Arrangement and analysis of processing technology of Anguo traditional Chinese medicine:Taking Chinese patent medicine making process as an example

Yao Yang,Ying Chen,Meng-Yi Xie,Guo-Wei Zhang

College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Hebei University,Baoding,071002,China.

Abstract

Keywords: Anguo,Chinese patent medicine,Processing technology,Millennium medicine capital

Introduction

Anguo pharmaceutical industry rose in the Song and Yuan dynasties and reached its peak in the Ming and Qing dynasties.The development process of Anguo pharmaceutical city itself is a valuable cultural heritage.The formation of Anguo pharmaceutical city comes from Yaowang Temple Fair [1],and Yaowang is an Anguo celebrity Pitong [2].The time of the mayor of Anguo medicine is prosperous and prosperous,which forms the unique culture of Anguo pharmaceutical city.In the heyday of Anguo pharmaceutical industry,the pharmaceutical market was held once a year for 156 years from 1573 to 1729 during the reign of Ming Wanli,twice a year for 208 years from 1730 to 1937 (Japanese invasion of China),and 572 times in 364 years [3].The main business bodies of Anguo pharmaceutical city are the "thirteen gangs" and the "five conferences" established mainly by Anguo local personages; in order to maintain the order of Anguo pharmaceutical city,local celebrities in Anguo set up "Anke tang".Among the four major pharmaceutical capitals,the organization of Anguo pharmaceutical city service conference is the most perfect [4].In the course of thousands of years of development of Anguo Pharmaceutical City,a number of valuable processing techniques of traditional Chinese medicine have been born.

Anguo traditional Chinese medicine processing technology practitioners south assembly business,mostly for cutting technology,representative products are "Qizhou four unique"; traditional Chinese medicine processing and proprietary Chinese medicine practitioners are mainly north assembly merchants,collectively known as cooked medicine companies,most of the business time ranges from 300 to 400 years,representing the Diyu Huaijiao pills of the "Sanhuaitang" (established during the Ming Jiajing period).Most of the inherent laws of the inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine processing and processing technology are taught by word of mouth between teachers and apprentices.With the gradual death of experienced veteran pharmacists and the popularization of traditional Chinese medicine processing and processing mechanization technology,as a result,there is a serious fault and disconnection between Anguo traditional Chinese medicine processing and processing technology personnel.

At present,the research on Anguo pharmaceutical city is mostly focused on its historical formation and economic value,and there is no systematic arrangement of its traditional Chinese medicine processing and processing technology.In the early stage of this study,the finishing of the processing technology of Anguo traditional Chinese medicine represented by "Qizhou Sijue" has been completed [5].This time,the existing data are sorted out and investigated,the regional characteristic processing technology is summarized,and the variety resources of traditional Chinese medicine are analyzed.The purpose of this study is to provide reference for the inheritance and development of the processing technology of Anguo traditional Chinese medicine.

Processing Technology of Anguo traditional Chinese Medicine

The Song and Ming dynasties were the heyday of the processing of medicinal materials,which produced a lot of great works about the processing of medicinal materials,such asSyndrome Materia Medica,Good prescriptionand so on.In particular,the prescription masterpieceTaiping Huimin and Pharmaceutical Bureauuses a special chapter to discuss the processing technology and contains a lot of processing standards of traditional Chinese medicine.The Ming D ynasty paid more attention to the study of pharmacy,including not onlyCompendium of Materia Medica,but also works such asCompendium of Materia MedicaandMengquan of Materia Medica,which summarized the experience of processing and processing of medicinal materials,which provided a theoretical basis for the processing of medicinal materials and created favorable conditions.

Anguo also began from this period,with the formation of the distribution center of medicinal materials,the processing and processing industry of medicinal materials rose rapidly.Due to the long-term frequent exchanges of medicinal materials between the north and the south,personnel engaged in the pharmaceutical industry in Anguo have accumulated rich experience in planting and identification,and mastered skilled processing techniques [6].During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty,the processing and processing of traditional Chinese medicine developed to a new stage.In the market,"film shed" and "mature medicine shop" can be seen everywhere.Proprietary Chinese medicine is also developing rapidly,with more than 500 dosage forms,such as pills,powder,ointment,Dan,wine,dew,tincture,glue and so on.

At the end of Ming Dynasty,there were more than 10 proprietary Chinese medicine manufacturers,of which the more famous ones were Sanhuai Tang,Tiyan Tang,Ruisheng Tang and so on.Sanhuai Tang developed Diyu Huaijiao pills for the treatment of hemorrhoid leakage and hematochezia; Yonghe Tang used Dahuang as raw material and made Qingning pills with wonderful effect in the treatment of constipation in the elderly.Ruisheng Tang produces Yimucao ointment,Bauhua ointment,Wuji baifeng pills,Bazhen yimu pills,and processed slices for retail; Xiaoer huichui Dan,Tiger Bone Wine and Qi zhendan produced by Tiyantang sell well all over the country.Taihetang's dog skin ointment is effective in breaking ruffian and removing blood stasis,promoting blood circulation and relieving pain.Taifa Heng's Chuanbei Jing and Shiyitang's donkey skin Ejiao are the best-selling products all over the country.

