Study on the Development of Modern Characteristic Agriculture in Ethnic Minority Areas in China

Haiyan GAN

Guangxi Agricultural Vocational College, Nanning 530007, China; Guangxi Agricultural Association, Nanning 530022, China

Abstract China’s ethnic minority areas are rich in agricultural resources, but due to natural and historical reasons, the economic foundation is weak, the level of social and economic development is low, and it lags behind in the national economic development. The development of modern characteristic agriculture is the need to speed up the economic development of ethnic minority areas, a strong means to promote the supply-side structural reform of agriculture in ethnic minority areas, and a breakthrough point to promote the economic development of ethnic minority areas. Under the new normal, profound changes have taken place in the new level of development of productive forces and the property rights relations, and the internal and external environment of agricultural development has changed dramatically. Profound changes have taken place in the supply and demand of agricultural products. Ethnic minority areas should give full play to their regional endowments, transform traditional agriculture, creatively develop modern characteristic agriculture, and accelerate their social and economic development. This paper considers and analyzes the importance, present situation and restrictive factors of developing modern characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas, and puts forward some ideas and measures for the creative development of modern characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas.

Key words Ethnic minority areas, Characteristic agriculture, Economy, Creativity, Development

1 Introduction

Modern characteristic agriculture is a kind of modern agriculture which uses the unique agricultural resources in the region to develop unique famous and high-quality products and transform them into characteristic commodities[1]. Agricultural resources include agricultural natural resources and agricultural economic resources.

Characteristic agriculture has a strong regional characteristic. Different regions have different natural conditions, industrial base and other agricultural resources, and characteristic agriculture is also different. Ethnic minority areas in China refer to the five autonomous regions of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Guangxi, Ningxia and Tibet and three provinces with a high proportion of ethnic minorities (Yunnan, Qinghai and Guizhou). The total area of ethnic minority areas accounts for more than 64% of the country’s total area. The agricultural resources in ethnic minority areas are unique. On the one hand, they are rich in natural resources, good mountains and waters, and have long farming culture and colorful national culture. On the other hand, due to natural and historical reasons, the economy lags behind, most of them are poor areas, and the industrial foundation is weak. There is a large gap compared with the economic development of the whole country. Making use of regional endowment and developing modern characteristic agriculture according to local conditions is of great significance to promoting rapid and sustainable economic development and social progress in ethnic minority areas. Therefore, against the backdrop of profound changes in the new level of development of productive forces and property rights, and profound changes in the supply and demand of agricultural products, it is of great practical significance and far-reaching strategic significance to study the creative development of modern characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas. This paper makes an in-depth reflection and analysis on the importance, present situation and restrictive factors of developing modern characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas, and puts forward the ideas and measures for the creative development of modern characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas, in order to provide theoretical and practical reference for promoting the development of modern characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas and speeding up the social and economic development of ethnic minority areas.

2 The significance of developing modern characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas

2.1ThedevelopmentofcharacteristicagricultureistheneedtospeeduptheeconomicdevelopmentofethnicminorityareasEthnic minority areas have a large area and a large population, accounting for about 60% of the total population of ethnic minorities in the country. At the same time, most of them gather in the western border areas, the strategic position is very important, and its economic and social development is directly related to the country’s economic and social development, related to the prosperity of the country. Speeding up the economic development of ethnic minority areas is an important strategy for our country to realize modernization and a major deployment for realizing our national unity and border stability.

Agriculture is the basis and the most important part of economic and social development in ethnic minority areas. Agricultural resources in ethnic minority areas are unique, and characteristic agriculture is the strategic focus of agricultural development. As early as 2002, the Ministry of Agriculture formulated the "Opinions on Speeding up the Development of Characteristic Agriculture in the Western Region", clearly pointing out that it is necessary to deepen the understanding of the importance of developing characteristic agriculture in the western region, and the development of characteristic agriculture is the key task of implementing the strategy of large-scale development of the western region[2]. Taking the road of characteristics is the inherent requirement of the economic development of ethnic minority areas. The economic foundation of ethnic minority areas is weak, and at present, there is an insurmountable gap between ethnic minority areas and the developed areas in the east, so there is an urgent need to adjust the main direction of agricultural structure and develop characteristic agriculture. By developing characteristic agriculture and planting development advantages, we can solve the problems of economic development in ethnic minority areas and speed up the pace of economic development in ethnic minority areas.

