Eighty Years of Tillage in Field of Medicine——In memory of Professor Chong-cheng Xue,the founder of TCM psychology

Jian Du,Hao Wang,Qiu-li Yang

Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,Beijing 100700,China

Abstract

Key words:TCM psychology; contributions

Introduction

Most of the faculty and staff of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences nerve forget an elder,who is always plainly dressed,shows modest attitude and high spirits.Even at advanced age of over 90,he is full of energy and persists on riding an out-of-fashion vintage bicycle to work.This is Professor Chong-cheng Xue,a venerable expert in field of acupuncture,moxibustion,meridian and neuropsychiatry in China,and the founder of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） psychology.

Professor Chong-cheng Xue （1919-2015） is a professor of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,an honorary principal investigator,and the recipient of Special Government Allowance from the State Council.Since being an apprentice to famous doctor Fu-zhou Pu in 1935,Professor Xue has worked in medical profession for 80 years until he died at age of 96 years old in 2015.Professor Xue addresses the issues in various fields,including acupuncture and moxibustion,meridian,integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine for neurology and neurosurgery,psychology,personality and constitution in TCM[1].Professor Xue has been rigorous in his work and makes great achievements.In summary,he has completely dedicated himself to the medical career he loves.In his later years,Professor Xue has condensed his academic thoughts into 40 words:obey,inherit and promote medical principles; know yourself and others,integrate and innovate; pay equal attention to both major and minor,both mind and body; primary prevention and secondary treatment,focus on disease deficiency;benevolent and righteous,self-esteem and self-respect.This is not only the academic achievement and work attitude of Professor Xue,also a true reflection of his humanness.

Master-Apprentice and Diligent Learning

In 1919,Professor Xue was born in a family of TCM practitioners in Zitong County,Sichuan Province,China.On March 15th of the lunar calendar in 1935,he was apprenticed to Fuzhou Pu,a famous doctor and also an old friend of his family.Master Pu favors him over his peers and his family of scholars has established a deep basis of his achievements in TCM.Subsequently Professor Xue was enrolled in Chengdu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine （presently known as Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine）,and graduated with a Bachelor degree in TCM in 1939.Subsequently he continued to learn western medicine in West China Union University in 1941,and received a Doctor of Medicine degree from West China University and also from the State University of New York,USA in 1948.At that time,the colleges/universities had a strict requirement on academic degree.Among more than 70 classmates,only 7 received a degree,including Professor Xue.

At the beginning of the last century,western medicine began to develop in China.Professor Xue has studied the course of western medicine assiduously in the university,and has painted more than 40 pages of neuroanatomical color atlases.At the same time,he visits ing with Pu Lao,following Pu Lao’s teaching of “the integration of Chinese and Western,the essentials are real”,and he is active Think about the interoperability of traditional Chinese medicine theory and Western medicine knowledge,continue to integrate existing Chinese and Western medicine knowledge,respect the sages without sticking to the scriptures,and learn Western medicine without forgetting the tradition.He combined acupuncture and meridian with neuroanatomy,and discovered the phenomenon of phantom limbs along the meridian in 1939,which also led him to follow the path of clinical and scientific research in acupuncture,meridian,nerve,and psychology.

After Professor Xue graduated from West China University,the current situation has changed.He has worked in Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medical College,Nanjing East China Psychiatric Hospital,Anti-US Aid Korea Battlefield Hospital,Central Ministry of Health Acupuncture Therapy Laboratory,Tianjin Medical College,Hebei Medical College,Guangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,China Departments of the Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences studied with Professor Zhao Yicheng,the founder of Chinese Neurosurgery in Tianjin,and worked with Zhu Lian,a famous Chinese acupuncturist and founder of the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences,in Nanning.These units have not only frontline clinical hospitals,but also universities and scientific research institutions;they not only use traditional Chinese medicine to help the world,but also perform neurosurgery craniotomy;they serve both central leaders and ordinary people.The rich experience has made Professor Xue deeply aware of the necessity and feasibility of integrating Chinese and Western medicine.In 1980,due to work needs,Professor Xue was transferred back to Beijing by the Organization Department to conduct clinical research on the acupuncture meridian and electroacupuncture treatment of mental illness at the Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion at the Chinese Academy of Chinese Medicine（now China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences）,and then transferred to the field of TCM psychology based on academic accumulation.

Intensive Research and Fruitful Achievements

Professor Xue Chong-cheng has worked diligently and rigorously in his medical career for nearly 80 years.He has made outstanding contributions to the development of acupuncture,meridian,neuropsychiatry,and traditional Chinese medicine psychology in China.His main academic thoughts and achievements are:the creation of China’s first personality and body mass scale,laying the foundation for the discipline of TCM psychology;discovering the transmission of phantom limbs through the meridian,and proposing the extension of the central model of meridian transmission; applying acupuncture,To enrich the nervous system sensory examination methods; in the clinical research of electroacupuncture treatment of psychosis,invented the method and treatment instrument for the treatment of psychosis with small electric acupuncture convulsions,and proposed the medical model of Chinese medicine as “time-spacesociety-psychology-biology Medical model[2]”.

Professor Xue has made outstanding achievements in the field of TCM psychology and is considered to be the main founder and founder of the discipline of TCM psychology in my country.In 1955,he published the earliest series of articles on the temperament theory of TCM in China-“TCM Yin and Yang Theory”,“Motherland Medicine and Pavlovian Doctrine”,“Theory of TCM Temperament”,etc[3].These are the earliest academic papers on the personality and physique theory of Chinese medicine in my country,and they are also the pioneering works of the Chinese medicine psychology department.In 1982,he created my country’s first personality and body mass scale and established a national norm.This is a landmark achievement of the Department of Chinese Psychology.Professor Xue was awarded the “Academic Contribution Award” at the 2006 International Conference on TCM Psychology.

Professor Xue has carried out a series of basic research on meridian and nervous system and clinical research on acupuncture and moxibustion.In the 1960s,he found two cases of congenital absence of limbs in a population of more than 5 million in Guangxi,and conducted a very systematic meridian observation on them,and observed the phenomenon of phantom limbs passing through the meridian.This research was later approved by the University of Zurich （2000） and Oxford University published （2006） professional books on brain science published.

On the basis of decades of painstaking research and clinical practice,Professor Xue constructed a systematic theory of meridian nerves,proposed that the meridian sensory transmission is closely related to the central nervous system,and did a series of studies.Therefore,he is regarded as the “central center of the national meridian research”.The academic leader of “On”.In clinical aspects,Professor Xue focuses on treating neurological and mental diseases and pain.He has developed an electroacupuncture treatment instrument,which combines the Governor Vessel and neuroanatomical positioning.In the “Baihui” and “Renzhong” points,only 3.6% of the traditional electric shock treatment power can produce the same effect[4].Side effects such as memory loss and vertebral fractures have dropped significantly.The editorial office of the American Journal of Psychiatry sent a letter to congratulate him,saying it is a dramatic improvement that has not been seen in more than 40 years.

When Professor Xue was in his 60s,he opened up a new field of research,created my country’s first personality scale “Five State Personality Test” （formerly known as“Five State Personality Test”）,and developed a national norm.China’s first independent and original personality scale is the first standardized work in the field of Chinese medicine and a landmark achievement of Chinese medicine psychology.In addition,with the funding of the Ministry of Science and Technology project,Professor Xue revised the original personality test,and at the same time compiled the “Five-Five Constitution Test”,body type,and questionnaire[5].After sample standardization,a survey was conducted in 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions nationwide,and the national.It analyzes the relationship between human personality and physique with norms such as gender,age,region,etc.This is the first research work on the relationship between form and spirit.

Great Doctor Serves the Country and the People

In 1950,when gunfire broke out to resist the US and Aid Korea,Professor Xue took the initiative to ask Ying to serve as the deputy captain of the fifth team of the Nanjing Volunteer Medical Corps to go to the frontline military hospital.Combining his professional advantages,he explored a set of effective methods to deal with the stressful mental and psychological problems of war,which is easy to promote and has obvious effects.For his excellent performance in treating the wounded in the battlefield hospital,he was awarded military service twice,including the second-class service once.

Professor Xue loves his motherland and has been invited to work abroad many times,but he resolutely quit the favorable job and settlement conditions abroad.After his eldest son studied in the United States,he could have stayed in the United States,but he urged him to return to work and build the country.As an ordinary citizen,Professor Xue has always cared about the great cause of the reunification of the motherland.In 2009,he integrated his letter to and from Taiwan to “Fulfill the Responsibility of the National Reunification”.The Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council deeply appreciates him.

