直接宾语和间接宾语用法扫描
2020-09-10隋东菊
隋东菊
直接宾语和间接宾语是宾语的两种不同表现形式,正确掌握其用法应注意下列几点。
一、什么是直接宾语和间接宾语
直接宾语通常表示动作所产生的结果或动作所施予的承受者,一般情况下由物品名词担任。例如:
Go and tell him the news, because it concerns him very much.
去把这个消息告诉他,因为这与他关系很大。
间接宾语通常表示动作所指向或所作为的对象,一般情况下由人称代词担任。例如:
Have you decided to send her an invitation next week?
你有没有决定下周给她发请柬?
二、直接宾语和间接宾语的位置
一般情况下间接宾语放在前面,直接宾语放在后面,但有时也可以将直接宾语放在前面,间接宾语放在后面,它们之间通过介词to或for来连接。例如:
My mother promised to buy me a new computer. =My mother promised to buy a new computer for me.
我妈妈答应给我买一台新电脑。
Please give them the tickets, they need them badly. =Please give the tickets to them, they need them badly. 请把这些票给他们,他们非常需要这些票。
三、直接宾语和间接宾语的常用句型
1.“及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语”句型
write, offer, teach, make, cook, lend, bring, buy, get, find, mail, throw, tell, sell, show, do, pay, hand, send, pass等及物动词适用于该句型。例如:
Miss. Wang taught us chemistry about ten years ago.
大约10年前,王老师教我们化学。
2.“及物动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语”句型
introduce, tell, give, hand, bring, lend, offer, mail, pass, sell, show, throw, write, send等及物动词常用于这种句型。例如:
Now, I would like to introduce something about our school to you.
现在我想向你介绍一下我校情况。
3.“及物动词 + 直接宾语 + for + 间接賓语”句型
look, get, buy, make, find, mend, book等及物动词常用于这种句型。例如:
Can you tell me who can mend leather shoes for me?
你能告诉我谁能替我修皮鞋吗?
He asked them to make a desk for him at once.
他请他们立即给他做一张桌子。
必须注意的是,有些动词既可用于“及物动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语”结构,也可用于“及物动词 + 直接宾语 + for + 间接宾语”结构,但应注意其区别。
我们可以说do good to sb.(给某人带来好处),do harm to sb.(给某人造成危害),do wrong to sb.(委屈某人),do service to sb.(给某人服务),do damage to sb.(给某人造成损害),但不可以说do a favour to sb.(帮某人一个忙),一定得说do a favour for sb.。例如:
It is well-known that taking a walk every day does good to our health.
众所周知,每天散步有益于我们的身体健康。
They are rude customers, so I don’t want to do service to them.
他们是粗鲁的顾客,所以我不想为他们服务。
Being your good friend, I would like to do a favour for you.
作为你的好朋友,我愿意帮你的忙。
read sth. to sb.,把某内容读给某人听;read sth. for sb.,替某人读某内容。例如:
I’m very tired, please read the story to me. 我累了,请把这个故事读给我听。
Can you read the text for me? I’m very thirsty.
你能替我读一下这篇课文吗?我很渴。