3 ways to prevent epidemics from spreading

江西九江市都昌县二中 侯昌玮

保持良好的卫生、维护清洁的环境，以及遵从医嘱是有效遏制流行疾病传播的三件法宝。

体裁 文章词数 难度 建议用时说明文 531 ★★★★ 10 分钟

难词探意

1.hygiene /'haɪdʒiːn/ n.卫生；卫生状况

2.antibacterial /,æntibæk'tɪəriəl/ adj.抗菌的；杀菌的

3.sanitizer /'sænɪtaɪzə(r)/ n.消毒剂

4.vacuum /'vækjuəm/ v.用真空吸尘器清扫

5.contagious /kən'teɪdʒəs/ adj.（疾病）接触传染的

An epidemic spreads to a large number of people within days or weeks.Maintaining good hygiene, keeping your environment clean and seeing your doctor are effective ways to prevent the spread of the epidemics.

Maintaining good hygiene

1 You should also clean your hands well after being in a public place,such as the bus,the office,or the grocery store.Practice good hand hygiene by washing your hands with antibacterial soap and water for at least 20-40 seconds.

You can use hand sanitizer throughout the day to kill germs.Go for hand sanitizer that contains alcohol so it can properly clean your hands.

Avoid touching your mouth, nose, or eyes.Try not to touch these areas with your hands,especially if they are dirty or have not been washed recently.

Do not share items like glasses, or toothbrushes with others.You should also avoid sharing combs and make-up like lipstick or lip balm.

2

Stay at home if you are sick to prevent spreading germs to others.Do not go into work or head to school if you are feeling ill or under the weather.

3

Wipe down food preparation areas before and after you cook.Make your own kitchen cleaner out of vinegar and water or buy a commercial cleaner.Spray and wipe down all the areas in your kitchen to prevent the spread of germs, especially if you are handling raw meat or seafood.Use separate cutting boards and knivesfor vegetables and raw meat or seafood to prevent contamination.

Clean your work space and other areas you use frequently with an antibacterial cleaner.Wipe down your computer, desk, and other areas in your work space that you touch and interact with regularly.Do this several times a week to ensure germs do not transfer from your work space to you.

Do a thorough clean of your home once a week.4 Clean the surfaces of your home with antibacterial cleaner andvacuumup dust or dirt on the floors so they are clean.You should wash all bedding and towels in your home once a week, especially if someone in your household is sick or appears ill.

Seeing your doctor

Go to the doctor if you feel ill or unwell.If you are feeling sick, try to get diagnosed and treated right away by your doctor to prevent your condition from becomingcontagious.Getting diagnosed with an epidemic can ensure you get treated correctly and effectively.It also reduces your chances of infecting others.

Get vaccinated for diseases regularly.Try to schedule your vaccinations before the epidemic becomes serious or the season for certain epidemics occurs.Ask your doctor which vaccines you can receive so you do not contract or spread certain diseases.

Ask your doctor about current epidemics and how you can avoid spreading them.There are a range of epidemics on the rise and it can be difficult to keep track of them all.Ask your doctor about which epidemics you should be concerned about in your area and how you can avoid contracting or spreading them.5 Or he/she may recommend that you avoid traveling to certain areas to reduce your chances of contracting an epidemic.

A.Keeping your environment clean

B.Informing infectious people of messages

C.You are not alone in working on pandemic prevention.

D.Your doctor may suggest a vaccine or lifestyle changes.

E.Sharing these items can cause germs to spread to others or to you.

F.You should wash your hands when preparing food or going to the bathroom.

G.Your home can harbor some bacteria that can spread epidemics like the flu.

Reading Check

Fill in each blank with only one word according to the context.

Language Study

Sentence for writing

Maintaining good hygiene， keeping your environment clean and seeing your doctor are effective ways to prevent the spread of the epidemics.