2.2DevelopingcharacteristicagricultureisastrongmeansforpromotingthestructuralreformofagriculturalsupplysideinethnicminorityareasDocument No.1 of the CPC Central Committee from 2016 to 2017 stressed the need to promote supply-side structural reform in agriculture for two consecutive years. The core of the supply-side reform is to require the products produced by farmers to meet the needs of consumers and to achieve seamless connection between the place of origin and the place of consumption. The purpose of characteristic agriculture is to meet people’s growing demand for diverse agricultural products, emphasizing market-oriented and benefit-centered. It emphasizes the heterogeneity of resources and the high quality and high value of products, and emphasizes the regional layout and the particularity of supply. For this reason, the development of characteristic agriculture is the main direction of agricultural supply-side structural reform in ethnic minority areas. Ethnic minority areas should make use of their unique resource conditions to produce characteristic agricultural products that meet the needs of consumers and cultivate agricultural industrial belts and industrial clusters with national and regional characteristics. It should build an agricultural industrial chain with the characteristic resources of ethnic minorities as the core, and meet the green, high-quality and diverse domestic and foreign market needs, in order to solve the bottleneck of deep, diversified and multi-channel development and utilization of agricultural resources in ethnic minority areas, cultivate new driving forces for ethnic minority economic growth, and expand new space for ethnic minority economic development.

2.3DevelopingcharacteristicagricultureisabreakthroughpointtopromotetheeconomicdevelopmentofethnicminorityareasDue to natural and historical reasons, the economy of ethnic minority areas is relatively backward, most of them are poor areas, and the industrial foundation is weak. "Remoteness" and "poverty" are the two disadvantages of ethnic minority areas. With the transformation of society and economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, green, ecological, organic and healthy agricultural and sideline products have been favored by the society. Ethnic minority areas have a vast territory, diverse ecological and climatic types, rich light, heat, water and soil resources, and diverse species for unique development of characteristic agriculture. Through the development of modern characteristic agriculture, it is necessary to build a number of large-scale and standardized production bases of characteristic agricultural products, and produce famous, special, excellent, new, and refined agricultural products that conform to the organic, green, ecological and healthy concepts, to meet the growing specific consumer market demand. It can not only increase agricultural production and farmers’ income, but also promote the development of processing, storage, transportation, culture, tourism, catering and other related industries, and realize the integrated development of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, and turn the unique resource advantages into economic advantages, to promote regional economic development. For example, in the karst area of Pingguo County, Baise City, Guangxi, the original national key county for poverty alleviation and development, the development of dragon fruit industry in accordance with local conditions has greatly promoted the development of local economy and become a good way to control rocky desertification and for farmers to get rich. The development of characteristic agriculture is a breakthrough point in the economic development of ethnic minority areas, and a powerful engine of economic and social development, which is of great significance to speeding up the improvement of the current situation of poverty in ethnic minority areas and promoting poverty alleviation in ethnic minority areas[3].

