Abstracts

03TheEvolutionofOfficialDiscourseson“KurdishIssue”intheLateOttomanEmpireandModernTurkey

AuthorZAN Tao,Associate Professor of History Department,Director of Turkish Studies,Peking University.

25Turkey’sSafeZonePolicyinNorthernSyria:CausesandTrends

AbstractIn March 2020,new conflicts broke out between the Turkish army and the Syrian and Russian armed forces in Syria’s Idlib province and other places.The security situation in Syria deteriorated again.The U.S.Department of Defense announced in September that it would increase its troops in northern Syria,while Russia has repeatedly launched air strikes against Syrian rebels in that area,and the game between parties inside and outside the region has further escalated.In Turkey ’s Middle East strategy,the northern part of Syria has always been a strategic place for Turkey to advance geopolitical interests,and the main support for its goals of expanding its territory,containing Arab nationalist forces,uniting the U.S.against the Soviet Union,combating Kurdish separatist forces,and building regional hegemony.After the outbreak of the Syrian crisis,Turkey’s northern Syria strategy has further deepened and promoted the establishment of a security zone in northern Syria,making it a basis for Turkey to contain Kurdish forces,maintain its own security,and compete for interests and power with parties inside and outside the region.However,the lack of a long-term security mechanism,the inability to effectively solve the refugee problem,the ambiguous positioning and its core purpose of serving Turkey ’s regional hegemony have added uncertainty to the peaceful resolution of the Syrian crisis.

KeyWordsTurkey;Northern Syria Strategy;Safe Zone Policy;Geopolitical Maneuvering

AuthorLIU Chen,Ph.D.,Lecturer,School of Arabic Studies,Beijing Foreign Studies University;MA Xiaolin,Professor,Zhejiang International Studies University.

44AnalysisonStatismofTurkishEconomicDevelopmentinKemalEra

AbstractDue to the complicated geopolitical pattern and internal political situation,two types of economic philosophies “Statism” and “Liberalism” have constituted the path of Turkey’s national economic development since its establishment.In order to achieve the ultimate goal of economic independence,the two kinds of economic philosophies oppose each other while also complement each other under different circumstances.Because of the impacts of the Great Depression in 1929,the localized “Statism” proposed by the “Kadro Movement” cemented foundation of the public opinion and became one of the basic principles of Kemalism.It played a significant role in industrial development,agriculture and social reforms as well as balance of payments.As a result,the dualistic economic theory not only generated new powerful state-owned enterprises,but also explored a special development model that combines government with market,which dominated the economic development model of Turkey for decades.In this study,the developmental trajectory and effects of “Statism” thoughts in Turkey will be analyzed.This study is also beneficial for understanding the current economic reforms in Turkey.

KeyWordsTurkey;“Statism”;“Kadro Movement”;Economic Construction;Industrial Plan

AuthorLI Xinjun,Ph.D.candidate,Center for Turkish Studies,Shanghai University.

66TheDiyanetinTurkey’sForeignRelations

AuthorXin Sisi，the doctoral student of Center for Turkish Studies at Shanghai University;Liu Yi,Ph.D.,Professor,Institute of Religion and Global Politics at Shanghai University.

83De-radicalizationinLebanon:CoreConcepts,PolicyandPractice

AbstractThe complexity and contradictoriness of Lebanon’s security stems from a series of influencing factors of long-term environment of conflicts,cross-border activities of violent actors,and continuous intervention by intra-regional and outside powers.The use of insurgent movements,sectarian conflicts and refugee issues to seek opportunities of development,builds extremist ideologies,and strengthen armed forces constitutes a typical mode for violent extremism’s interaction with Lebanon’s domestic politics and regional politics in the Middle East.The Lebanese government has carried out its de-radicalization project through top-level design,international cooperation,ministerial coordination,and social mobilization.The characteristics of Lebanon’s de-radicalization model include the implementation of the de-radicalization concept with prevention first and control supplemented,emphasizing the absorption of international experience through international cooperation,establishing a working mechanism of de-radicalization via cross-departmental coordination,and building a multilevel prevention system from the state to the individual.Lebanon’s government-led approaches,with participation of social forces,to de-radicalization of the ‘Local Prevention Networks’ at municipal level and the ‘Reconciliation with Life’ program for detainees of teenagers and young adults,is of great significance and reference value to countries in conflicts and their neighboring countries in the Middle East.

