Unit 1词汇要点讲解

李紫薇

1. matter n. 问题;事情 vi. 要緊;有关系

matter为可数名词，意为“问题， 事情”，通常用于句型“Whats the matter （with sb.）？”

同义句有“Whats wrong （with sb.）？”和“Whats the trouble （with sb.）？”

—Whats the matter with him？ 他怎么了？

—He has a headache. 他头痛。

【拓展】 matter还可作不及物动词，意为“要紧，有关系”，主要用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中。

It doesnt matter. 没有关系。

【温馨提示】 wrong为形容词，其前不能加the。

2. trouble n. 麻烦;烦恼 vt. 麻烦 vi. 烦恼

have trouble with sth. 表示“有病痛，因……苦恼;在某方面有麻烦”，后面习惯接名词、代词或名词性短语。

She is having trouble with her teeth. 她牙齿痛。

He has some trouble with his English pronunciation. 他的英语发音有问题。

【拓展】 have trouble （in） doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困难、费事”，后面习惯接动名词作宾语。

I have some trouble （in） reading the letter， for his handwriting is very bad. 我读这封信很困难， 因为他的书写很差。

3. stomach n. 胃

He woke up with a pain in his stomach. 他醒来时感觉肚子疼。

stomachache也是名词，意为“腹痛，肚子痛;胃痛”。

She had a stomachache and asked to be excused. 她肚子疼，请求离开一下。

【拓展】表示身体部位的名词加上名词ache （疼痛），可以构成合成名词。如：headache头痛;toothache 牙痛;earache 耳朵痛。另外，sore throat 喉咙痛;neck pain 脖子痛。

4. lie v. 躺;坐落在;处于……状态;说谎 n. 谎言;谎话;状态;位置

The driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road. 司机看到一位老人躺在路边。

Thats a lie！ 你说谎！

They thought the boys told lies about that thing. 他们认为男孩们在那件事上撒了谎。

【拓展】 第三人称单数现在时：lies;现在分词：lying;过去分词：lay;过去时：lain

5. sick adj. （身体或精神）生病的;有病的;不适的

Look at that sick boy. He is very sick. 看看那个生病的男孩，他病得很重。

【拓展】 ill 表示“生病的;有病的”，一般作表语，不作定语;而sick 既可以作表语又可以作定语，如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick，而ill不可。

She is ill / sick in bed. 她卧病在床。

She is looking after her sick father. 她在照顾她生病的父亲。

6. death n. 死;死亡

His father is drinking himself to death. 他的爸爸这样喝酒非醉死不可。

【拓展】 death， die， dead， dying

（1） death n. 是抽象名词，可作主语或宾语。

His death is weightier than Mount Tai. 他的死比泰山还要重。

I heard of his death when I got to his house. 我到他家时得知他已经去世了。

（2） die v. 死亡，死去

He was born in 1947 and died two years ago. 他生于1947年，死于两年前。

【温馨提示】 die表示瞬间动作，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。

那位伟大的人物去世十年了。

误：That great man has died for ten years.

正：That great man has been dead for ten years.

正：That great man died ten years ago.

（3） dead adj. 表示状态，可以在句中作表语和定语。

He is dead， but his name will live for ever in our hearts. 他虽然死了，但他的名字将永远留在我们心中。

It doesnt look like a dead fox. 看来它不像一只死狐狸。

（4） dying adj. 表示“生命垂危的”。

His good friend called that his grandma was dying. 他的朋友打電话来，说他的奶奶奄奄一息了。

7. to ones surprise 使某人惊讶的是;出乎某人的意料

But to his surprise， they all agreed to go with him. 但出乎他的意料，他们都同意和他一起去。

【拓展】类似的固定结构：to ones joy 使某人高兴的是;to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是;to ones satisfaction 令某人满意的是

8. thanks to 多亏;由于;因为

Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers， the man was saved by the doctors in time. 多亏了王先生和乘客们，医生及时挽救了老人的生命。

【拓展】 thanks for表示“因……而感谢”，其中的thanks为复数名词，介词for指原因，后接名词、代词或V-ing形式。

Thanks for your help. 谢谢你的帮助。

Thanks for inviting me. 谢谢你对我的邀请。

9. be used to 习惯于……;适应于……

be used to后接名词、代词或V-ing形式。

As a mountain climber， Aron is used to taking risks. 作为一名登山者，阿伦习惯于冒险。

【辨析】 used to do表示“过去常常做某事”，其一般疑问句和否定句的构成方法要注意。

Used he to get up early？

= Did he use to get up early？ 他过去常常早起吗？

He used to smoke， didnt he？ 他以前抽烟，是吗？

He used not to get up early.

= He usednt to get up early.

= He didnt use to get up early. 他过去不早起。

10. so that以便，为了

so that引导目的状语从句，从句中的谓语动词通常和may / might， can / could等情态动词连用。

We got up early so that we could catch the early bus. 为了能赶上早班车，我们早就起床了。

【拓展】 （1） so... that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，常用句型为：主语+谓语+so+adj. / adv.+that从句。

His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience. 他对登山如此酷爱，以至于即使这次经历之后，他还是继续登山。

（2） so... that...从句可转换为... adj. / adv.+enough+to do...“足够……以至于……”或...too+adj. / adv.+to do...“太……以至于不能……”句型。

The girl is so young that she cant dress herself.

=The girl is not old enough to dress herself.

=The girl is too young to dress herself. 这个女孩太小以至于不能自己穿衣服。

【牛刀小试】

一、根据句意、首字母及汉语提示填写单词。

1. There are some important m______ （问题） we need to discuss.

2. Fred is careless， so he often h______（弄伤） himself.

3. As usual， Mike went to school on f______（脚）.

4. I didnt take an umbrella that rainy day， so now I have a bad h______ （头痛）.

5. You look very tired. Why not take a r______（休息）？

二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空。

1. Mr. Li stopped the bus because he saw an old man ______ （lie） on the road.

2. ______ （thank） to that job I became a reporter.

3. To ______ （he） surprise， all the passengers agreed to go to the hospital with him.

4. Anns mother cant attend the parents meeting because shes ______ （ill）.

5. Many people ______ （die） from famine （饥荒） in Africa.

三、从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式完成句子。

rest， control， cough， die， themselves

1. His grandmothers ______ made the family feel sad.

2. Jim knows the importance of being in ______ of his life.

3. Tom and Jenny enjoyed ______ playing com- puter games.

4. I didnt feel very well. I ______ and had a fever.

5. He told me to drink more water and ______ for two days.