3 The present situation of the development of modern characteristic agriculture in China’s minority areas

Since the implementation of the large-scale agricultural development in the western region, starting from the advantages of resources, environment and location, the minority areas have taken the development of characteristic agriculture as a breakthrough point in economic development and an important way to increase farmers’ income. The development of characteristic agriculture is booming, showing a good situation and momentum. For example, Guangxi has continuously promoted the "10+3" project of characteristic industries in recent years, and characteristic agriculture has developed rapidly, and a number of production bases with great influence in the country have been built. It has formed a number of advantageous agricultural industries with distinct characteristics, such as grain, sugarcane, vegetables, fruits, silkworms, tea, edible fungi, cattle, and sheep, live pigs, aquatic products, and the Chinese herbal medicine. At present, the total output of agricultural products (sugarcane, autumn and winter vegetables, silkworm, wood, cassava and other agricultural products, as well as jasmine tea, dragon fruit, passion fruit, avocado,Agaricusbisporus, buffalo milk, yellow feather broiler, Jinjiang oyster) with local characteristics ranks first in the country. Among them, sugarcane area, raw sugarcane output and sugar yield all account for more than 60% of the country’s total, jasmine tea processing amount accounts for more than 80% of the country’s total, and cocoon production accounts for about 45% of the country’s total. In 2005, Inner Mongolia was designated as one of the seven characteristic agricultural production bases in the western region by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. At present, the basic framework of characteristic agriculture has been formed, and the four characteristic agricultural industries of miscellaneous grains and beans, sugar beet, muskmelon and traditional Chinese medicine are beginning to take shape. Yunnan highlights the six key points of the construction of plateau granaries, mountain animal husbandry, characteristic farming, freshwater fishery, high-efficiency forestry and open agriculture, and vigorously develops plateau characteristic agriculture. In 2015, the total agricultural output value of the province reached 338.31 billion yuan[4], and the area and output of rubber, coffee and flowers ranked first in the country. Xinjiang vigorously implements the strategy of resource conversion, promotes the regional layout of characteristic agriculture, and the characteristic agriculture develops vigorously. Cotton production is the first in the country, and industrial tomatoes occupy the largest position in Asia. With the development of characteristic agriculture, the per capita net income of farmers in Xinjiang has increased at an average annual rate of 8.9%. Ningxia has successively issued policies and planning measures such as "Regional Layout and Development Plan of Ningxia Characteristic Advantageous Agricultural Products" and "Leading Enterprise Upgrading Project". It vigorously develops six regional characteristic advantageous industries: high-quality grain, grape, red jujube, crop seed production, high-quality forage grass and freshwater fish. It vigorously develops the five strategic leading industries of halal beef and mutton, milk, Chinese wolfberry, melons and vegetables, and potatoes, as well as two local characteristic industries of authentic apples and traditional Chinese medicine[5]. It has formed 13 characteristic competitive agricultural industrial belts, and the concentration degree of characteristic competitive industries in the whole autonomous region has reached more than 82%. Guizhou Province develops modern and efficient agriculture in mountainous areas, traditional Chinese medicine, summer and autumn out-of-season vegetables, chili, potato, Kuding tea, citrus, pear, flower, fragrant pig, black bone chicken, wildosmanthusnectar, characteristic fishery and so on have come to the fore in the market, forming an industrial pattern of "one county, one product" and "one place, one feature". In recent years, characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas has developed rapidly and achieved certain results.

However, the level of comprehensive development is not high enough, the industry is large but not strong, large but not excellent, and the contradiction between product and consumption upgrading is prominent. There is a certain gap between it and the development level of agriculture with characteristics in the country, and it is at a low level.

4 The bottleneck of the development of modern characteristic agriculture in China’s ethnic minority areas

4.1TheagriculturalinfrastructureisweakandtheabilitytoresistandreducedisastersisnotstrongEthnic minority areas are located in remote areas with poor natural conditions, weak agricultural infrastructure and disrepair of farmland and water conservancy project. The equipment is outdated and the modern production equipment is old, which is far from being able to meet the needs of the development of modern characteristic agriculture. For example, Guangxi is in the transitional zone from the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to the southeast coastal hills, with mountains and hills accounting for 68.3% of the land area, plains accounting for only 23.4% of the total land area. There are many hills and mountainous areas. Agricultural infrastructure is backward, production equipment is old, and it lacks complete modern production equipment, so it is difficult to form large-scale and mechanized production. At the same time, due to the frequent occurrence of typhoons, droughts, floods, freezing and other extreme weather conditions, there are serious soil erosion, and intensified rocky desertification. The diseases, pests and biological disasters occur from time to time, the degree of agricultural disaster continues to increase, and the scope also continues to expand. In particular, biological disasters occur frequently in recent years, affecting an area of 14.667 million to 17.334 million ha, with an average annual growth rate of about 10%, and direct economic losses of more than 1 billion yuan[6]. Infrastructure is the lifeblood of agriculture, and the situation of disaster prevention and reduction is becoming more and more serious, so it is more urgent to strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure.

