阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

（一）

Rules for the University Entrance Examination

●You must be at the examination center ten minutes before the examination starts. If you are more than ten minutes late， you may not enter the examination center. The examination takes place at the same time in different states.

●You must have proof of your name and grade as well as official examination number. Show these when you come to the examination center.

●Depending on which examination you are taking， you may bring certain items into the examination center. Mathematics examinations may allow you to use electronic calculators[計算器]. Other subjects may allow you to use dictionaries and other reference material. Please read the notes sent with your timetable carefully.

●You must bring your own pencils. None will be provided for you. The following items are not allowed in the examination center： walkmans and radios， head sets， any food or drink， schoolbags， electronic equipment （unless specifically permitted for various subjects）， and mobile phones.

●Once in the center， you must sit at the desk with your examination number on it. When you sit down， place your examination number at the top comer of your desk.

●You must remain silent during the examination. You must not disturb other people who are taking the test.

●If you need a drink or toilet break， you should raise your hand and wait for the supervisor[监督者] to speak to you. You will be given water or the supervisor will take you to the bathroom. You are not allowed to talk with anyone during the break.

●You must write your answers in the official answer sheet. Your supervisor will provide extra paper if you wish to make notes.

●You may leave the examination room at any time if you do not plan to return. If you finish early and want to leave， please move well away from the examination center.

●The supervisor will warn you fifteen minutes， five minutes and one minute before the end of the examination. When the supervisor says that the time is up， you must put down your pencil and wait at your desk until you paper is collected.

1. What kind of examination are these rules probably for？

A. A local exam.

B. A final exam.

C. A college exam.

D. A national exam.

2. What are you allowed to have with you when you take mathematics examination？

A. Related material.

B. Proof of yourself.

C. A cell phone.

D. A dictionary.

3. What should you do if you finish the test early and want to get a better result？

A. Take some notes carefully.

B. Leave the room immediately.

C. Remain in your seat and check again.

D. Raise your hand to inform your teacher.

4. What can be provided for you during the exam？

A. Pencils.

B. Food and drink.

C. Extra paper.

D. Calculators.

（二）

About ten years ago， a young and very successful businessman named Josh was traveling down a Chicago neighborhood street. He was going a bit too fast in his shiny， black， 12 cylinder Jaguar XKE， which was only two months old.

He was watching for kids rushing out from between parked cars and slowed down when he thought he saw something. As his car passed， no child came out， but a brick sailed out and—WHUMP！—it hit the Jags shiny black side door！ SCREECH…！！！！ Immediately Josh stopped the car， jumped out， seized the kid and pushed him up against a parked car. He shouted at the kid， “What was that all about and who are you？ Just what the heck are you doing？！” Building up a head of steam， he went on. “ Thats my new Jag， that brick you threw is gonna cost you a lot of money. Why did you throw it？”

“Please， mister， please… Im sorry！ I didnt know what else to do！” begged the youngster. “I threw the brick because no one else would stop！” tears were streaming down the boys face as he pointed around the parked car. “Its my brother， mister，” he said. “He rolled of the curb[路沿] and fell out of his wheelchair and I cant lift him up.”Sobbing， the boy asked the businessman，“ Would you please help me get him back into his wheelchair？ Hes hurt and hes too heavy for me.”

Moved beyond words， the young businessman tried hard to swallow the rapidly swelling lump in his throat. Straining， he lifted the young man back into the wheelchair and took out his handkerchief and wiped the scrapers and cuts， checking to see that everything was going to be OK. He then watched the younger brother push him down the sidewalk toward their home.

It was a long walk back to the black， shining 12 cylinder Jaguar XKE — a long and slow walk. Josh never did fix the side door of his Jaguar. He kept the dent[凹痕] to remind him not to go through life so fast that someone has to throw a brick at him to get his attention. Feel for the bricks of life coming at you.

1. The boy threw a brick at the businessmans car because ________.

A. the businessman drove at a high speed

B. he envied the brand-new car very much

C. he wanted to ask for some money

D. he wanted to get help from the driver

2. Which of the following is the right order of the story？

A. The younger brother threw a brick at Joshs car.

B. The elder brother fell out of his wheelchair.

C. The younger brother begged Josh for help.

D. Josh lifted the elder brother back into his wheelchair.

e. Josh shouted at the younger brother.

A.b， a， e， c， d

B. a， c， d， b， e

C. b， a， c， e， d

D. a， c， b， e， d

3. What can we learn from the passage？

A. Josh would accept the money from the kids.

B. The two kids were Joshs neighbors.

C. Josh was a kind-hearted man.

D. Joshs new car broke down easily.

4. according to the passage， the last sentence means ________.

A. trying to get ready for the trouble in your future life

B. driving fast in a neighborhood street is dangerous

C. trying to be more understanding seeing others in trouble

D. protecting oneself from being hurt

（三）

A qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing. He once said： “Medicine is my lawful wife， and literature is my lover.” Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov， was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modern short story.

When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879， he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family. After he graduated， he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.

As a writer he was extremely fast， often producing a short story in an hour or less. Chekhovs medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference[冷漠] many of his characters show to tragic events. In 1892， he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories.

Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia. Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair.

It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhovs stories and plays. He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters. Chekhovs work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity[敏感] of an artist.