Varieties of proprietary Chinese medicine

Before the founding of the people's Republic of China,Pharmaceutical formulations of Anguo Proprietary medicine industry mostly followed the prescriptions of ancient books,and some adopted unique ancestral secret recipes,which were made based on experience,master and apprentice or family heritage,and did not leak out.By 1990,Anguo had made great achievements in inheriting and developing traditional proprietary medicines.

The main varieties include,Honey pills are:Angong Niuhuang,Niuhuang Qingwei,Niuhuang Qingxin,Niuhuang Zhibao,Niuhuang Baolong,Suxiao Niuhuang,Renshen Zaizao,Shengui Zaizao,Renshen Guipi,Renshen Yangrong,Shensu Lifei,Qingwen Jiedu,Lingqiao Jiedu,Huoxiang Zhengqi,Tongxuan Lifei,Liuwei Dihuang,Jingui Shenqi,Buzhong Yiqi,Fuzi Lizhong,Yishen,Zhisou Qingguo,Nv jindan,Aifu Nuangong,Shiquan Dabu,Bazhen Yimu,Maren Zipi,Dashanzha,Qingxuan,Ermu ningsou,Juhonghuatan,Bozi Yangxin,Shugan Hewei,Soufeng Shunqi,Xiaoer Huichun,Hupo Baolong,Muxiang Shunqi,Huanglian Shangqing,Binlang Sixiao,Yueju Baohe,Chenxiang Huazhi,Xiangsha Yangwei,Qizhen Huaji,Wufu Huadu and so on.

The tablets are:Renshen Guipi,Renshen Yangrong,Tianwang Buxin,Yangxue Anshen,Yizhi Anshen,Bushen Qiangshen,Shujin Huoxue,Jianwei Zhitong,Xiongju Shangqing,Huanglian Shangqing,Niuhuang Shangqing,Niuhuang Jiedu,Lingyang Ganmao,Huoxiang Zhengqi,Qingwen Jiedu,Yinqiao Jiedu,Muxiang Shunqi,Shouwu,Ganfu,Fengwen,Xuejianchou,Qinghuo Zhuli,Zhixue,Dingchuan,Longdancao,Xiaohuoluo,etc [7].

Analysis of prescription sources of proprietary Chinese Medicine

Because the prescriptions are not spread out,and the prescriptions of many proprietary medicines are not clear,some traces can be found from the above proprietary medicines for analysis.It is mainly based on Beijing Tongrentang famous medicine [8] and Liu Deyi [9] compiled by Beijing Institute of traditional Chinese Medicine and Geriatric Health Research Institute,and supplemented by the new national proprietary Chinese medicine edited by Song Minxian [10].The reason is that both Tongrentang famous medicine and traditional Chinese medicine clearly write down the source of the prescription,either from a variety of ancient books,or according to experience,or empirical prescription.Details are shown in Table1.

It can be seen from the above table that many proprietary Chinese medicines are manufactured in accordance with theHarmony Bureau.According to theDrug Capital Chunqiu,most of the proprietary Chinese medicines and prepared slices are made in accordance with theHarmony Bureau prescription.To the Ming and Qing dynasties,Anguo people opened Sanhuai Tang,Ming Huai Tang,Tiyan Tang,Ruisheng Tang,Yonghe Tang,Yongchun Tang,Yonghui Tang and other hundreds of drugstores and workshops were sold and operated in accordance with the Pharmaceutical Bureau [11].Therefore,the processing technology used in the prescription can be used for reference.

Processing technology used in the production of proprietary Chinese medicine

During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty,the market of traditional Chinese medicine in Anguo became increasingly prosperous,and all kinds of pharmaceutical merchants gathered one after another to communicate widely on the processing and processing technology,and the local processing technology of Anguo was developed and improved.The processes used in the production of proprietary Chinese medicine are as follows:stir-frying includes net stir-frying,vinegar frying,wine frying,soil (hearth) frying,bran frying,sand frying,ginger frying,salt frying,etc.; calcined in water,calcinated,broiled,wine-fried,honey-fried,etc.Shuifei is divided into water flying pearl sand,pearls and so on,as well as cooking,coal,steaming and so on [11].

Its processing technology mainly follows the method of water,fire and water-fire co-preparation.Water system can be divided into stains,soaks and washings.water systems should pay attention to the water quality and texture of medicinal materials in the four seasons,high temperature and soft medicinal materials should be washed for a short time,low temperature and long washing time for hard medicinal materials.Fire system can be divided into calcining,stir-frying,moxibustion and cannon,Anguo medicinal materials are used to stir-fry more,frying yellow should be yellow but not coke,charcoal should be preserved,and there are the characteristics of frying every seed.A mixture of water and fire,if steamed,if boiled.Because of the homology of medicine and food,fire system and water-fire system are common to cooking.The functions of the above methods are different,some can make the texture soft and brittle,some can change the properties,and some can reduce toxicity.