KeyWordsLebanon;Extremism;De-radicalization;‘Local Prevention Networks’

AuthorBAO Chengzhang,Ph.D.,Associate Professor,Middle East Studies Institute,Shanghai International Studies University.

107OnIslamizationofSomaliaandtheHistoricalOriginofArabicIdentity

AbstractThe spread of Islam in Somalia is accompanied by the process of “Arabization”,which has shaped the national identity of Somalia to a certain extent.Islam was introduced to Somalia by Arab immigrants at the end of the 7th century AD.Mogadishu,an Arabized city state,was formed,and Islam spread to the interior of Somalia.Zella and Berbera which located on the coast of the Gulf of Aden,are the center of Islam spread in the north.In contrast,Islam spreads slowly in the northern region,and it mainly relies on the mission of Arab saints in some legends.In the 14th century AD,the coastal cities of Somalia basically completed Islamization,and a large number of Somali native ulemas grew up,and spread the Islam to the inland tribesmen along with the expansion of Sufism,which promoted the deep integration of Sufism and tribal society in the social structure and religious beliefs.More importantly,some Somalis began to reconstruct their own lineage and traced it back to the early Arab immigrants,the ancestors of Sufism,that is,Hashemite.This has become the origin of Somali Arab identity since modern times,which has a profound impact on Somalia.

KeyWordsIslam;Somalia;Arabic Identity;Sufism;Tribe

AuthorYAN Wei,Ph.D,Professor,Institute of Middle Eastern Studies,Northwest University.

124Egypt’sEmploymentPlightintheMubarakEraanditsCauses:OntheResolutionofEmploymentProblemsinCurrentEgypt

AbstractIn the Mubarak Era,there are three main problems and difficulties in employment in Egypt:unbalanced employment development;women and young people have difficulties in finding jobs;employment in the informal sector and unpaid workers are prominent.The employment predicament in Egypt is mainly affected by three core factors:population expansion,irrational industrial structure and educational imbalance.The Sisi government learned from the experience and lessons of the Mubarak authorities and improved employability through various means,including vigorously attracting investment,developing infrastructure and manufacturing,continuing to develop the private economy,supporting small,medium and micro enterprises,and strengthening vocational and technical education.Although these measures have achieved some results,they have not yet fundamentally solved the long-term accumulation of employment problems.The solution to the employment dilemma in Egypt still requires long-term comprehensive management.

KeyWordsEgypt,Mubarak regime,Employment,Sisi government

AuthorCHEN Tianshe,Ph.D.,Professor,History of School,Zhengzhou University;HU Ruizhi,Master Candidate,History of School,Zhengzhou University.

140TheEthnicInheritanceandContemporaryDilemmaoftheArmeniansinEgypt

AbstractThe Armenians in Egypt have a relatively small population and a long history of existence.In the complex and ever-changing historical changes,the Egyptian Armenians have maintained the relative independence and particularity of their ethnic groups by abide by the tradition of autonomy,emphasizing ethnicity,establishing a self-help system,and reshaping historical memory.They have long retained their original customs,language,culture and religious beliefs that distinguish them from other ethnic groups.Contemporary Egyptian Armenians are always facing the challenges of structural dilemmas such as the assimilation of the main nation,the dilemma of identity,population decline,inter-ethnic marriage,political and security threats,and these factors have an important negative impact on the future existence of the entire ethnic group.

KeyWordsEgypt;Armenians;Characteristics of Ethnic Minority;Dilemma

AuthorZHAO Jun,Ph.D.,Associate Professor of Middle East Studies Institute at Shanghai International Studies University.