Study on the relationship between knee injury recovery and traditional Chinese medicine constitution of young male amateur cyclist in Hainan island cycling league

Yi-Zhen Han , Fang-Ning Yu 2, Qian Shen

Keywords:

ABSTRACT

1. Introduction

Knee injury is a kind of sports injury that is very easy to occur in sports. Due to incorrect posture or excessive amount of exercise, the probability of Knee sports injury keeps increasing [1]. Knee injuries are very common in sports injuries in cycling events. Mao Xujiang [2] studied sports injuries in field cyclists, and the results showed that the most injuries were muscle strain, lateral knee pain and soft tissue contusion. Bicycle amateur athletes in the game after the race, is easy to show the exercise fatigue produce knee injuries, for emergency treatment principles of soft tissue injuries of the event has been relatively mature system [3], most of the knee joint injury according to diあerent injury after injury caused by the operation exercises [4], rehabilitation exercise[5],acupuncture[6], massage [7] techniques treatment, and prevention methods are mostly in general warm-up activity, to wear protective devices, such as exercise training [8]. In the study of ruan [9]the physical types of the subjects were mainly mild and Yin deficiency. However, qi [10] found in their study that there was a correlation between TCM syndrome types of knee injury and diあerent TCM constitutions.

The author repeatedly involved in hainan island bicycle amateur sports health care work, found in cycling in the knee joint damage degree and the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine physique and recovery degree, the study was therefore to hainan island cycling young men bicycle amateur athletes as the research object, through the traditional Chinese medicine constitution classification and determine the self-test table [11], and the object of study can be divided into Yin qualitative and qualitative group, and use the international standard Kujala knee pain questionnaire scale [12] the research degree of knee injuries and recovery degree and the correlation between TCM constitution. It is hoped that diあerent protection schemes can be formulated according to diあerent TCM constitutions in the pre-competition screening of amateur cycling events in the future to reduce the occurrence of sports injuries and speed up the recovery time of sports injuries. The research is reported as follows.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1 The general information

Selected 2019 tour nanli lake national wetland park cycling race and hainan international tourism island cycling league (ding 'an station) young male amateur cyclists. According to the classification and self-determination table of TCM constitution, the patients were divided into mild and Yin deficiency groups. Pinghe quality group is expected to recruit 390 people, the actual recruitment of 372 people； The Yin deficiency group is expected to recruit 390 people and 348 people. A total of 720 cases. Two groups of gender were men, knee joint the average score was (97.78 + 0.22), the average age was (27.55 + 1.13) years, through the comparison, two groups in age, general data, such as the knee injury score comparison diあerence has no statistical significance (P ＞ 0. 05), on the body mass index (BMI), two groups has obvious diあerence in statistics (P ＜ 0.01). See table 1.

2.2 Inclusion criteria

Amateur athletes range in age from 18 to 50； In the past three months, I cycled more than once a week on average, and the distance of each cycling was ＞=10km[13]. Gender male； Successful completion of the event； Understand the study and sign the informed consent； All amateur cyclists had no obvious knee pain before the day's competition, which would not aあect the day's competition. According to the classification and determination of TCM constitutions, the self-test table conforms to the standards of TCM constitutions identification and Yin deficiency. Classification and determination of TCM constitutions contains 9 subscales including qi deficiency, ping ping, Yin deficiency, etc. Conversion score =[(original score - number of entries)/number of entries ×4]×100, the original is divided into the sum of all entries. According to the results of transformation, the constitution was determined by referring to the standards of classification and determination of TCM constitution. Among them, the transformation score of conformed level and mass was ≥60, and the transformation score of other constitution was ＜ 30. The conversion score of Yin deficiency quality subscale ≥40 was Yin deficiency quality.

2.3 Exclusion criteria

E xc l u d e t h o s e m e e t i n g o n e o f t h e fo l l ow i n g 8 criteria:Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases such as heart valve disease, chronic cardiac dysfunction and other dangerous diseases easily occur in sports； Rheumatic immune diseases such as fibromyalgia and other diseases aあecting motor function； Diseases that have a definite eあect on movement, such as severe spinal injury； Female competitors； Do not accord with the standard of "mild quality" and "Yin deficiency quality"； Failing to sign the informed consent； The researcher judged its compliance was poor and could not complete the researcher as required； Others, the researchers say, are not good candidates.

2.4 Removal and shedding criteria

Acute and chronic open soft tissue injury occurred in the competition； Fractures and other bone and joint injuries occurred during the competition； Failing to complete the race； The number of shedding cases should be controlled within 20%.

