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Unit 10 I’ve had this bike for three years.

2020-06-19

时代英语·初中 2020年2期
关键词:延续性省略对面

重点单词

1. check  v. & n.  检查;审查

Check your homework before handing it in.

交作业以前先检查一遍。

Ill just have a quick check to see if the letter has arrived yet.

我要快速查看一下,看看那封信是否已经寄到。

check out 察看;观察

Check out the prices at our new store!

看一看我们新商店的价格吧!

2. clear  v.  清理;清除

Its your turn to clear the table.

该轮到你收拾餐桌了。

clear out 清理;丢掉

We cleared out all our old clothes.

我们扔掉了所有的旧衣服。

(1)clear  adj.  清晰易懂的;明白清楚的

Youll do as youre told, is that clear?

叫你做什么你就去做什么,明白吗?

(2)clearly  adv.  清楚地;清晰地

Would you speak more clearly?

你能再说清楚一点吗?

3. own  v.  拥有;有

Do you own your house or do you rent it?

你的房子是自己的,还是租的?

(1)own  adj.  自己的,本人的

It was her own idea.

那是她自己的主意。

(2)owner  n.  物主;主人

The owner of the shop was sweeping his floor when I walked in.

我走进去的时候店主正在扫地。

4. part  v.  离开;分开

We parted at the airport.

我们在机场分开。

I hate being parted from the children.

我不愿与孩子们分开。

part with 放弃;交出 (尤指不舍得的东西)

Make sure you read the contract before parting with any money.

一定要注意先看清合约再交钱。

part  n.  部分

We spent part of the time in the museum.

我们花了一部分时间在博物馆。

5. search  v. & n.  搜索;搜查

search作动词意为“搜查”时,后面跟搜查的范围,可跟人、房屋等名词或代词作宾语。而search for后面跟搜查的目标。

She searched her desk for the necessary information.

她在她的书桌里搜寻必要的资料。

She went into the kitchen in search of (=looking for) a drink.

她进了厨房,想找点喝的。

search out 找出;查到

The librarian finally searched out the book I wanted.

圖书管理员最后找出了我要借的那本书。

6. shame  n.  羞耻;羞愧;惭愧

Her father and her brothers would die of shame.

她的父亲和兄弟们会羞愧死的。

shame  n.  令人惋惜的事;让人遗憾的事

It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.

半途而废就太遗憾了。

7. regard  v.  将……认为;把……视为

regard... as... 把……视为……

He was regarded as the most successful president of modern times.

他被看成是近代最成功的总统。

8. opposite  prep.  与……相对;在……对面

adj.  对面的;另一边的

The bank is opposite the supermarket.

银行在超市的对面。

Answers are given on the opposite page.

答案在对页上。

9. consider  v.  注视;仔细考虑

He stood there, considering the painting.

他站在那里,凝视着那幅画。

She considered her options.

她仔细考虑了自己的各种选择。

Were considering buying a new car.

我们在考虑买一辆新车。

注意:consider意为“仔细考虑”时,后面可接名词和动词的-ing形式。

consider  v.  认为;视为

辨析:consider和regard

consider和regard都可指“认为、视为”。consider 常用的结构有consider sb/sth as sth (as可以省略);regard常用的结构有regard sb/sth as sth (as不可以省略)。此外,consider 常用的结构还有consider sb/sth to be sth (to be可以省略)。

I consider him (as) a friend. =I regard him as a friend.

我把他视为朋友。

This award is considered (to be) a great honor.

这项奖被视为极大的荣誉。

10. hold  v.  拥有;抓住

Employees hold 30% of the shares.

雇员持有30%的股份。

I held the mouse by its tail.

我抓着耗子的尾巴倒提起来。

hold on 等一等;别挂电话

hold on to 坚持

重点短语

1. no longer 不再;不复

no longer有时可用not... any longer或not... anymore替换。

He no longer lives here.

=He doesnt live here anymore/any longer.

他不再住这儿了。

2. to be honest 说实在的

To be honest, it was one of the worst books Ive ever read.

说实在的,那是我读过的最差的书之一。

honest  adj.  诚实的;老实的

He is an honest man.

他是一个诚实的人。

3. according to 依据;按照

According to Mick, its a great movie.

据米克说,这是一部了不起的电影。

4. close to 几乎;接近

He made a profit close to $200 million.

他赚了接近两亿美元。

close by 在不远处

Our friends live close by.

我们的朋友住得不远。

活学活用

从方框中选择适当的短语填空。

as for part with check out clear out close to

1. I love my dad and I would never ______ him.

2. Those are some toys that we want to ______ .

3. ______ Jane, shes doing fine.

4. She lives ______ a school.

5. Please ______ these names and numbers.

基本语法

现在完成时(Ⅲ)

某些动词的现在完成时可表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

1. 可以和表示延续的时间状语连用,如“for+时间段”“since+过去的时间点”“since+一段时间+ago”“since+一般过去时的句子”。

I have lived here for 10 years.

=I have lived here since 10 years ago.

我已经住在这里10年了。

She has taught us since I came to this school.

自从我来到这所学校,她就一直教我们。

2. 表示持续动作或状态的动词多是延续性动词。

短暂性动词 (buy, die, join, finish等) 不能直接与表示一段时间的状语连用,需要转换为相应的延续性动词。

buy—have borrow—keep

put on—wear catch a cold—have a cold

get to know—know get to sleep—sleep

begin/start—be on go out—be out

open—be open close—be closed

become—be die—be dead

finish/end—be over leave/go—be away

fall asleep—be asleep make friends—be friends

join—be in/be a member of

come/arrive/reach/get to—be (in)

注意:非延續性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时。

I havent seen him for three years.

我三年没有看见他了。

3. 现在完成时和一般过去时的区别

(1)侧重点不同

现在完成时侧重于过去发生的某一动作对现在的影响;而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间。即现在完成时强调的是现在的情况,而一般过去时强调动作发生在过去。

I have seen the film.

我看过这部电影。(我了解这部电影的内容)

I saw the film three days ago.

三天前我看了这部电影。(只说明三天前看了这部电影,不涉及现在的情况)

(2)时间状语不同

现在完成时可以和already, yet, just, ever, never, before等副词连用,还可以和“for+时间段”“since+过去的时间点”“since+一段时间+ago”“since+一般过去时的句子”等时间状语连用;而一般过去时则常与three weeks ago, just now, yesterday, last night等表示过去时间的状语连用。

She has lived here since two years ago.

她两年前就住在这里了。

She lived here two years ago.

两年前她住在这里。

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