名词性从句探究

陈静文

名词性从句相当于名词，可用作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词有：从属连词 that， whether， if， as if;连接代词 who， whoever， whose， whom， whomever， what， whatever， which， whichever;连词副词 when， where， why， how等。

一、主语从句

1. that引導的主语从句有时候由于过长，常常用形式主语It代替，常见于以下几种句型。

[句  型 解   析 例   句 It +be + adj. + that 第一类形容词：true， clear， obvious， evident， certain， likely， possible， probable， etc It is clear that cutting down a lot of trees will disturb the balance of nature. 第二类形容词（从句需要用虚拟语气）：amazing， surprising， strange， natural， unusual， necessary， important， vital， essential， advisable， etc It is strange that he should say so. It +be + n. + that 常见的名词：a fact， a pity， a shame， a wonder， no wonder， common knowledge， etc It is a pity that we can t attend the party.

It is no wonder that their products are popular with people， because they meet the demands of the market. It + vi. / link.v + that 常见的不及物动词/系动词：seems， appears， happened， occurred to sb.， struck sb.， turns out， matters， etc It seems that something unexpected happened to their family.

It never occurred to him that his carelessness would cause him such a huge loss.

It so happened that the color of the coat I bought last week was the same as that of my colleague s. It +be + done + that 第一类过去分词：said， reported， believed， considered， claimed， declared， announced， hoped， known， estimated， etc It is known to all that pollution has become a serious problem in the world.

= As is known to all， pollution has become a serious problem in the world.

= What is known to all is that pollution has become a serious problem in the world. 第二类过去分词（从句需要用虚拟语气）：suggested， required， requested， etc It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week. ]

2.  wh-和how引导的主语从句

Whether he ll come is uncertain.

How it happened is still a mystery.

What you said just now has nothing to do with me.

【注意】 谓语动词单复数问题：

1. 一个主语从句谓语动词用单数。如：

When and where we ll hold the meeting hasn t been decided yet.

2. 当主语从句的连词为what，且谓语动词为be动词时，单复数由表语决定。如：

What we need are two English teachers.

3. 当两个或两个以上主语从句作主语时，谓语动词则需要用复数形式。试比较：

Where and when he was born has not been found.

Where he was born and when he was born have not been found.

二、宾语从句

1. 动词宾语从句

（1） that引导的宾语从句

[句  型 解  析 例   句 v. + （that）

若有两个宾语从句则后一个that不可省略 第一类动词：believe， think， suppose， expect， imagine， etc

若从句中有否定则否定词移到主句，反意疑问句看从句 I don t think he is handsome， isn t he？ 第二类动词：suggest， insist， order， demand， request， require， ask， etc... （should） do I suggest we shorten the meeting into an hour. 第三类动词：wish... would do / did（were） / had done， hope... （不用虚拟语气） I wish he were here.

I wish that you would come early tomorrow.

I wish I had never met him. 第四类动词：doubt （whether）， don t doubt （that）， Do you doubt （that） I don t doubt that he can finish the task on time. v. + it + that 第一类动词：see to， depend / rely on You can depend on it that we ll be ready to help you whenever you re in trouble. 第二类动词： appreciate， like， dislike， hate， love... if / when I d appreciate it if you could teach me how to use the computer. v. + it + adj. / n.+ that 常见的动词：think， consider， make， feel， find， etc I think it important that every one should have good manners. ]

（2） wh-引导的宾语从句

Parents are taught to understand how important education is to their children.

The doctor asked whether the patient had had any heart disease before.

Point with your finger where it hurts the most.

Do you know when the meeting will begin？

2. 介詞宾语从句

[句 型 解  析 例   句 prep. + that 常见的介词：in， except The two cities are similar in that it rains a lot in summer.

I know nothing about him except he is a graduate of Beijing University. prep. + wh- 视句意而定 She always thinks of how she can do more for the people.

As doctors， we must pay attention to what the patients complain of.

After what seemed to be a long time， the singer appeared on the stage. ]

3. 形容词宾语从句

We re sure that we ll do well in English.

We re not certain who ll be in charge of the company.

三、表语从句

[句  型 解  析 例  句 n. + be + that 第一类名词：fact， truth， idea， belief， wish， dream， reason， etc The fact is that China is the largest country in the world in terms of population. 第二类名词（从句需要用虚拟语气）：suggestion， proposal， require- ment， request， order， etc The suggestion is that they should start from the very beginning. wh-... + be + that What impresses me most is that he is hardworking.

What matters is that we should make full use of time.

What amazes us is that the restaurant is run by a teenager. as if / though 引导 It looks as if it is going to rain. This / That + be + wh- This is why I feel grammar boring. n. + be + wh- 若名词是suggestion， proposal， requirement， request， order， etc时从句要用虚拟语气 The question is whether the film is worthy of being seen.

Perseverance is what it takes to do anything well. wh-+ be + wh- What I can t understand is where they got the information. ]

四、同位语从句

第一类先行词：belief， fact， idea， doubt， news， rumor， word（un.）， conclusion， evidence， possibility， truth， story， promise， problem， information等。如：

The news that we re invited to the conference is very encouraging.

I have no idea where he has gone.

A story goes that the emperor was killed by his son.

第二类先行词（从句中需要用虚拟语气）：suggestion， proposal， requirement， request， order等。如：

They were faced with the demand that this tax be abolished.

They expressed the wish that she accept the award.

There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team.

The suggestion that the new rule be adopted came from the chairman.

The resolution that women be allowed to join the society was carried.

I can understand their eagerness that you should be the main speaker.

【及時练习】 用合适的连接词填空，完成句子。

1. I m wondering_______  you are always late for class.

2. The trouble is_______  I am anxious to telephone Mr. Smith but I lost his number.

3. Can you tell me_______  he lives.

4. It sounds_______  someone is knocking at the door.

5. —Why am I so tired？

—I think it is_______  you are doing too much.

6. Could you tell me_______  he will come？

7. The Chinese people are proud of_______  they have achieved in the past ten years.

8._______  guesses it right will be awarded a prize for this competition.

9._______  the earth will perish one day is still a mystery.

10. This golden cup will be awarded to_______  team that wins the championship.