心肌梗死后缺血性心肌病心衰患者血浆半乳糖凝集素3的表达及其临床意义
2020-09-06朱贝利刘辉耿硕章郭军霞张永春
朱贝利 刘辉 耿硕章 郭军霞 张永春
摘要:目的 研究心肌梗死后缺血性心肌病(ICM)心力衰竭(心衰)患者血漿中半乳糖凝集素3(Gal-3)的表达水平变化,并探讨其临床意义。方法 选取2018年7月~2019年2月在我院收治的29例心肌梗死后ICM心衰患者设为心梗后ICM心衰组,27例非心肌梗死后ICM心衰患者设为非心梗后ICM心衰组,21例非ICM心衰患者设为非ICM心衰组,22例正常对照患者设为正常对照组。采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测四组患者血浆中Gal-3及氨基末端脑钠肽前体(Nt-proBNP)的表达水平,并用超声心动图检查其左房内径(LAD)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)。比较四组一般资料、血浆Gal-3水平,分析Gal-3水平对心力衰竭及心梗后ICM心衰诊断的敏感度与特异性、四组Gal-3水平与心功能的相关性。结果 四组患者Gal-3水平比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中心梗后ICM心衰组Gal-3水平最高。心梗后ICM心衰组Gal-3水平均高于非心梗后ICM心衰组、非ICM心衰组、正常对照组(P<0.05);非心梗后ICM心衰组、非ICM心衰组Gal-3水平均高于正常对照组(P<0.05);非心梗后ICM心衰组和非ICM心衰组Gal-3水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);Gal-3对心力衰竭诊断的ROC AUC为0.989,具有较好的诊断效能。Gal-3对心梗后ICM心衰诊断的ROC AOC为0.753,具有一定的诊断效能。四组LVEDD、LVEF比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),心梗后ICM心衰组LVEDD最高,LVEF最低。Spearman相关性分析显示,心梗后ICM心衰组Gal-3水平与LVEDD成正相关(r=0.407,P<0.05),LVEF成负相关(r=-0.620,P<0.05),与LAD无相关性(P>0.05);非心梗后ICM心衰组、非ICM心衰组、正常对照组Gal-3水平与其LAD、LVEDD、LVEF均无相关性(P>0.05)。结论 心肌梗死后缺血性心肌病心衰患者血浆中Gal-3表达水平升高,并且与患者左室结构和功能变化存在相关性,在临床上对此类患者病情及预后评估具有重要作用。
关键词:心肌梗死;缺血性心肌病;心力衰竭;半乳糖凝集素3
中图分类号:R541.6+1;R542.22 文献标识码:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.15.020
文章编号:1006-1959(2020)15-0061-04
Abstract:Objective To study the changes of galectin-3 (Gal-3) expression in plasma of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and heart failure (heart failure) after myocardial infarction, and to explore its clinical significance.Methods 29 patients with ICM heart failure after myocardial infarction who were admitted to our hospital from July 2018 to February 2019 were selected as the post-MI heart failure group, and 27 patients with non-myocardial infarction ICM heart failure were set as non-MI In the post-ICM heart failure group, 21 non-ICM heart failure patients were set as the non-ICM heart failure group, and 22 normal control patients were set as the normal control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the expression levels of Gal-3 and Nt-proBNP in the plasma of the four groups of patients, and the left atrial inner diameter (LAD) and left ventricular end-diastole were checked by echocardiography inner diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Compare the four groups of general data, plasma Gal-3 levels, analyze the sensitivity and specificity of Gal-3 levels in the diagnosis of heart failure and ICM heart failure after myocardial infarction, and analyze the correlation between Gal-3 levels and cardiac function in the four groups.Results The Gal-3 levels of the four groups were compared,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The Gal-3 level was the highest in the ICM heart failure group after central infarction. The level of Gal-3 in the ICM heart failure group after myocardial infarction was higher than that of the non-ICM heart failure group, non-ICM heart failure group, and normal control grou(P<0.05); The levels of Gal-3 in the ICM heart failure group and the non-ICM heart failure group after non-MI heart failure were higher than those in the normal control group(P<0.05); the non-ICM heart failure group and the non-ICM heart failure group after myocardial infarction,there was no statistically significant difference in the level of Gal-3 (P>0.05);The ROC AUC of Gal-3 for the diagnosis of heart failure was 0.989, which has good diagnostic efficiency. The ROC AOC of Gal-3 for the diagnosis of ICM heart failure after myocardial infarction is 0.753, which has certain diagnostic efficiency.The differences of LVEDD and LVEF of four groups were statistically significant (P<0.05). The ICM heart failure group after myocardial infarction had the highest LVEDD and the lowest LVEF. Spearman correlation analysis showed that the level of Gal-3 in the ICM heart failure group after myocardial infarction was positively correlated with LVEDD (r=0.407,P<0.05), and LVEF was negatively correlated (r=-0.620,P<0.05),there was no significant correlation with LAD correlation (P>0.05); there was no correlation between the level of Gal-3 in non-MI heart failure group, non-ICM heart failure group, and normal control group with LAD, LVEDD and LVEF after non-MI (P>0.05).Conclusion After myocardial infarction, the expression level of Gal-3 in the plasma of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and heart failure is increased, and it is correlated with the changes of left ventricular structure and function. It plays an important role in clinical evaluation of the condition and prognosis of such patients.