4.2Theindustrialchainisshortandtheaddedvalueislow

First, the development of characteristic agricultural products is not enough and the industrial chain is short. For agricultural products, it is mainly based on the sale of raw materials, or it only carries out simple primary processing, and does not expand the whole process before, during and after production, and the value-added rate of processing and transformation is low. For example, in 2016, the processing rate of agricultural products in Guangxi was less than 40 %, far lower than the national average. There is a big gap between it and the State Council’s proposal that the conversion rate of agricultural products processing will reach 68% by 2020. In 2015, the income structure ratio of the main business of agricultural products processing industry in the eastern, central and western regions was 50.6∶25.2∶15.7, and the ratio in the west, dominated by ethnic minorities, was much lower than that in the east. For example, the output of sucrose and silkworm in Guangxi ranks first in the country for several years, and it is still dominated by primary processing. For sucrose, it mainly sells white granulated sugar, lacking candy and other deeply processed products. More than 90% of cocoons and raw silk are sold directly outside the zone, and intensive processing of silk is still blank.

Second, the depth of development is not enough. The deep processing of agricultural products is not enough, and the content of science and technology is relatively low. For example, it accounts for only 20% in Guangxi.

Third, there are few characteristic products and brands. Agricultural products lack regional cultural exploitation, packaging, display and creativity of ethnic minorities. Many agricultural products have a good reputation but no brand, distinctive but unknown. For example, a large number of characteristic products, such as Guangxi citrus and Shatian pomelo, are well-known in Guangxi, but they are rarely known outside Guangxi due to the lack of brands. It is difficult to get deep recognition and high recognition in the market, and there is a lack of some brands that can promote the development of the entire industry and are well-known in domestic and foreign markets.

4.3Theoperationisscatteredandthedegreeoflarge-scaleandorganizedproductionisnothighThe production and operation of modern characteristic agriculture in minority areas is still dominated by the decentralized operation of farmers, and the industrial scale is generally small. The moderate operation scale is far lower than the national average level, and the degree of large-scale organized production is not high. The basic role of the market in allocating resources has not been brought into full play. By the end of 2014, the cumulative land transfer area in Guangxi was 4.52 billion ha, accounting for about 20 % of the total land contracted by farmers, far lower than the national level of 30 % in the same period. The comprehensive mechanization level of major crops was nearly 14 %age points lower than the national average. The area of orchards with an average of less than 1 333 m2of fruit per household in the autonomous region accounts for 71%, and the area of orchards with more than 3.3 ha accounts for only 1.2%. The decentralization of management makes it difficult to unify the production behavior among farmers, seriously affects the organization and industrialization level of agriculture, and does not meet the requirements of the development of modern agriculture. More importantly, when production is out of line with the market, it is extremely difficult to "sell" agricultural products, and farmers increase production without increasing income. The main reasons for decentralized operation are as follows: First, the cultivation of new business entities is not enough, it is lacking in agricultural leading enterprises, farmers’ cooperatives and family farms and other new business entities, especially the strong, well-known leading enterprises. In Guangxi, for example, there is only one agricultural enterprise with an output value of just over 10 billion yuan, one with an output value of more than 5 billion yuan, and the number of leading agricultural enterprises above scale is less than 2% of the country’s total. Second, the degree of organization of agricultural production is low, there is mainly a simple buying and selling relationship between enterprises and order farmers, and the level of cooperation is still low. The interest community and stable driving relationship of "risk-sharing and benefit-sharing" have not been formed yet, and there is little room for farmers to increase their income and benefit.

