状语从句——书面表达中不可或缺的神器

四川绵阳中学 付 利

状语从句一般分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式状语从句。 状语从句是书面表达中不可或缺的组成部分，它能帮助作者流畅、自然地表达要点。 尤其是状语从句的省略的运用，能很好地表现作者的语言驾驭能力，给书面表达提分。 希望本文能够带领同学们重新认识书面表达中的状语从句，并在以后的书面表达中自如、恰到好处地运用状语从句。

Step 1 句法唤醒

1. （2019·全国甲卷） We should make full preparationsso that we can win the game.

我们应该做好充分的准备，这样我们才能取胜。

2. (2019·北京卷)When I got home, I packed up my luggage for the trip.

当我到家的时候，我就为这次旅行收拾行李。

3. (2019·北京卷)After I got back home, I shared my experience with my parents.

回家后，我就和父母分享了这次经历。

4. (2019·天津卷) I will be gladif I can know how Western music influences the UK and how it will develop in the future after hearing your lecture.

如果在听了您的讲座之后，我能知道西方音乐是如何影响了英国，以及它未来的发展趋势，我将非常高兴。

5. (2019·江苏卷)Although the traditional Chinese dress may look more beautiful and stylish,it is a little strange to walk around in it.

虽然中国传统服装可能看起来更美、更时尚，但是穿着它走来走去有点奇怪。

6. (2019·江苏卷) The choice of the traditional Chinese dress means extra money and extra timebecause we have to change it back after the event.

选择中国传统服装意味着多花钱和多花时间，因为我们在活动结束后还得换回去。

7. (2019·江苏卷) So the school uniforms are a better choicethan the traditional Chinese dress for such an occasion.

所以，校服比中国传统服装更适合这样的场合。

8. (2018·全国乙卷) I would like to suggest that you arrive earlyso that you can help the family prepare dinner.

我建议你早点去，这样就可以帮助主人备餐。

9. （2018·北京卷）Since you have long been interested in Chinese culture, I think Beijing Language and Culture University is an ideal place for you.

既然你一直都对中国文化感兴趣，我想北京语言大学是你理想的选择。

10. （2018·北京卷） You'd better learn some basic Chinesebefore you come.

在你来之前，你最好学些基础汉语。

11. (2018·北京卷) I sat at a table, explaining every step of the processwhile making tea.

我坐在桌边，一边泡茶，一边解释每一个步骤。

12. (2018·天津卷)As planned,the competition will be held in July in Tianjin University.

按照计划，比赛将于7月在天津大学举行。

13. (2018·天津卷) I'll email the training plan to you, andwhen it's convenient to you,you can check it out and put forward your suggestions.

我会把训练计划发给你，在你方便的时候，你就可以核实一下，然后提出你的建议。

14. (2018·江苏卷) Therefore, we should give a second thought to these ratingswhenever we go shopping.

所以，无论何时去购物，针对这些排名我们都应该三思。

Step 2 句法提点

状语从句的掌握要点

一、常见引导词

（一） 时间状语从句引导词：

1. when、 while、 as

引导词 词义 例句1. He was doing his homework when his mother came in.他的妈妈进来的时候他正在做家庭作业。2. Greg was about to go out when the phone rang.Greg 正要出门，就在那时，电话响了。3. Lily had just put down her newspaper when her neighbor came to talk to her.Lily刚把报纸放下，她邻居就过来搭话了。while 一边……一边（用进行时态或者表示状态的词）when当……的时候 When he is in trouble, he always tries to sort it out alone.当他遇到困难时，他总是努力自己解决。正在那时1. be doing...when正在做……就在那时2. be about to do...when正要做……就在那时3. had just done...when刚做完……就在那时He likes listening to music while (he is) cooking.他喜欢一边做饭一边听音乐。as 当……时候；随着 As time goes on, he becomes more and more independent.随着时间的推移，他变得越来越独立。

2. before、 since

引导词 词义 例句……才The foreigner had walked for an hour before he found the train station.这个外国人走了一个小时才找到火车站。before……就没来得及It won't be a week before we meet again.用不了一周，我们就会再见面的。He had disappeared into the crowd before I could say thanks.我还没来得及道谢，他就已经消失在人群中了。趁着You'd better write down his telephone number before you forget it.趁着你没忘，你最好把他的电话号码记下来。since 自从（常用现在完成时或者现在完成进行时）1. I've heard a lot about you since I came to this company.自从我进了这家公司，我就听说了很多关于你的事。2. It's more than 100 years since our school was founded.我们学校已经成立100多年了。

3. until、 not...until

until意为“直到……”，表明主句动词所表动作或状态等的结束。主句常是延续性动词，从句常是短暂性动词。

The mouse had a happy life until a cat came.

这只老鼠过着开心的生活直到来了一只猫。

not...until意为“直到……才”，表明主句动作的开始，主从句都常是短暂性动词。

I won't tell you the truth until I know I am safe. 直到我知道我是安全的，我才会对你说实话。

4. 表达“一……就……”意义的引导词和名词短语。

表达这个意义的引导词和名词短语有很多：as soon as、immediately、directly、instantly、the moment、the minute、the second、 the instant、no sooner...than、 hardly...when、scarcely...when等。

（二）地点状语从句引导词：where、wherever(无论哪里)。

（三）原因状语从句引导词：because、as、since(既然；因为)、now that（既然）、in that（因为）、considering that（鉴于）。

（四）条件状语从句引导词：if、unless(if...not)、so/as long as、on condition that、only if(as long as)、in case (万一；如果)、once(一旦)。