Key words:Myocardial infarction;Ischemic cardiomyopathy;Heart failure;Galectin 3
心力衰竭(heart failure)是一组复杂的临床综合征,是各种心脏病发展的终末阶段,在临床上呈现出发病率高、致残率高、死亡率高的特点,预后恶劣。近年来冠心病的发病率不断升高[1,2],由心肌长期缺血、缺氧或坏死所导致的缺血性心肌病(ICM)心力衰竭的发病率也在不断增加,已经成为心力衰竭的主要的病因。心肌梗死后引起的ICM心力衰竭患者死亡率更高、预后更差[3]。半乳糖凝集素3(Gal-3)是新型生物标志物,在心肌纤维化和心室重构过程中发挥了重要作用,已被证实为急性和慢性心力衰竭的独立预后生物标志物,并已被建议用于预测一般人群中的心力衰竭及全因死亡率[4-6],但其在心肌梗死后引起的ICM心力衰竭中的确切作用国内外少有研究。本研究纳入近年收治的心肌梗死后ICM心力衰竭患者,将其血浆中Gal-3表达水平与非心肌梗死后ICM心力衰竭患者、非ICM心力衰患者及正常对照患者比较,并将其血浆中Gal-3水平与LAD、LVEDD、LVEF进行相关性分析,探讨其临床意义。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料 选取2018年7月~2019年2月新乡医学院第一附属医院住院收治的心肌梗死后ICM心衰患者29例设为心梗后ICM心衰组,冠脉造影示1支或多支主要冠状动脉闭塞,临床症状、心电图及心肌标志物证实有心肌梗死,并符合ICM诊断标准[7]及《中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2018》心力衰竭诊断标准[8]。非心肌梗死后ICM心衰患者27例设为非心梗后ICM心衰组,冠脉造影示冠脉1支或多支主要冠状动脉狭窄病变,并符合ICM及心衰诊断标准。非ICM心力衰竭患者21例设为非ICM心衰组,冠脉造影正常,符合心衰诊断标准。正常对照组22例,冠脉造影结果正常,无心力衰竭症状体征。排除严重感染、严重肝肾功能不全、自身免疫性疾病、血液系统疾病、恶性肿瘤、甲状腺疾病、心脏相关手术史患者。
1.2方法
1.2.1血清指标 采集四组空腹静脉血,分别检测各组甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、血糖、血肌酐等指标,由我院检验科检测。
1.2.2 ELISA检测 采集四组空腹静脉血5 ml,置于EDTA管中,标本采集30 min内进行离心处理,离心后分离血浆,置于离心管中,贮存于-80℃ 冰箱中;采用酶联免疫吸附剂(ELISA)检测四组患者血浆中Gal-3及Nt-proBNP水平,酶联免疫吸附试剂盒购置于武汉云克隆科技股份有限公司,根据标准曲线计算标本中Gal-3及Nt-proBNP浓度。
1.2.3超声心动图检查 患者取左侧卧位,使用超声诊断仪检测超声心动图,经胸采用M4S探头,测量左房内径(LAD)和左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)。在心尖四腔心切面,采用改良的辛普森法测定左心室射血分数(LVEF)。超声心动图由我院超声科检测。
1.3 统计学分析 采用SPSS 23.0统计软件进行。计量资料用(x±s)表示,正态分布资料采用单因素方差分析进行统计分析;非正态资料采用Wilcoxon秩和检验进行统计分析。计数资料用频数和百分比进行描述,采用?字2检验进行统计分析。相关性分析采用Spearman秩相关检验;P<0.05为有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1四组一般资料比较 四组性别、年龄、BMI、吸烟史、饮酒史、高血压、糖尿病以及TG、TC、LDL-C比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);在HDL-C、血肌酐、Nt-proBNP、Gal-3方面比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);心梗后ICM心衰组HDL-C水平最低,血肌酐水平最高,Nt-proBNP水平最高,Gal-3水平最高;将四组Gal-3水平两两比较:心梗后ICM心衰组Gal-3水平高于其他三组(P<0.05)。非心梗后ICM心衰组、非ICM心衰组Gal-3水平均高于正常对照组(P<0.05);非心梗后ICM心衰组和非ICM心衰组Gal-3水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);见表1。