Professor Xue has been in the clinic for many years.He has noble medical ethics and exquisite medical skills to save countless lives.He believes that whatever is beneficial to the patient,no matter what Chinese medicine or western medicine is appropriate,it can be used to eliminate illness and pain.To achieve this goal,only the combination of Chinese and Western medicine can be more comprehensive and save people.Career must not be left alone.He has been carrying out clinical work in neuropsychiatry under the guidelines of integrating Chinese and Western medicine,neurosurgery and neurosurgery.Not only can he use acupuncture and moxibustion prescriptions flexibly,he is more skilled in neuroanatomy and neurosurgery.In July 1972,he traveled to the countryside in Guangxi for medical treatment.When he went to Taoxu in Heng County,Guangxi,he met a 56-year-old woman who had suffered from trigeminal neuralgia for eight years.He was in pain because of no money to treat him.The patient has attempted suicide several times.Seeing this situation,Professor Xue decided to operate for him.However,the conditions of the local health center were very poor,and it was in the heat of the heat.With the support of the local commune leaders in charge of the operation without power failure during the operation,Professor Xue successfully completed the transtemporal trigeminal nerve sensory roototomy at the commune health center.The pain relieved after the operation,which caused a sensation in neighboring villages and towns.Follow-up in 1990,the patient was alive and the family was grateful.In May 1973,a farmer suffering from a brain tumor in the Hengxian County Hospital had no money to go to Nanning for medical treatment.He was in critical condition and required surgery.At that time,the hospital had neither shadowless lights nor conditions for performing a craniotomy and surgery.In order to save people,With the support of the local party committee,teaching detachment and the masses,Professor Xue made proper arrangements,performed a craniotomy,and removed 7×6×5 cubic centimeters of gliomas,weighing 280 grams,and the patients returned to work after the operation.They were followed up after half a year.The patient works in the field and can pick up 35 kilograms of weight.I am very grateful to Professor Xue.

An Elder and Noble Person

Professor Xue formally retired in 1992,but he continued to work until one month before his death in 2015.Even during his hospitalization,he asked to take the collection of manuscripts to the ward for review.After retiring,he was as energetic and energetic as before.At the age of 90,he still rode a bicycle from his home in Tuanjiehu to work in the Dongzhimen compound every day for twenty years,rain or shine.After being hospitalized for coronary heart disease in 2011,he mostly started working at home.By this time,Professor Xue had been a year old,but he was still quick-minded.He watched news broadcasts every day,read newspapers,and cared about major events at home and abroad and the development of Chinese medicine.He can also guide the scientific research work of the research group.In early 2015,he personally wrote articles on the research of Chinese medical constitution.Professor Xue suffered from cataracts in both eyes in his later years.The doctors considered his age and physical condition and did not recommend surgery.However,in order to be able to work,he insisted on performing the surgery.However,due to his advanced age and degraded vision,he could only use reading glasses and magnifying glasses.I often go to Professor Xue’s home,and I often see him working at his desk,looking up information,and looking attentive and moving.

In his later years,Professor Xue “retired” and did not“rest”.As always,he devoted all his efforts to his work.This enthusiasm stems from his sense of mission and responsibility for the development of Chinese medicine.For him,it is his greatest value to promote the development of Chinese medicine so that it can still stand in the world of medicine in today’s rapidly changing technology.

He Painlessly Lost His Individual Being

Professor Xue Chong-cheng died of illness in Beijing on April 23,2015 at the age of 96.The life of Professor Xue Chong-cheng is a life of diligence and academic research,a life of diligently striving for the cause of Chinese medicine,a life of fruitful clinical and scientific research results,and a life of painstaking and selfless dedication to cultivate talents.Professor Xue loves the country,Chinese culture,and the cause of traditional Chinese medicine.With this simple feeling and practical actions,he interprets what he often said,“The meaning of life is that the work you do can save valuable things for future generations”.

Professor Xue Chong-cheng has been upright,honest,upright,knowledgeable,and outstanding throughout his life; he works diligently,conscientiously,tirelessly,and dedicated his life to the cause of Chinese medicine.He is indifferent to fame and fortune,and has repeatedly declined the benefits of increasing wages and improving housing from leaders at all levels.He can keep his food,clothing,shelter and transportation simple,but keeps improving his work.He has repeatedly purchased advanced typewriters,printers,and computers at his own expense,just to provide convenient work.Until his death,Professor Xue’s home had the most professional books and work materials.

Looking back at Professor Xue’s life,what we have left us is not only rich academic achievements,but his lofty ideological realm,rigorous scientific research spirit,serious work attitude,and simple and fine work style are the precious spiritual wealth of our post-traditional Chinese medicine.His rich experience in studying classics,following famous teachers,studying in colleges,clinical experience,concentrating on research,and the integration of Chinese and Western medicine also pointed out a gradual and progressive path for Chinese medicine practitioners.