（五）目的状语从句引导词：so that、in order that、for fear that（担心）、in case（以防）、lest(以免)。

（六）结果状语从句引导词：so...that、such...that。

（七）方式状语从句引导词：as、as if、as though。

（八）让步状语从句引导词：although、though、while(虽然)、whenever、whoever、however(无论多么)、wherever、whether...or...(不论……还是……)、even if/though、no matter when、no matter where、no matter who、no matter how。

二、一词多义的引导词

when: 当……的时候；就在那时；既然

as: 当……的时候；随着；因为；像……一样

while: 当……的时候； 尽管（放句首）

三、状语从句的时态

当主句为将来时态，时间、条件、让步状语从句会用一般时态、完成时态、进行时态表将来。

1. I won't transfer money to others onlineunless I have confirmed his identity.

如果我没有确定对方的身份，我不会在网上给别人转钱。

2. My father told me thatif I was kind to others, I would be rewarded with kindness.

父亲告诉我，如果我对别人好，别人也会回报我以善意。

四、状语从句中的省略

当主句主语和从句主语一致，而且从句有be动词的时候，或者当从句有it is的时候，就可以省略从句的主语和be动词以简化句子。

（一）时间状语从句的省略

1.When (he was) at college, he began to do part-time job, supporting his family.

在他上大学的时候，他就开始做兼职工作，养活家人。

2.Whenever (it is) possible, we often visit our grandparents on weekends.

只要有时间，周末我们都会去看望爷爷奶奶。

（二）条件状语从句的省略

1. The tree-planting campaign,if passed on successfully, will benefit ourselves in the long run.

如果植树活动被成功传递下去，从长远来看这会让我们自己受益。

2. The medicine,unless otherwise stated, should be taken as told.

这个药，如果不做其他的说明，应遵从医嘱服用。

（三）让步状语从句的省略

1.While (I was) tired, I felt a sense of fulfillment.

我尽管很累，但是很有成就感。

2.Even if (he was) invited, he wouldn't go to the party.

即使被邀请，他也不会去参加聚会。

（四）方式状语从句的省略

1. You must doas (you are) told, or you'll put yourself in trouble.

你必须按照要求做，否则就会给自己找麻烦。

2. He howled on the ground,as if (he was) badly hurt.

他在地上嚎叫，好像伤得很重。

Step 3单句过手

1. (2018·浙江卷，6月) 我对英语很感兴趣，因为它最能给我带来快乐。

I'm interested in English _______________.

2. (2018·浙江卷) 我愿意为协会工作，因为这会是一个很好的拓宽我的视野、丰富我的生活、帮助我成长的机会。

I would like to work for the club _______________.

3. (2018·浙江卷，11月) 但是当我到达伦敦时，我发现我的钱包丢了。

_______________, I found my wallet lost.

4. (2017·全国丙卷) 一旦你决定加入，请于4月8日前把自己的个人信息发到学校邮箱。

________________, please send your personal information to our school's mailbox before April 8.

5. (2017·北京卷) 几天之后，当视频在毕业典礼上播放的时候，它受到了极大的好评。

Several days later,_______________, it was well received.

6. (2017·浙江卷，6月) 如果你加入我们的郊游，我将非常高兴。

I'll be happy _______________.

7. (2017·浙江卷，11月) 如果你能来，我就去接你。

_______________, I'll go and pick you up.

8. (2016·北京卷) 我们做得很好以至于被邀请去和全校同学分享我们的想法和经历。

We did so well _______________.

9. (2015·全国乙卷) 你可以写相关的任何东西，只要它是有趣且能增长知识的。

You can write anything relevant ________________.

10. (2015·重庆卷) 当知道Bookcrossing.com组织了一项活动时，我非常兴奋。 在这个网站上，参与者有两种方式分享书籍：自由分享和定向分享。

I'm more than excited _______________organized by Bookcrossing.com where participants can share their books in two ways: wild release and controlled release.

11. (2013·陕西卷) 尽管我很累，但我从来没有这么高兴过。 （倒装）

_______________, I never felt so happy.

12. (2019·江苏卷) 如果目的是分享中国文化的话，不方便不是问题。

The inconvenience is not a problem _______________.

13. (2018·全国甲卷) 我们想要听听你对这部短片的意见，因为你的意见对我们的改进有很大帮助。

We want to hear your opinions about the film _______________.

14. (2018·全国丙卷)在所有的运动中，我最喜欢篮球，因为它能给我力量去迎接生活中的挑战。

Of all the games, I like basketball most _______________.

Step 4 语篇活用

一、原题再现

假定你是高中生李华，你从当地报纸上了解到你市将举办为期一周的国际旅游节，组委会在招募会英语、了解绵阳的志愿者。 现在请你写一封英语申请信，要点如下：

1. 个人情况；

2. 优势；

3. 表达期望。

二、根据中文提示，用状语从句完成下面这篇范文。

Dear Sir or Madam,

I'm Li Hua, a healthy high school boy. I feel more than delighted 1.__________(当我从当地报纸上得知你们需要志愿者) for the upcoming one-week international tourism festival. I'm applying to be one of them 2.__________(因为我很想为家乡的这个重大活动做点事).

I feel I'm qualified for the job. Above all, ten-year English learning experiences arm me with excellent written and verbal English skills. In addition, being sociable, helpful and trustworthy,3.__________(只要有可能，我都会去做义工). As a native, I'm quite familiar with the culture and history of the beautiful city. They deserve being introduced to more people.

4_________.__(如果被录用) I would do everything I could to live up to your expectations.Please take my application into consideration.

Your earliest reply would be greatly appreciated.Yours sincerely,Li Hua