4.4Thesupportofscienceandtechnologyisinsufficient,andthesocialservicesystemlagsbehindDue to various reasons, the construction of grass-roots agricultural technology promotion, agricultural information service and agricultural product quality and safety supervision system in minority areas lags behind. There is a lack of scientific and technological leaders and top-notch talents, applied basic research is weak, and independent research and development capability is not strong. The level of scientific and technological innovation is low, and the momentum of industrial development is insufficient, which is not compatible with the speed of industrial development. At the same time, there are few professional and technical personnel at the grass-roots level, and the technological promotion conditions are backward, which seriously affect the popularization and application of new varieties and new technologies. In Guangxi, for example, only a few leading enterprises at the national and autonomous region level have R&D institutions, and most agricultural enterprises have a low level of technology and equipment, and their scientific and technological support capacity is not strong. The 197 key leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization above the autonomous region level have 184 500 employees and 12 700 R&D personnel, accounting for only 6.9%. There are only 6 736 agricultural technology extension personnel at the county level in the autonomous region, which is not commensurate with the heavy technology extension work.

4.5ThecapitalinvestmentissmallandthefinancingchannelsarenotperfectThe economic foundation of ethnic minority areas is weak, the government investment in agriculture is limited, and the investment in characteristic agriculture is even less. The management of farmers is scattered, their own financial resources are weak, and the investment of funds is small. The interest linkage mechanism among leading enterprises, cooperatives and farmers is not perfect, which also affects capital investment. At the same time, due to the imperfect financing channels, financing is very difficult, and industrial development lacks the necessary financial support. The scale of business entities in ethnic minority areas is generally small, and the scale of most provincial leading enterprises is less than 10 million yuan. Their anti-risk ability is poor, the effective collateral is insufficient, and the bank credit rating is not high. It is more difficult for them to obtain bank loans, especially for small and medium-sized leading enterprises and farmers. The lack of funds has affected scientific and technological innovation, technological promotion and the improvement of infrastructure and modern equipment to a great extent. It is difficult to meet the needs of the development of modern characteristic agriculture, and it is an important reason why the comprehensive development level of modern characteristic agriculture in ethnic minority areas is not high.

5 Creatively developing modern characteristic agriculture and speeding up the promotion of economy in ethnic minority areas

Ethnic minority areas have beautiful scenery, rich natural resources and profound farming culture. It has strong ethnic customs and unique advantages in the development of characteristic agriculture. The tide of agricultural supply-side structural reform provides a better opportunity for it to develop modern characteristic agriculture. Innovation is the key to the development of modern characteristic agriculture. The creative development of modern characteristic agriculture can make characteristic agriculture become the pillar industry in ethnic minority areas, so as to promote economic development, increase farmers’ income and make country powerful.

5.1Makingthecharacteristicindustrybigger,strongerandbetterbasedontheadvantageofresourcesFirst, it is necessary to fully tap the advantages of regional resources and cultivate brands. Based on the concept of innovative, coordinated, green, open and shared development, according to the supply and demand requirements of domestic and foreign markets for agricultural products, and combined with regional endowments, it is necessary to select industries or varieties with great market potential to tap and develop, to form their own leading industries and leading brands. For example, Guangxi, with its back to the southwest, adjacent to Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, and facing Southeast Asia, is an important gateway for Belt and Road Initiative. It is necessary to make full use of the advantages of resources and the environment, do a good job in developing export-oriented characteristic agriculture, and make characteristic industries bigger and stronger. The second is to upgrade modern characteristic industries and speed up the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. The farming culture in ethnic minority areas is deep, and the traditional consciousness is deep-rooted. It is necessary to speed up the construction of a number of production bases for high-yield, high-quality and high-efficiency agricultural products, such as grain, sugar, vegetables, fruits, and livestock, in line with local conditions, cultivate a number of competitive agricultural products processing enterprises, transform traditional industries, and drive farmers to become rich. Third, it is necessary to create unique and differentiated industries and agricultural products, enrich the connotation of agricultural products, and improve the industrial quality and level. Products should fully highlight regional culture, regional characteristics and national characteristics. In Guangxi, there are 12 ethnic groups, the language, clothing, folk customs and folk art of ethnic minorities constitute a variety of ethnic customs. In the long-term production and life, a unique farming culture of ethnic minorities has been formed, including the "Na" culture of the Zhuang nationality, the "Yougeng" culture of the Miao nationality, the "Hecang" culture of the Dong nationality, and so on. It combines national customs, farming culture and characteristic industries to create a number of national characteristic brands and landmark products such as "Liu Sanjie".

