副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Creatively。注意首字母大写。

66.【答案】is produced

【考查角度】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，主语“painting”与produce之间构成被动关系，应用produce的被动形式；且此处是在陈述事实，应用一般现在时；主语是“painting”，谓语动词应用单三形式。故填is produced。

67.【答案】impression

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】此处应用名词作“gives”的宾语。故填impression。

68.【答案】overlooking

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，此处应用现在分词作状语，表示“俯瞰一片水域”。故填overlooking。

69.【答案】considerate

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】此处应用形容词修饰名词“servant”。故填considerate。

70.【答案】who

【考查角度】考查定语从句。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“Qianlong emperor”，指人，因此应用who引导。故填who。

【亮点句积累】The painting,Thatched Cottage in the Western Mountains(《西山草堂图》）,is produced by Tang for a scholar from Jiangsu Province,Ding Qiande,to celebrate his purchase of a new residence.（第六句）

译文：《西山草堂图》是唐寅画来赠予一位来自江苏省叫做Ding Qiande的学者的乔迁之作。

词汇积累：residencen.住宅 landscapen.风景

earn one’s living谋生

Passage 5

This traditional Chinese food dates back almost 2 000 years.During the Lunar New Year,dumplings are ___61___ essential dish to enjoy during the celebrations.

The classic fold of Chinese dumplings ___62___ (shape) like a silver ingot (锭，铸块),a currency in ancient China.The belief is that the ___63___ (many) dumplings you make and eat,the more money and wealth you will make for the New Year.Dumplings represent the changing or exchange of new time.By ___64 (consume)the dumplings you are welcoming the new year and new fortunes.

__65___ (typical),families will gather ___66___ Lunar New Year’s Eve to make dumplings together.Wheat flour wraps are filled with regional ingredients such as pork,shrimp,chicken,or ___67___ (vegetable).Sometimes dumplings are folded ___68(look) like small purse,___69___ is another symbol of wealth.“They can be steamed,pan-fried,or deep-fried.If you want to start your own dumpling-making tradition,___70___ (try)my Chicken Mushroom Pot Stickers and Vegetable Tofu Dumplings,”said Chef Henry Lu of Loosie’s Kitchen in Brooklyn,New York.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的一道传统饮食——饺子以及它的历史、形状、食用饺子的节日和寓意。

61.【答案】an

【考查角度】考查冠词。

【解题分析】此处泛指“一道必不可少的食物”，且“essential”是读音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an修饰。故填an。

62.【答案】is shaped

【考查角度】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，主语“The classic fold”与 shape之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知，此处陈述的是客观情况，应用一般现在时；且主语“The classic fold”为单数，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。故填is shaped。

63.【答案】more

【考查角度】考查形容词的比较等级。

【解题分析】根据下文中的“the more money”可知，此处使用固定句型“the more...,the more...”，意为“越……越……”。故填more。

64.【答案】consuming

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】介词“By”后应接动名词。故填consuming。

65.【答案】Typically

【考查角度】考查词性转换。

【解题分析】此处应用副词修饰整个句子。故填Typically。注意首字母大写。

66.【答案】on

【考查角度】考查介词。

【解题分析】此处表示在中国春节的除夕夜，表示具体某一天应用介词on。故填on。

67.【答案】vegetables

【考查角度】考查名词的单复数。

【解题分析】此处表示猪肉，虾肉，鸡肉和蔬菜都是饺子馅的原料。vegetable表示种类时，是可数名词，此处应是多种蔬菜，所以应用其复数形式。故填vegetables。

68.【答案】to look

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】此处表示饺子被包成看起来像小钱包的样子，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to look。

69.【答案】which

【考查角度】考查定语从句。

【解题分析】空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为“small purse”,指物，在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。

70.【答案】try

【考查角度】考查祈使句。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，应用动词原形。故填try。

词汇积累：essentialadj.必要的

representv.代表，象征

date back追溯到

Passage 6

The first Confucius Institute(CI) opened on 21 November 2004 in Seoul,South Korea,after Hanban established ___61_pilot institute in Tashkent,Uzbekistan in June 2004.The CI in South Korea ___62___ (be) no longer active now.The second Confucius Institute opened on the campus of the University of Maryland,College Park,also in November 2004.Hundreds more ___63___ (found) since in dozens of countries around the world,with the highest concentration of Institutes in the United States,Japan,and South Korea.In April 2007,the first research-based Confucius Institute opened in Waseda University in Japan,___64___ is very popular now.In partnership with Peking University,the program promotes research ___65(activity) of graduate students ___66___ (study) Chinese.As of 2014,there were over 480 Confucius Institutes in dozens of countries ___67___ six continents.The Ministry of Education estimates 100 million people overseas may be learning Chinese by 2010 and ___68___ the program is expanding ___69___ (rapid)in order to keep up.Hanban aims ___70___ (establish) 1 000 Confucius Institutes by 2020.

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了孔子学院的历史、现状及其未来发展的前景。

61.【答案】a

【考查角度】考查冠词。

【解题分析】此处泛指“一所试点学院”，且“pilot”是读音以辅音音素开头的单词，其前应用不定冠词a。故填a。

62.【答案】is

【考查角度】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。

【解题分析】句意为：现在，韩国的孔子学院不再活跃了。主语“The CI”是单数，谓语动词应用单数形式；且根据文章时态可知，此处应用一般现在时。故填is。

63.【答案】have been founded

【考查角度】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。

【解题分析】主语“Hundreds more”为复数，谓语动词应用复数形式；且主语“Hundreds more”与动词found之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据“since”可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填have been founded。

64.【答案】which

【考查角度】考查定语从句。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“the first research-based Confucius Institute”，指物，在从句中作主语，故应用which引导该从句。故填which。

65.【答案】activities

【考查角度】考查名词的单复数。

【解题分析】activity为可数名词，此处表示“研究生的活动”，应用名词复数形式。故填activities。

66.【答案】studying

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】此处表示“研究汉语的研究生”，且“graduate students”和study之间是主动关系。故填studying。

67.【答案】on

【考查角度】考查介词。

【解题分析】此处表示“在六大洲的国家”，应用介词on。故填on。

68.【答案】that

【考查角度】考查宾语从句。

【解题分析】分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句。本句谓语动词“estimates”后有两个从句，第一个从句中的that可以省略；第二个从句中的that不可省略，否则会引起语义混乱。故填that。

69.【答案】rapidly

【考查角度】考查副词。

【解题分析】此处应用副词修饰动词“expanding”。故填rapidly。

70.【答案】to establish

【考查角度】考查非谓语动词。

【解题分析】aims to do为固定用法，意为“目标为……”。故填to establish。

【亮点句积累】Hundreds more have been founded since in dozens of countries around the world,with the highest concentration of Institutes in the United States,Japan,and South Korea.（第四句）

译文：从那时起，几百家孔子学院在世界各地开办起来，最受人关注的是建在美国、日本和韩国的孔子学院。