Exquisite processing accessories,solid excipients include Zaoxintu,wheat bran,sand,clam powder,talc powder,alum,tofu,etc.,liquid excipients include wine,vinegar,children's stool,salt water,ginger juice,honey,rice swill,bile,lanolin and so on.The song formula of "sand hot cannon drum beating crisp,talcum hot system oil absorption dry" [11].A significant difference between the processing schools of the North and the South is the south bran and the north bran,while the Jianchang gang uses rice bran to stir-fry,simmer and calcined medicinal materials.At the same time,the grain bran is also used for clean separation,moistening,moisture absorption,sealing maintenance,etc.,while the mainstream uses wheat bran.In traditional Chinese medicine,it is believed that it can reduce the volatile oil content of medicinal materials and ease the medicinal properties.

Anguo traditional meat fruit processing method:take clean raw meat fruit,spray water to wet,such as flooding pill method,hang talcum powder 3muri 4 layers,about 3mm (1 point) thick,dry 70%.In addition,put an appropriate amount of clam powder (or talcum powder) in a stir-frying pot,heat and stir-fry over low heat,then simmer the meat fruit of talcum powder in hot clam powder until the skin is scorched yellow and have bursting aroma,take out,sift off clam powder,

Table1.Summary of prescription sources

Nvjin Dan Based on the benefit of Bazhen Decoction.Ming Dynasty,Han Maosheng's Jin Danfang None Xiaoer Huichun Dan None Puji prescription None Lingqiao Jiedu Pill Differentiation of febrile Diseases Empirical prescription None Shiquandabu Harmony Bureau Bazhen soup is flavored.Harmony Bureau Shiquan Dabu decoction None Bazhen Yimu None Jingyue Quanshu None Hugu wine Secret recipe of Qing Dynasty Hospital Pharmacopoeia None Yaoaitiao None Empirical prescription None

Discussion

The processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine is affected by the use of traditional Chinese medicine,history,region and other factors.Anguo,as the national distribution center of medicinal materials in a certain period,brings together authentic medicinal materials from most parts of the country,exquisite processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine,good quality and curative effect of traditional Chinese medicine and proprietary Chinese medicine.It can be seen from the above that although there are many kinds of Anguo traditional proprietary Chinese medicine,most of the prescriptions come from theHarmony Bureau,which is consistent with the literature records.From the production technology of proprietary Chinese medicine,we can see that the traditional processing technology of Anguo imitates Lei Gong,with complete preparation method and its own characteristics.for drug processing,it is based on the principle of "moderate mastery of all medicine processing,failure to achieve efficacy,and total loss of smell if too much".Take "repair no one to see,deliberately know" as the motto of self-discipline,adhere to the ancient processing,the pharmaceutical industry's reputation is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

Beijing gang originated in Beijing area and belongs to the medicine schools of Beijing and Tianjin.it inherits the processing technology and experience of traditional Chinese medicine in the two places,and is one of the mainstream processing schools in the country [12].The processing technology of Jingbang has distinct characteristics for the processing of nutmeg,first dipping it in water,then hanging talc powder,then wrapping it with a layer of flour,and then simmering with talc powder in the outermost layer,this method improves the production efficiency and enhances the effect of solidifying intestines and relieving diarrhea [13].The aforementioned Anguo regulation of meat and fruit is similar to this law.Jingbang is also good at using medicinal solutions to prepare medicinal materials,such as alum aqueous solution,Coptis chinensis decoction,licorice decoction and so on,in order to reduce or eliminate the toxic and side effects of medicinal materials [14-16].The processing method of Anguo medicine juice is more or less the same,including licorice alum raw ginger,bile alum,licorice black bean and so on.Affected by the regional relationship,Anguo area and the Beijing gang are rich in communication,and there are some similarities in the processing technology,which can be studied in depth.

The processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine is the summary and clinical experience of predecessors.Improving it according to the actual clinical needs can improve the production efficiency and ensure the clinical effect.The processing of traditional Chinese medicine,as the first batch of intangible cultural heritage in China [17,18],is the unique "precious wealth with the most independent intellectual property value" of the Chinese nation [19].The inheritance,development and protection of traditional Chinese medicine processing is particularly urgent.In the 1950s,China included processing technology in the category of secret technology [20].In recent years,the state has strongly supported the development of traditional Chinese medicine and organized and carried out local traditional Chinese medicine processing and inheritance projects.for example,the "Talent support Plan for the Construction of a strong Province of traditional Chinese Medicine in Hebei Province (2018-2030)" proposes to establish a traditional Chinese medicine processing inheritance base in Anguo [21],which is conducive to the inheritance of processing technology with local characteristics.Anguo,as a region characterized by traditional Chinese medicine culture,through the arrangement and analysis of its traditional processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine,it can provide a theoretical basis for improving the standardized process of industry production,improving product quality and clinical efficacy,and better inheriting and developing the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine.