Key Factors Affecting the Learning Effect of Ideological and Political Students in Colleges and Universities

Yingce ZHAN, Qitao LI, Mingcong ZHANG

Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China

Abstract In the process of ideological and political education, improving the timeliness of ideological and political education is a hot issue in theoretical research, and it has long been concerned by academic circles. This paper analyzes and discusses the factors that affect the study effect of ideological and political students in colleges and universities, which is of great theoretical and practical significance to improve the effectiveness of ideological and political education. At present, under the influence of the social environment, bad peer groups, network environment and insufficient practical and participatory teaching, ideological and political education in colleges and universities still have some problems such as weak effectiveness. In addition to the limitation of college students’ social experience and the incongruity of physical and mental development, it is easy to produce negative attitudes towards ideological and political education in the age group which is prone to adverse psychology. These factors have greatly affected the effect of ideological and political education in colleges and universities.

Key words Ideological and political science in colleges and universities, Students’ learning effect

1 Introduction

On March 18, 2019, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, presided over a forum for teachers of ideological and political theory and delivered an important speech in Beijing. He stressed: "We do the education of socialism with Chinese characteristics, that is, we should have a good ideological and political course and cultivate people with the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics. This puts forward higher requirements for ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. Therefore, it is particularly important to further explore the key factors that affect the learning effect of ideological and political students in colleges and universities.

2 Students’ own reasons

In materialist dialectics, it is said that the development of things is the result of the joint action of internal and external causes, the internal causes are the root causes of the development of things, and the external causes promote the change, development, and action of things through internal causes. Therefore, the internal factors of college students themselves should not be ignored.

2.1 College students are at an age of resisting authority and are easily bored with indoctrination educationYoung students in colleges, experienced the college entrance examination, out of the narrow environment of high school. After entering the university campus, self-consciousness and independent consciousness get gradually strong. They began to take a critical look at everything around them, measuring right and wrong with their own views. They like to use fierce arguments to clarify their views, like to think independently, like to organize their peers to gather together to exchange ideas, discuss problems, update knowledge, explore and think about life, hate parents or teachers to put forward different opinions to intervene, interfere with their words and deeds. College students are in the age stage of resisting authority, resisting management, resisting education, resisting interference and resisting bondage. College students accept new knowledge and new things quickly, that is, learning to use, lack of concern, competitive, blind arrogance and self-confidence, to the supervision and teaching of teachers, as a control, suppression, habit of critical eyes to re-examine, put themselves on the opposite side of the educator, the authoritative conclusion of books should also reverse thinking, and put forward doubts and criticism, from the opposite to rethink.

2.2 College students have little social experience which affects their comprehensive view of problemsBefore entering college, nearly all student have never been separated from the protection of family and school, so they have neither really come into contact with the real society nor experience real life. Therefore, the lack of real-life training and social cruel reality training, shallow social experience, lack of understanding of real life, poor ability to identify, easy to be influenced by the various social unhealthy atmosphere and various ideological trends. At this time, although college students began to critically examine the social unhealthy tendencies and various uncivilized phenomena, because their social experience is not rich enough, their knowledge is narrow, they have not really learned to use historical, dialectical vision rational analysis of problems, there are certain limitations to the understanding of social life, and can not look at problems from a certain height, or in a systematic or objective manner. College students are often paranoid and blind, and can not see the nature of things from the outside to the inside through the phenomenon.

3 Reasons for teaching methods

3.1 Practice teaching link and content is not enoughThe content of ideological and political education is theoretical and difficult to understand and learn. The practice is an important link between ideological and political education and the best way and effective method of ideological and political education. Students are concerned about a series of social problems, such as difficult employment, high unemployment rate, a large gap between rich and poor, corruption and so on. If teachers fail to combine theory and explain it thoroughly, they will only stay in a simple summary, theoretical analysis and only two words, which will only make students get tired of empty theories and consequently can not solve practical problems.

3.2 Equality and participatory education methods are insufficientThe German philosopher Jaspers once said that true education should be "the exchange of spirit and flesh between human subjects" rather than "the accumulation of rational knowledge and understanding"[1]. At present, ideological and political education in colleges and universities in China is just a public compulsory course for college students, many classes, so it is difficult for teachers to understand students’ needs one by one and experience students’ emotional dynamics. The traditional model of ideological and political education is difficult to arouse students’ enthusiasm for the study of ideological and political theory, can not effectively combine the law of psychological development and the characteristics of thinking activities, make college students get into a passive position, can not arouse their subjective consciousness, stimulate college students’ desire to learn actively and actively, and will not fully mobilize their subjective initiative and participation consciousness, let alone the benign interaction of teaching, make ideological and political education lose its original attraction and appeal.

