宾语从句考点解析（二）

杨庆春

【考点3】宾语从句的语序

1. 在宾语复合句中，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”。

I want to know when the train left. 我想知道火车是什么时候离开的。

Could you tell me what I should do with the money？ 你能告诉我怎么用这笔钱吗？

2. 对比区分陈述语序和疑问语序。

（1）有些特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序。如：

What’s wrong with...？

Which is the way to...？

What happened to you...？

What’s the matter/trouble...？

Who studies the hardest in your class？

（2）Do you often speak English？（疑问语序）

画线部分基本结构：助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语？

Tom asked me if/whether I often spoke English.（陈述语序）

画线部分基本结构：引导词+主语+谓语动词+宾语。

（3） When will you visit the park？（疑问语序）

画线部分基本结构：疑问词+助动词+主语+谓语动词+宾语？

Tom asked me when I would visit the park.（陈述语序）

画线部分基本结构：引导词+主语+助动词+谓语动词+宾语。

注意：在疑问语序中，助动词要放在主语之前;

而在陈述语序中，有时没有助动词，如果有的话要放在主语之后。

【考点练习】

1. （2019·辽宁·铁岭） —Could you please tell me ？

—Sure. Go to the third floor， please.

A. which postcards I should take B. what kind of postcards you have

C. when I should pay for the postcards D. where I can get some postcards

2.（2019 ·辽宁·抚顺）— Hi， Alice. I wonder .

— I often go swimming in the sport center.

A. where you skate            B. What you do on the weekend

C. when you exercise          D. whether you enjoy your weekend

3. （2019·江蘇·连云港）—Excuse me， I’m afraid we’re lost. Could you tell us ？

—Sure. Go along the street for about 15 minutes， and then you’ll see it.

A. how can I get to Wanda Shopping Mall B. where Wanda Shopping Mall is

C. how far is Wanda Shopping Mall D. where is Wanda Shopping Mall

4. （2020·江苏·连云港）I have some tickets for the football match. I called my friends to see .

A. where did they buy them      B. why they liked to go there

C. when did we go together      D. whether they’d like to go

5. （2020·河北）My cousin will drive me to school today， but I don’t know .

A. what he’ll go        B. where he’ll go

C. when we’ll leave      D. why we’ll go there

Keys：DBBDC

【考点4】宾语从句的时态

宾语从句中谓语动词的时态，常常受到主句谓语动词时态的制约，即宾语从句的时态应与主句时态相呼应。

（1）主句谓语时态是一般现在时或将来时，从句谓语的时态不受限制，可用各种合适的时态。

I don’t think that you are right.我认为你是不对的。

Please tell me where he was last night.请告诉我他昨天晚上在哪。

I want to know how long you have been in Beijing.我想知道你在北京待了多久了。

（2）主句谓语时态是一般过去时，从句一般要随着改为相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。

He said he was working hard on Chinese.

他说他在努力学习中文。

She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.

她很遗憾没有按时完成工作。

Her father said that he would buy a new computer the next week.

她爸爸说下周将买台新电脑。

He told us what happened to him in 2006.

他告诉我们2006年发生在他身上的事。

注意：当宾语从句叙述的是客观真理、自然现象或者谚语时，不管主句谓语的时态如何，从句都用一般现在时。

The teacher told us the earth goes round the sun.

老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。

The teacher told the boys two and two is four.老师告诉孩子们2加2等于4。

【考点练习】

1. （2019·四川·达州） —Jeff， could you tell me if it tomorrow？ If it tomorrow， I will stay at home.

—It’s reported that it will be sunny， let’s go camping on the Fenghuang mountain.

A. rain; rain      B. rains; rain

C. will rain; rains    D. will rain; will rain

2. （2019 ·湖北·鄂州） —Mary， I remember you several years ago.

—Yes， I for 3 years.

A. married， have married              B. married， married

C. married， have been married          D. have married， have been married

3. （2019·四川·內江）Tom said he basketball with his classmates from 4：00 to 6：00 yesterday afternoon.

A. is played B. was playing C. plays D. had played

4. （2020·湖北·襄阳）—Has Jack solved the difficult math problem？

—Not yet. But I believe he in a few minutes.

A. has worked it out      B. will work it out

C. was working it out    D. works it out

5.（2020·黑龙江·哈尔滨）—Could you tell me ？

—There is nothing but some old model plants.

A. what’s in the room B. what can you see in the room C. who in the room is

Keys：CCBBA