Table 1 Relationship analysis of the number and proportion, age, total knee score and BMI of the two physical conditions

Table 2 Analysis of total knee joint scores of the two groups

Table 3 Knee score of the two groups of squatting

Table 4 Knee flexion and extension scores of the two groups

2.5 Statistical analysis

PSS 20.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. Excel was used to construct the database and quantify the related variables. SPSS 20.0 statistical software was used for statistical analysis. The statistical results were expressed as±s. Paired sample t test was used for the comparison of measurement data between groups, and X2 test was used for the comparison of counting data. P＜0.05 was considered statistically significant.

2.6 Research plan

2.6.1 Observation time point

In this study, various eきcacy evaluation and observation indicators were selected. In this study, three time nodes will be selected for observation: 0～30 minutes before the race, 0～30 minutes after the race, and 3～5 days after the race [14]. (hereinafter referred to as "before the race, after the race, 5 days after the race")

2.6.2 Observation indicators and evaluation criteria

The patient filled in the questionnaire "relationship between knee pain recovery and TCM constitution of young male amateur cyclists", including TCM constitution classification and judgment self-test table [11] and standard Kujala knee pain questionnaire scale [12]. The knee function of the patients was evaluated before, after, 5 days after, and after the race. No intervention measures were taken during the 5 days after the race. If the knee joint function of the two groups has statistical significance at the same time node, it indicates that there is a strong correlation between pinyin and Yin deficiency quality and knee joint function. If the changes of various indicators of knee joint function in the two groups at three time nodes were statistically significant, it indicated that there was a strong correlation between pinyin and Yin deficiency quality and functional injury and recovery of knee joint. Otherwise, the correlation is poor.

3. Results

3.1 Analysis of total knee joint scores of the two groups

Analysis on the overall knee joint score of 720 amateur cyclists with moderate and Yin deficiency quality before, after, 5 days after, and pre-race and post-race, the two groups had statistical significance at 5 days post-race, pre-race and post-race time nodes, but no statistical significance (P＜0.01). Are shown in table 2.

3.2 Analysis on knee score of the two groups of squatting

Analysis on knee score squatting before, after, 5 days after, and pre-race and post-race of 720 amateur cyclists with moderate and moderate Yin deficiency quality； there were statistical diあerences between the two groups after the race (P＜0.01), while there were no statistical diあerences. See table 3.

3.3 Knee flexion and extension scores of the two groups

Analysis of knee flexion and extension in 720 amateur cyclists with moderate and Yin deficiency quality before, after, 5 days after, and after. Before and after the race (P＜0.05), there was statistical significance (P＜0.05), but no statistical significance. See table 4.

3.4 Knee score jump of the two groups

Analysis on knee score jumping of 720 amateur cyclists with moderate and Yin deficiency before, after and within 5 days after the race. There was statistical significance after the race, pre-race and post-race (P＜0.05), but no statistical significance. As shown in table 5.

4. Discussion

Through the above research, it can be concluded that the main diあerence between the two constitutions lies in the degree of sports injury and the degree of sports recovery 5 days after the race.

In the first aspect, the degree of sports injury in patients with Yin deficiency quality was higher than that in patients with mild quality. No matter the degree of knee flexion and extension, squatting or jumping, it is the manifestation of knee joint injury, and it is the movement with higher requirements on knee joint function. The causes of knee injuries are mostly due to unreasonable movement posture [15].

On the one hand, the change of physical condition and symptoms will lead to the change of movement posture, that is, the change ofmuscle and ligament strength. In traditional Chinese medicine, the most commonly used exercise is "muscles and muscles", "huangdi neijing su wen" yun: "the vagina is unfavorable, muscles and muscles without gas to live, so there is no yan. "Meridians, so the line of blood and ying Yin and Yang, moisten muscles and bones, benefit the joints also...... Therefore, blood and meridians are popular and Yin and Yang, strong muscles and bones, and clear joints." Vagina here refers to the Yin fluid such as sweat, blood and so on the running channel, so when it is not unobvious will easily lead to blood deficiency； In traditional Chinese medicine, meridians are qi and blood channels running around muscles and bones, which are also closely related to the functions of muscles and bones. When blood deficiency and meridians are not popular, the functions of muscles and bones are also susceptible to be aあected, resulting in the state of "no use". However, the temporary "no use" caused by the movement is reversible, and the obstruction of meridians, qi and blood is mostly generated locally. Therefore, although the substantial injury of muscles and bones has not yet occurred, the movement posture will be deformed and the knee joint injury will be aggravated due to the temporary "no use".