4 Impact of the social environment

Since the reform and opening up for more than 40 years, China’s economic system reform and social development have made great achievements and the socialist society with Chinese characteristics and the market economy with Chinese characteristics has constantly improved themselves. But there is no denying that the social system is not perfect enough, and the reality of the society is still not perfect, which urges some social contradictions and conflicts to emerge. New and old factors coexist, tradition and modern interweave, east and west blend, progress and backwardness contest, the transition period of China is experiencing a violent conflict of values. It has changed the face of social life in China, but also made people’s ideas and even lifestyle and other aspects of profound changes[2].

Such as difficult employment of college students, corruption, money worship, individualism and so on. Although these ideas are not the mainstream of society, their corrosive effect on the soul of college students should not be underestimated. These conflicts greatly challenge college students’ views on social values in the past and arouse college students’ re-examination and deep thinking on values. However, due to the lack of some ideological and political education work targeted and effective, failure to timely scientific guidance and guidance of college students’ values, it is easy for college students to be confused about their outlook on life and values, resulting in confusion of values lost self, and then reduce the trust and identity of ideological and political education.

5 Impact of adverse peer groups

The individual always lives in the group, individual psychology will inevitably be restricted and influenced by group psychology. The individual psychology of college students, but also must be restricted and influenced by the group psychology of their group[3]. The group of college students is a peer group, they are not only of the same age, interests, hobbies and behavioral tendencies are similar, outlook on life, world outlook and values have great similarities, the influence of peer groups is most prominent. It is easy for college students to identify with each other, so the dependence and identity of college students on their peers may eventually cause mutual infection and transformation among college students. From the psychological point of view, people often like to choose people with similar conditions as reference objects, and unconsciously imitate the behavior of others. In particular, college students who are still in the stage of psychological development, although their self-consciousness is constantly improved and their independent consciousness is constantly strengthened, many of their behaviors still need to be supported by the reaction of peer groups to some extent, and often rely on their choices or actions to determine their own behavior. They are very sensitive to attitudes and responses from peer groups, the circle and collective life of living together, so that college students have a more common language and psychological needs, and it is easier to produce identity and infectivity. If a student’s school environment where the values and thoughts of the peer group are more positive, consistent with the expectations of family, school and social education, then the psychology of individual college students will be more normal. If individual college students are in a group of peers with more rebellious and bad behavior, it is easy to be influenced by improper behavior, such as gang association, love to show off, and teachers’ anti-talk, and be influenced psychologically imperceptibly, thus forming the reverse psychology.

6 Impact of the network environment

At present, as the most important carrier of public opinion, the network affects the life and values of every member of society and plays an important role in society. Some books and newspapers with low style and wrong ideas are full of them, which brings challenges to college students with a strong desire for knowledge but relatively weak discrimination, advocating science but lacking dialectical thinking. Some unhealthy works and opinions erode their ideas, and some unhealthy behaviors even become the object of students’ imitation directly[4]. The Internet has the characteristics of wide coverage, fast information updating, rich and fast content, a high degree of trust, and so on. With the popularization of the Internet, college students’ access to knowledge and information is no longer limited to books, and their horizons become wider. Although the Internet satisfies college students’ desire for knowledge and exploration, they waste more time and experience on the Internet. In addition, when receiving fast information on the Internet, it was originally used to expose the dark side of society, alert the world to the content, was negatively accepted by college students, bad speech, incorrect ideas and social negative information impact on the values and thoughts of this college student.

7 Conclusions

Since our colleges and universities set up the theory course of ideological and political education, it has been carrying on the important mission of ideological and political quality education and moral education to our teenagers. As the main position of ideological education, it plays an important role in establishing the world outlook, outlook on life, values and political direction of young people in China. The growth environment of college students, age characteristics, teaching methods of ideological and political courses, social environment, family environment, peer group, network environment are all the reasons for the students’ learning effect of ideological and political courses in colleges and universities. The ideological and political education work in colleges and universities can improve the timeliness of ideological and political education in colleges and universities by improving the recognition of the whole society to ideological and political education, stimulating the motivation of students to accept ideological and political education, strengthening the importance of teachers of ideological and political courses and ideological and political theory courses, enhancing the role awareness of teachers of ideological and political theory courses to meet the role expectations of college students, enhancing the attraction of ideological and political theory courses through various ways, correcting the wrong cognition of college students on ideological and political education with psychological knowledge and pedagogical knowledge,etc.