2.2 Gal-3水平对心力衰竭及心梗后ICM心衰诊断价值分析 Gal-3水平诊断心力衰竭的ROC曲线分析:AUC为0.989,有较好的诊断意义95%CI(0.974~1.000);Gal-3对心力衰竭诊断的敏感度和特异度诊截点为3.32 mg/L,此时敏感度为93.54%,特异度为95.53%。Gal-3水平诊断心梗后ICM心衰的ROC曲线分析:AUC为0.753,具有一定的诊断心梗后ICM心衰的意义95%CI(0.655~0.851);Gal-3诊断心梗后ICM心衰的敏感度和特异度诊截点为3.86 mg/L,此时敏感度为96.62%,特异度为50.04%。
2.3四组心功能指标比较 四组LVEDD、LVEF比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),其中心梗后ICM心衰组LVEDD最高,LVEF最低,见表2。
2.4四组Gal-3水平与心功能的相关性分析 Spearman相关性分析结果显示,心梗后ICM心衰组Gal-3水平与LVEDD呈正相关(P<0.05),LVEF呈负相关(P<0.05),与LAD无相关性(P>0.05)。正常对照组、非ICM心衰组、非心梗后ICM心衰组Gal-3水平与其LVEF、LVEDD、LAD均无相关性(P>0.05),见表3。
3讨论
心衰主要呈肺循环和体循环淤血的表现,如呼吸困难、体力活动受限和体液潴留,已经成为心血管疾病终末期最主要的死亡原因。随着年龄的增长,心竭患病率也不断增加,王华等[9]的研究结果显示,心衰患者中老年患者超过3/4,住院心衰患者的平均年龄为67.9岁,冠心病已经成为引起心衰的主要病因。缺血性心肌病是冠心病的一种特殊类型或晚期阶段[10],随着冠心病发病率的升高,缺血性心肌病的危害也日益加深。心肌梗死后ICM心衰患者具有严重的心肌受损病史,应用血清标志物对此类患者进行早期识别和诊断,有利于对患者的病情及预后做出评估[11]。
Gal-3作为炎性信号调控因子,能够促使单核细胞向巨噬细胞分化,并且使巨噬细胞分泌大量促炎症因子及趋化因子,加剧炎症介质的释放[12]。Gal-3在心肌纤维化和心室重构过程中发挥了重要作用,可反应患者心肌重构的活性[13,14]。Lok DJA等[15]的研究结果显示,Gal-3 水平在慢性心衰患者中明显升高,并且独立于Nt-proBNP之外。目前临床中对于心肌梗死后ICM心衰患者血浆中Gal-3的表达水平及Gal-3与患者心功能的研究较少。本研究结果显示,心肌梗死后ICM心衰患者Gal-3水平高于非心梗后ICM心衰组患者、非ICM心衰患者及正常对照组,表明在心肌梗死后ICM心衰患者中Gal-3表达水平明显升高,与郑颖等[16]研究发现心肌梗死后慢性心衰患者Gal-3水平呈高表达的结果一致。经过ROC分析,Gal-3对心力衰竭诊断的ROC AUC为0.989,具有较好的诊断效能。Gal-3对心梗后ICM心衰诊断的ROC AUC为0.753,有一定的诊断效能。
本研究中心梗后ICM心衰组、非心梗后ICM心衰组、非ICM心衰组、正常对照组相比较,心梗后ICM心衰组LVEDD升高,LVEF降低。进一步行Spearman相关性分析发现,心梗后ICM心衰组患者血浆Gal-3水平与LVEDD呈正相关,与LVEF呈负相关,即LVEDD越大及LVEF越小,血清Gal-3水平越高,间接说明Gal-3参与心室重构,能够反应心脏结构的改变,在评估慢性心力衰竭预后方面具有重要的意义,这与国内外研究结果一致[17-19]。
綜上所述,心肌梗死后缺血性心肌病心衰患者血浆中Gal-3表达水平升高,并且与患者左室结构和功能变化存在相关性,在临床上对此类患者病情及预后评估具有重要作用。
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收稿日期:2020-03-31;修回日期:2020-05-11
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