5.2StrengtheningtheconstructionofagriculturalinfrastructureandpavingthewayforthedevelopmentofcharacteristicagricultureFirst of all, it is necessary to formulate and improve relevant policies and measures. It is necessary to define the scope of management and protection of facilities construction, clarify the sources of funds for facilities construction, stipulate the standard of subsidies for facilities construction, improve and perfect the long-term mechanism for the construction and management of irrigation and water conservancy, promote the regularization and institutionalization of irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure construction, management and protection, ensure the normal and rational use of irrigation and water conservancy infrastructure, and meet the needs of agricultural development. Second, it is necessary to promote the construction of high-standard farmland on a large scale and improve the production conditions of agriculture with characteristics. It is necessary to speed up the construction of irrigation and water conservancy according to the standard, promote the renovation of rural land on a large scale, implement the consolidation of cultivated land, promote the combination of farmland, farming machinery and agronomy, and improve the comprehensive production capacity of characteristic agriculture. Third, through the formulation of relevant incentive policies, it is necessary to make rational use of agricultural policy funds, integrate agriculture-related funds, introduce social capital, and strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure such as irrigation and water conservancy, land renovation and market logistics, improve production equipment, and raise the level of modern production equipment.

5.3Promotingtheintegrateddevelopmentofprimary,secondaryandtertiaryindustriesandextendingtheindustrialchainThe primary industry is fundamental, the secondary industry should increase profits, and the tertiary industry should expand its benefits. It is necessary to explore a new model to break through the bottleneck of the integration of the primary, secondary and tertiary industries, lengthwise and horizontally expand the chains and functions of the agricultural industry. It is necessary to build a multi-format and multi-functional modern characteristic agricultural industrial system, and promote the development of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry on the basis of ensuring the production of the primary industry. First, we should rely on rich raw materials for agricultural products, deeply develop characteristic agricultural products, extend the industrial chain, increase the added value of characteristic agricultural products, and promote the transformation and upgrading of characteristic industries. For example, the output of jasmine in Guangxi accounts for more than 80% of that of the country and more than 60% of that of the world. It makes use of the rich resources of jasmine to develop a series of jasmine products, making Guangxi really become the "hometown of jasmine in the world". The second is to expand the functions of agriculture, strengthen the development of leisure agriculture, ecological agriculture, selenium-rich agriculture, circular agriculture and other emerging characteristic industries, and promote the cross-integration of agriculture and other industries. For example, Guangxi develops the circular industry chain, promotes the characteristic ecological circular agricultural model such as "rice-fish symbiosis", "pig biogas fruit", and underforest economy, and forms multi-industry three-dimensional symbiosis such as agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing and tourism. The industrial structure system of modern ecological circular agriculture is developed, in order to greatly improve the industrial efficiency. Third, it is necessary to promote the extension and integration of the agricultural industrial chain, adopt Internet+agricultural model, and establish a R&D plus supply and marketing feedback system. It is necessary to extend agriculture as the center to the front and rear chain, from simple agricultural production to the integration of research, production, supply and marketing, and connect resource mining, agricultural production, processing, and marketing.