Some of Chekhovs works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s. One of his famous stories， The Man in a Shell， about a school teachers extraordinarily orderly life， was selected as a text for Chinese senior students.

1. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ________.

A. had a lawful lover                          B. was an illegal writer

C. used to be a lawyer                          D. was a competent doctor

2. In 1880， Chekhov ________.

A. became a full-time writer

B. studied medicine in Moscow University

C. practiced medicine in his hometown

D. published his most memorable stories

3. Which of the following adjectives cant be used to describe Chekhov？

A. Sensitive.                                    B. Cool.

C. Quick-minded.                            D. Warm-hearted.

4. Which of the following is the right order of the events？

a. became a doctor

b. became a full time writer

c. started to publish comic short stories

d. wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper.

e. entered the Moscow University Medical School

A. e→c→a→d→b                      B. d→a→b→c→e

C. e→c→b→a→d              D. a→e→c→b→d

（四）

Why do men die earlier than women？ The latest research makes it known that the reason could be that mens hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age.

The largest study of the effects of ageing on the heart has found that womens longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age.

“We have found that the power of the male heart falls by 20-25 percent between 18 and 70 years of age，” said the head of the study， David Goldspink of Liverpool John Moores University in the UK.

“Within the heart there are millions of cells that enable it to beat. Between the age of 20 and 70， one-third of those cells die and are not replaced in men，” said Goldspink. “This is part of the ageing process.”

What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells. A healthy 70-year-old womans heart could perform almost as well as a 20-year-old ones.

“This gender difference might just explain why women live longer than men，” said Goldspink. They studied more than 250 healthy men and women between the ages of 18 and 80， focusing on healthy persons to remove the confusing influence of disease. “The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart，” said Goldspink.

The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise. Goldspink stressed that women also need regular exercise to prevent their leg muscles becoming smaller and weaker as they age.

1. The underlined word “longevity” in the second paragraph probably refers to “________”.

A. health              B. long life

C. ageing              D. effect

2. The text mainly talks about ________.

A. mens heart cells            B. womens ageing process、

C. the gender difference      D. hearts and long life

3. according to the text， the UK scientists have known that ________.

A. women have more cells than men when they are born

B. women can replace the cells that enable the heart to beat

C. the female heart loses few of the cells with age

D. women never lose their pumping power with age

4. If you want to live longer， you should ________.

A. enable your heart to beat much faster

B. find out the reason for ageing

C. exercise regularly to keep your heart healthy

D. prevent your cells from being lost

5. We can know from the passage that ________.

A. the reason why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart has been found out

B. scientists are on the way to finding out why the male heart loses more of the cells

C. the team has done something to prevent the male from suffering the greater loss

D. women over 70 could lose more heart cells than those at the age of 20

參考答案与解析

（一）

本文讲的是大学入学考试（高考）的一些规则。

1. D。细节题。由第一条最后一句The examination takes place at the same time in different states.是“全国性”的考试。

2. B。推断题。由第二段可知无论参加哪科考试都要带准考证，考数学也应如此。

3. C。推断题。假如你很早的完成了试题并且想得到一个好的分数，我们通常的做法是要仔细检查。在解答此题的时候，可以使用排除法。

4. C。细节题。由第八段可知。

（二）

本文通过记叙十年前一个叫Josh的非常成功的企业家驾驶着他那崭新的汽车在芝加哥附近的街道上发生的故事，告诉人们应该多体谅他人疾苦。

1. D细节题。由第三段中小孩的话语可知。

2. A细节题。根据文章第二、三段的描述及小孩的话语，可确定答案。

3. C推断题。根据文章的第四段的描述可知Josh是个好心人。

4. C句意题。由最后一段倒数第二句的含义可知是叫人们多体谅他人疾苦。

（三）

1. D 事实细节题。根据 A qualified doctor who rarely practiced 可知，契诃夫是个合格的医生。

2. B 推理判断题。根据 When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879 可知契诃夫 1879 年进入莫斯科大学学医，可以断定契诃夫 1880 年正在大学学医。

3. D 事实细节题。文中讲到了他的品质有：cool， sensitive （calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity of an artist） ， quick-minded （extremely fast， often producing a short story in an hour or less），但沒有涉及到warm-hearted这方面的品质。

4. A 事实细节题。要求排列事件顺序。可用首尾定位法。第一个事件是 entered the Moscow University Medical School，最后一个事件是 became a full time writer，故答案为 A。

（四）

1. B 词义猜测题。根据文章第 1 段的第 1 句 Why do men die earlier than women 及全文内容可猜出，本题的正确答案选 B。

2. D 主旨大意题。根据文章第 1 段的第 2 句 …the reason could be that mens hearts go into rapid decline when they reach middle age 和第 2 段中的 womens longevity may be linked to the fact that their hearts do not lose their pumping power with age 及全文内容可知，本题的正确答案选 D。

3. C 事实细节题。根据文章第 5 段的第 1 句 What surprises scientists is that the female heart sees very little loss of these cells 可知，本题的正确答案选 C。

4. C 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的第 1 句 The good news is that men can improve the health of their heart with regular exercise 及文章主题可知，本题的正确答案选 C。

5. B 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 2 段中的 The team has yet to find why ageing takes a greater loss on the male heart 可推知，本题的正确答案选B。