Table 5 Knee score jump of the two groups

On the other hand, the degree of post-race sports injury and the degree of post-race 5-day sports recovery are also related to the local climate. Hainan, located near the equator, has a hot climate and a high temperature all year round. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, there are more heat and heat evils than other regions. "the yellow emperor's internal classics and vegetable questions" said, "if the body is hot due to deficiency of qi, it will hurt the body to get heat." Mass, it points out that the Yin deficiency patients prone to sweat out of many, and in the vigorous exercise, symptoms of sweat out more obvious, the consumption of body fluid is more, and according to the plain question of huangdi nei jing "sweat homologous" khan "means" Yang to Yin, the generation of sweat and blood run "blood" of "fluid" related, the sweat out, excessive Yin, consume too much fluid can easily lead to blood deficiency. However, people with Yin deficiency have the ability to adapt to the external environment, and they are tolerant to winter, summer, heat, heat and other evil spirits [11]. Therefore, due to the reasons of climate and sports, amateur bicycle athletes with Yin deficiency tend to aggravate their "Yin deficiency" symptoms. At the same time, due to the change of its constitution, it is also easy to lead to the aggravation of the degree of knee injury.

In the second aspect, the recovery degree of the patients with Yin deficiency quality was higher than that of the patients with mild quality five days after the race. The etiology of higher degree of sports injury in patients with Yin deficiency is reversible. The main reason for the damage is the deficiency of Yin fluid, and the muscles and bones have a temporary "unused" state. Therefore, attention should be paid to the replenishment of Yin fluid in the later stage, so that the loss of sweat can be timely replenished. The muscles and bones themselves have not been excessively damaged during the exercise, so the temporary "unused" state disappears.

In view of the above conclusion, on the one hand, in order to prevent the match Yin deficiency patients prone to "instead of" quality "blood deficiency", can be in before the constitution of traditional Chinese medicine screening, early and prepared suきcient water, electrolyte, etc., before the game will be easily damaged bones and muscles fully relax muscles, ensure its meridian, qi and blood running smooth, even against their physique brief adjustment in advance, Yin fluid through methods such as traditional Chinese medicine of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture and other complementary； And 5 days after the race, in addition to timely replenishment of water, in order to prevent the need to make just after a large amount of exercise muscles and bones and muscles local "meridian tongli", at this time should appropriately increase the post-race tensile strength, make the meridians run more smoothly, improve the post-race recovery eきciency. On this basis, in modern studies, the main stressed muscles in cycling are lower limb muscles, such as triceps [16-17], quadriceps [18-19], hamstrings [20], etc. Therefore, relevant exercises [21-22] can be formulated in daily training to prevent and relieve knee pain.

On the other hand, for the relief of the symptoms of knee pain itself, the huangdi neijing lingshu says: "the veins of foot yangming... The blood of the Lord was born... The knee is swollen and painful." , suggesting the knee pain symptom free itself and stomach meridians and correlated with the operation of the "blood", stomach meridians is the blood of the gas, when the foot yangming meridian blood deficiency, function problems, before the game, five days after the game but also by paste [23-24], on cutting method [25], [26] knee method of sitting position, as traditional Chinese medicine method to increase the degree of meridians unobstructed and adjust local blood running； Plain question and the Canon of the yellow emperor cloud: "husband, 38, kidney average, strong bones and muscles strength, so the real teeth and very long", plain question cloud: "the Canon of the yellow emperor" kidney is the main water, the insides of the essence of Tibetan ", kidney with congenital essence nourishes the body, so the body's blood biochemical and kidney also has a close relationship, this suggests the physique muscle growth and kidney of the intimate relationship, and therefore can be through the kidney and activating blood method from the perspective of internal control knee related factor [27] to alleviate symptoms.

Prior research has shown that knee injury and constitution of traditional Chinese medicine have close correlation, this study attempts to from the bicycle amateur athletes knee function and constitution of traditional Chinese medicine and quality, Yin quality of TCM constitution and function of the knee joint injury and the recovery degree of relationship, can come to the conclusion that gentle quality, Yin quality in function of the knee joint injury and the relationship between the recovery degree of relevance, and patients with Yin deficiency after mass sports injury degree higher than that of patients with gentle temperament, five days after the Yin quality return a degree higher than peaceful mass to the patients. Limitation is due to the questionnaire of subjectivity, and less time node selection, selection of fitness is less, not from the overall grasp all physical nodes in each time the statistical changes, and more professional athletes because of the amateur athletes knee joint injury of lighter, indistinguishable on many symptoms, so the only meaningful part symptoms. This study can provide ideas for future studies on TCM constitutions and knee injury of cyclists, and the correlation between other TCM constitutions and knee injury will be further explored in the follow-up studies of this study, as well as the formulation of corresponding TCM protection schemes for each constitution.