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Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came?

2020-06-19

时代英语·初中 2020年2期
关键词:延续性时态辨析

重点单词

1. begin  v.  (began) 开始

Ill begin whenever youre ready.

你什么时候准备好我就开始。

常用结构:begin to do sth/begin doing sth开始做某事

一般来说,begin to do和begin doing可以互换。

2. heavily  adv.  在很大程度上;大量地

My father smokes heavily.

我父亲烟瘾很重。

注意:形容雨、雪下得大用heavily或hard。

It rained heavily, so he didnt go to work yesterday.

雨下得很大,因此他昨天没去上班。

heavy  adj.  重的

Peter is heavier than his sister.

彼得比他的妹妹重。

3. light  n.  光;光线;光亮

Bring it into the light so I can see it.

把它拿到亮的地方,好让我看见。

注意:light意為“光;光线;光亮”时是不可数名词。

(1)作可数名词时意为“电灯”。

Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.

离开教室时关掉灯。

(2)作形容词时意为“轻的;浅色的”。

Is the box heavy or light?

盒子重不重?

I like the light green dress.

我喜欢那条浅绿色的裙子。

(3)作动词时意为“点燃;照亮”。

He sat down and lit a cigarette.

他坐下来点了一根烟。

4. report  v. & n.  报道;公布

Call me if you have something to report.

如果你有什么事要向我报告就给我打电话。

make a report 做报告 weather report 天气预报

Its reported that... 据报道……

Its reported that it will rain heavily tonight.

据报道,今夜有大雨。

5. beat  v.  敲打;打败

Someone is beating the door.

有人在敲门。

We beat them by 3:2.

我们以3比2打败了他们。

辨析:beat和win

beat 后常接竞争对手。

We beat them by the score of 2 to 1.

我们以2:1赢了他们。

win指赢得比赛、游戏奖杯、奖牌等。

Which team won the football match?

哪个队赢了那场足球赛?

6. against  prep.  倚;碰;撞

The teachers desk is against the wall.

老师的办公桌靠墙放着。

He stood against the tree.

他靠树站着。

against表示“反对”,其反义词为 for。

Are you for or against the plan?

你对这个计划是赞成还是反对呢?

7. rise  v. & n.  升起;增加;提高

Im going to ask for a rise.

我将申请加薪。

辨析:rise和raise

rise 升起;上升。指主语自身移向较高位置。

Price rose gradually.

价格慢慢上涨了。

raise 举起;提高。指主语发出的动作作用于其他事物。

Lets raise our glasses to Tom.

让我们为汤姆举起酒杯。

8. silence  n.  沉默;缄默;无声

Theres nothing but silence in the room.

屋内寂静无声。

silent  adj.  沉默的;寂静的

The old house was silent.

这座老房子寂静无声。

重点短语

1. go off (闹钟) 发出响声

The alarm went off just now.

刚才闹钟响了。

go over 复习 go away 离开

go by (时间) 过去

2. fall asleep 进入梦乡;睡着

辨析:fall asleep, go to sleep和go to bed

(1)fall asleep表示“入睡;睡着”,指进入梦乡,往往含有“不知不觉就睡着了”的意思。

He was just falling asleep when there was a loud knock at the door.

他刚要入睡时,传来了一阵响亮的敲门声。

(2)go to sleep强调“入睡;进入梦乡”这个动作。

I just want to close my eyes and go to sleep as quickly as possible.

我只是想閉上眼睛,尽快地睡上一觉。

(3)go to bed意为“就寝;上床睡觉”,指“上床去睡”这个动作,与get up相对应。

The students in our school usually get up at six in the morning and go to bed at half past nine in the evening.

我们学校的学生通常早晨六点起床,晚上九点半睡觉。

3. die down 逐渐变弱;逐渐消失

After a while, the wind began to die down.

过了一会儿,风开始减弱。

辨析:die down和die out

指火的熄灭时,用die down或die out皆可。

die down往往指火势由强到弱慢慢熄灭,植物慢慢死亡这一过程。

die out则指熄灭这一事实,而且不及die down用得普遍。

die down指风、声音、愤怒、掌声、战斗等平息下来。

die out指家庭、种族、物种、组织、信仰等的消失或消亡。

4. make ones way to... 前往;费力地前进

Ill make my way to the school now.

现在我要去学校。

活学活用

1. Ben didnt fall asleep until the wind ______ (die

down) at around 3:00 am.

2. I was too tired and still sleeping when my alarm _____

(go off).

3. The river ______ two inches this morning.

A. rose B. raised C. turned D. grew

4. 写出下列单词的过去式。

beat ______ rise ______

fall ______ begin ______

5. 词性转换。

heavy ______ (adv.) sudden ______ (adv.)

recent ______ (adv.) complete ______ (adv.)

sleep ______ (adj.) ice ______ (adj.)

silent ______ (n.) true ______ (n.)

report ______ (n.) strange ______ (n.)

基本语法

一、过去进行时态

1. 定义:表示过去某个时刻或过去某段时间正在进行的动作。

2. 用法:

(1)过去某个时间正在发生的动作。

He was doing his homework at nine yesterday morning.

昨天早上九点,他正在做作业。

(2)过去某段时间正在发生的动作。

I was staying here from March to May last year.

去年从3月到5月,我一直待在这里。

(3)与过去进行时连用的时间状语,常见的有 at nine last night/at that time/at this time yesterday或有when the teacher came in/while he was reading等提示。

(4)过去进行时的构成:was/were+现在分词

(5)过去进行时的四个基本句型

①肯定句:主语+was/were+doing sth+时间状语.

He was cooking at six last night.

②否定句:主语+was/were+not+doing sth+时间状语.

He was not cooking at six last night.

③一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+doing sth+时间状语?

肯定和否定回答:Yes,主语+was/were./No,主语+ wasnt/werent.

—Was he cooking at six last night?

—Yes, he was. /No, he wasnt.

④特殊疑问句:What...+was/were+主语+doing+时间状语?

What was he doing at six last night?

二、when与while的用法与区别

1. when与while都有“当……的时候”的意思。

(1)when既可表示某一时间点,也可表示某一段时间。在when 引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是非延续性的,可与主句中的谓语动词同时发生,也可在其后发生。

I was just reading a book when she came into my room.

她走进我房间时,我正在看书。

(2)while只能表示某一段时间。在while 引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语动词只能是延续性的,而且也只能与主句中的谓语动词同时发生或存在。

You cant do your homework while youre watching TV.

你不能一边看电视,一边做家庭作业。

2. when引导的时间状语从句多用一般时态,而while引导的时间状语从句多用进行时态。

I was doing my homework when my mother came back home yesterday evening.

昨天晚上妈妈回家的时候,我正在做家庭作业。

While they were talking, the bell rang.

他们正在谈话的时候,上课铃响了。

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