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盐分胁迫对养心菜生长及品质指标的影响

2020-05-20张国新王秀萍姚玉涛

安徽农业科学 2020年8期
关键词:生长指标盐胁迫品质

张国新 王秀萍 姚玉涛

摘要 [目的]研究土壤盐分对养心菜生长及品质等指标的影响,为不同程度盐碱地条件下养心菜的功能性栽培提供技术支撑。[方法]采用原土调配盆栽试验,通过CK(0.65 g/kg)、T1(2.00 g/kg)、T2(4.00 g/kg)、T3(6.00 g/kg)、T4(8.00 g/kg)5个盐分胁迫处理,进行株高、单株产量指标及单宁、黄酮、硝酸盐、Vc等品质指标分析。[结果]养心菜株高、茎数、单株产量均随盐分增加而逐渐减小,CK、T1处理间单株产量差异不显著,与其他3个处理间差异均达显著水平;随盐分增大,单宁含量逐渐增加,养心菜植株中黄酮含量先增加后减小,4个处理与对照比较均达显著水平,其中T4处理达到最大值,变幅在1.12~1.36 mg/g之间。随着盐分增加,硝酸盐含量逐渐减小,4个处理与对照比较均达显著水平;Vc含量除T1处理较对照略有增加外,其他处理均逐渐减小,与对照比较均达显著水平。[结论]养心菜作为盐碱地食用栽培,以含盐量2.00 g/kg的轻度盐碱地为宜;成分提取及功能性开发栽培,以土壤含盐量不超过4.00 g/kg为宜。

关键词 盐胁迫;养心菜;生长指标;品质

Abstract [Objective]The effects of soil salinity on growth, quality and other indicators of Sedum aizoon L.were studied to provide technical support for functional cultivation of Sedum aizoon L. under different saline alkali soils. [Method]The pot experiment was carried out with original soil blending. The plant height, yield index per plant, tannin, flavonoid, nitrate, VC and other quality indexes were analyzed by five salt stress treatments of CK (0.65 g/kg), T1 (2.00 g/kg), T2 (4.00 g/kg), T3 (6.00 g/kg) and T4(8.00 g/kg).[Result]Plant height, stem number and the yield per plant decreased gradually with the increase of salt content, and there was no significant difference in the yield per plant between the CK and T1 treatment , and the differences with other three treatments reached significant levels;with the increase of salinity, the tannin content increased gradually. With the increase of salt, the content of flavonoids in Sedum aizoon L. increased at first and then decreased, and the content of flavonoids in the four treatments reached a significant level compared with CK, among which T4 treatment reached the maximum, with a range of 1.12-1.36 mg/g. With the increase of salinity, the content of nitrate gradually decreased, and the four treatments reached a significant level compared with the control; except for the T1 treatment, which slightly increased compared with the control, the other treatments gradually decreased and reached a significant level compared with the control.[Conclusion]As an edible cultivation in salinealkali land, it is suitable for mild saline alkali land with salt content of about 2.00 g/kg, and for component extraction and functional development and cultivation, soil salt content should not exceed 4.00 g/kg.

Key words Salt stress;Sedum aizoon L.;Growth index;Quality

養心菜(Sedum aizoon L.),学名费菜,为景天科景天属多年生草本宿根植物,在我国分布广泛,是一种食用、药用及园林兼用植物。养心菜茎叶富含铁、钙等矿质元素,营养价值丰富[1],可食用也可加工茶、饮料等[2-3]。植株含谷淄醇、类黄酮、槲皮素等多种药用物质[4-5],经常食用能有效治疗高血压和心脏病等心血管疾病[6],具有极高药用价值[7];由于其耐旱及耐寒性好,适应性强,是风沙治理及园林绿化的优选植物[8-9]。

一般情况下,盐胁迫会降低蔬菜的产量并影响其营养品质变化,但因种类、盐胁迫程度的不同,影响有所差异。硝酸盐作为蔬菜食用安全性的重要指标,叶果菜类等均有一定的安全限值。该研究表明,供试条件下养心菜植株中硝酸盐含量变幅在563.7~1 751.3 mg/kg之间,均在安全限值内,且随土壤盐分增加逐渐减小,这与姜娜娜等[25]对盐胁迫下盐芥硝酸盐的吸收研究结果基本一致,可能与盐分胁迫抑制了养心菜生长,从而影响了N素吸收有关。随着盐分增加,养心菜Vc含量呈现小幅升高后逐渐减小趋势,盐分越高,下降越明显,其中2.00 g/kg盐分处理Vc含量达到最高值(为29.13 mg/100 g),但与对照间差异不显著,与其他几个处理间差异均达显著水平,说明适度低盐胁迫有利于养心菜Vc形成,高盐影响养心菜的营养品质。综合分析看,养心菜作为盐碱地食用栽培,以含盐量2.00 g/kg的轻度盐碱地为宜;养心菜作为成分提取及功能性开发栽培,以土壤含盐量不超过4.00 g/kg为宜。

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