5.4ConstructinganewmodernagriculturalmanagementsystemandimprovingthedegreeoforganizationandscaleofcharacteristicagricultureAs early as 2014, the No.1 document of the Central Committee pointed out that it is necessary to support the development of new types of agricultural operators. Document No.1 in 2020 puts more emphasis on speeding up the cultivation of new momentum for agricultural and rural development. Cultivating a new type of agricultural management system is an important strategic measure to promote the modernization of a new type of agriculture with Chinese characteristics, and an important and effective way to enhance the level of industrialization and scale of characteristic agriculture. First, it is necessary to speed up the cultivation of new types of agricultural operators. It is necessary to vigorously support the development of new types of agricultural operators, such as farmers’ cooperatives, professional large households, family farms and leading agricultural enterprises, and promote the corporatization, intensification, and modernization of agricultural management. In particular, it is necessary to increase the support of farmers’ cooperatives and attach importance to their organizational effect in farmers’ production and income increase. The second is to strengthen the standardization of land transfer. It is necessary to innovate methods and establish a set of rural land contractual management rights confirmation and transfer mechanism in line with social change and agricultural economic development. It is necessary to promote the construction of a tangible market for the transfer of land contractual management rights, support the construction of land transfer service centers and dispute arbitration infrastructure for rural land contractual management, and promote the appropriate scale operation of characteristic industries. Third, it is necessary to correctly handle the cooperative relationship between enterprises and order farmers. It is necessary to innovate the way of cooperation, enhance the level of cooperation between enterprises and order farmers, increase the space for farmers to increase their income, improve the efficiency of farmers in planting and breeding, and promote agricultural organized and large-scale production.

5.5StrengtheningthesupportofscienceandtechnologyandenhancingthemomentumofthedevelopmentofcharacteristicagricultureScientific and technological innovation is the vitality of the sustained and healthy development of modern characteristic agriculture. It is necessary to establish and improve the technological innovation system and production system matched with the industrial development of the region. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of basic research, agricultural technology popularization at the grass-roots level, agricultural information service, and supervision system for the quality and safety of agricultural products. It is necessary to strengthen applied basic research, rely on agricultural academician advisers, leading talents, and chief experts to organize and carry out important agricultural scientific research. It is necessary to improve the supporting level of technological integration and provide strong scientific and technological support for the sustainable development, transformation and upgrading of characteristic industries. At the same time, we should focus on cultivating a number of integrated seed industry enterprises to enhance the independent innovation ability of agricultural enterprises. It is necessary to speed up the transformation and application of achievements, promote the construction of agricultural applied research demonstration bases and agricultural science and technology demonstration bases, and build regional agricultural scientific research and technology services and achievements transformation centers. It is necessary to vigorously promote agricultural vocational education, improve the overall scientific quality of farmers, and train and bring up a new type of professional farmers. According to the needs of society and production, professional farmers of production and management type, professional skill type and social service type should be trained respectively. It is necessary to earnestly solve the problems of "who cultivates the land" and "how to grow", so as to provide basic guarantee for the development of characteristic agriculture.

5.6StrengtheningthesocializedserviceconstructionofagriculturetoensurethesustainabledevelopmentofagriculturewithmoderncharacteristicsFirst, it is necessary to strengthen the function of agricultural public service and establish a four-in-one system of agricultural technology popularization, supervision of the quality and safety of agricultural products, prevention and control of crop diseases and pests, and comprehensive agricultural information service, covering the whole process, comprehensive supporting, convenient and efficient public service system, and improving the level of comprehensive agricultural service in ethnic minority areas. The second is to promote financial services to support agriculture and establish a diversified investment mechanism. It is necessary to innovate the new mechanism of agricultural investment and financing, and explore and improve the system of

evaluation, circulation and mortgage of rural assets. It is necessary to develop rural financial mutual assistance and cooperation organizations, guide and encourage finance, insurance, and social capital to support new agricultural operators to develop characteristic agriculture. Efforts should be made to solve the problems of weak financial resources, difficult loans and expensive loans for new agricultural operators in ethnic minority areas. It is necessary to promote agricultural policy insurance, establish an agricultural insurance mechanism for dispersing the risks of major disasters, establish and improve the agricultural insurance security system, improve the grass-roots service system of agricultural insurance, and enhance the ability of characteristic industries to resist the risks of major natural disasters. Third, it is necessary to vigorously cultivate modern service industries, speed up the development of rural e-commerce, and build a number of service agglomeration areas and large-scale characteristic agricultural products professional markets, logistics centers, science and technology service areas integrating domestic and foreign trade, so as to provide convenient channels for the development of characteristic agriculture.