【信息提取】“doing...be an effective way to do...”是一个动名词作主语的句型，意为“……是……的有效方法”。

【句式仿写】多阅读是提高英语的有效方法。

主题应用·语库构建

Ⅰ.短语积累

1.病毒相关 Virus

plague 死亡率高的传染病；灾害

cholera 霍乱

bubonic plague 腺鼠疫

smallpox 天花

measles 麻疹

novel coronavirus 新型冠状病毒

pneumonia 肺炎

intermediate host 中间宿主

source of infection 传染源

route of transmission 传播途径

droplet transmission 飞沫传播

aerosol transmission 气溶胶传播

contact transmission 接触传播

vertical transmission 垂直传播

susceptible population 易感人群

incubation/latent period 潜伏期

sporadic case 散发病例

outbreak 爆发

prevalence 流行

pandemic （全国或全球性）流行病

affected area 疫区

2.病例相关 Case

case of infection 感染病例

suspected case 疑似病例

asymptomatic case 无症状病例

severe case 重症病例

confirmed case 确诊病例

number of new cases 新增病例数

cumulative number of cases 累计病例数

number of deaths 死亡病例数

cured case 治愈病例

fatality rate 病死率

contagion 接触传染

basic reproduction rate 基本繁殖率

3.患者相关 Patient

nucleic acid testing 核酸检测

clinical trial 临床试验

vaccine 疫苗

infected person 感染者

caregiver 护理者

cough 咳嗽

sneeze 打喷嚏

sputum 痰

afflict 使痛苦；折磨

spit 吐痰

inhale 吸入

exhale 呼出

contamination 污染

symptom 症状

fever 发热

headache 头痛

fatigue 疲劳

dry cough 干咳

stuffy nose 鼻塞

runny nose 流鼻涕

sore throat 喉咙痛

diarrhea 腹泻

have difficulty in breathing 呼吸困难

4.生物学相关Biology

respiratory system 呼吸系统

respiratory tract 呼吸道

nasal cavity 鼻腔

oral cavity 口腔

pharynx 咽

larynx 喉

trachea 气管

bronchi 支气管

lung 肺

5.防护相关 Protection

quarantine 隔离期

mask 口罩

surgical mask 医用外科口罩

protective clothing 防护服

goggles 护目镜

shoe covers 鞋套

gloves 手套

disposable 一次性的

disinfection 消毒

disinfectant 消毒剂

alcohol 酒精

spray 喷洒

hand sanitizer 洗手液

check the body temperature of passengers 检查乘客体温

maintain good hygiene 保持良好的卫生

keep your environment clean 保持环境清洁

disinfect the waiting room 给候诊室消毒

curb the spread of the virus 抑制病毒的传播

6.其他

severe 严峻的

epidemic 流行病

serve as a volunteer 做志愿者

battle with the epidemic 与流行病做斗争

join in the fight actively 积极参加战斗

do my part 尽我的职责

volunteer at the station 在车站做志愿者

with the number of novel coronavirus cases con-

tinuing to rise 随着新型冠状病毒病例的不断增加

both in and outside of China 国内外

join in treating patients 参与治疗患者

donated material for epidemic prevention 防疫捐赠物资

strong national cohesion 强大的民族凝聚力

in the fight against...在与……的对抗中

PHEIC=Public Health Emergency of International Concern 国际公共卫生紧急事件

WHO=World Health Organization 世界卫生组织

Health Commission 卫健委

Ⅱ.美句背诵

1.Outbreaks of these diseases, especially smallpox, have killed many people in its existence.这些疾病的爆发，特别是天花，已经在其存在的时间里杀死了许多的人。

2.Novel coronavirus pneumonia has done a heavy damage, with millions of reported victims worldwide and hundreds of thousands of deaths reported so far.新冠肺炎已经造成了严重的损害。 据报道，到目前为止全世界已有数以百万的人被确诊，几十万人死亡。

3.Generally considered the most deadly of the seven cholera pandemics, the third major outbreak of cholera in the 19th century lasted for several years.19世纪霍乱的第三次大爆发持续了几年, 被普遍认为是七次霍乱大流行病中最致命的一次。

4.Between 2005 and 2012 the annual global deaths from HIV/AIDS dropped sharply.2005年至2012年期间，全球每年死于艾滋病病毒/艾滋病的人数急剧下降。

5.What is more, the information epidemic has made it difficult to control the public healthcrisis，where a few facts—mixed with fear, speculation and rumour were inflated and relayed swiftly worldwide by modern information technology.而且，信息的迅速传播使得控制公共卫生危机变得困难。在这场危机中，一些与恐惧、猜测和谣言交织在一起的事实借助于现代信息技术在全世界被迅速地夸大和传播。

6.Zhong's life has always been closely linked with his patients and with the development of the nation.He has given his patients comfort and strength to fight the disease.钟南山的生活始终与他的病人和国家的发展息息相关。 他给了病人对抗疾病的安慰和力量。

7.Maintaining good hygiene, keeping your environment clean and seeing your doctor are effective ways to prevent the spread of the epidemics.保持良好的卫生、 保持你的环境清洁和看医生是防止流行病传播的有效方法。

8.Do not share items like glasses, or toothbrushes with others.You should also avoid sharing combs and make-up like lipstick or lip balm.不要与他人共用眼镜或牙刷等物品。要避免混用梳子和化妆品，如口红或唇膏。

9.If you are feeling sick, try to get diagnosed and treated right away by your doctor to prevent your condition from becoming contagious.如果你感到不舒服， 要尽量马上得到医生的诊断和治疗，以防止你的病情传染。

10.Getting diagnosed with an epidemic can ensure you get treated correctly and effectively.It also reduces your chances of infecting others.被诊断出患有流行病可以确保你得到正确和有效的治疗。 这也降低了你感染他人的可能性。

11.We should avoid traveling to certain areas like supermarkets，squares and cinemas to reduce our chances of contracting an epidemic.我们应该避免去某些地方，如超市、广场和电影院，以减少我们感染流行病的机会。

12.When you feel depressed, reading is one of the solutions to heal your inner pains.Sometimes doing exercise also helps.当你感到沮丧时， 阅读是治愈你内心痛苦的良药之一。有时做运动也会有所帮助。

Ⅲ.读后创写

假定你是《疯狂英语》的主编陈老师，近期，各地的学校陆续恢复开学，请以《疯狂英语》的名义给即将返校的同学们写一封公开信，表达你的希望和祝福。

注意：

1.词数150 左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear readers,

Yours,

Editor-in-chief Chen of Crazy English