书面表达中“大题小做”的技巧点拨
2020-01-18张蕊
◆张蕊
高中英语的书面表达常常会涉及文化方面话题的写作,例如2019年的江苏高考试卷中的书面表达就要求考生根据迎接外宾这一具体的场合选择是否穿传统服饰并说明理由。这样的写作内容首先就要求考生对中国传统服饰的概念有所了解。就当前的形式看,汉服是人们比较愿意接受的公认的传统服装。如果学生想选择穿汉服出席欢迎仪式的话,就必须了解汉服的式样和其优点以便说明理由。从考生的写作内容看,很多人聪明地避开了选择汉服这一支持点,而写了校服,因为校服的好处大家熟悉啊。从写作技巧上就是选择了“大题小做”的策略。在“文化——服饰”这个大的背景下选择自己熟悉的、易于入手的切口,有话可说,更有时间搜寻合适的句型和高级词汇组织篇章,因此,想让自己的文章切题同时又不空洞无物,将大事化小,大题小做的策略是非常可行且必须掌握的。
我们就来看看具体文化话题文章中书面表达的第二段该如何入手吧。
第五部分:书面表达(满分25分)
请认真阅读下面有关图片及文字,并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。
Chinese actress Liu Yifei is set to star as the titular female warrior in Disne’s live-action adaptation of the classic Chinese epic, Mulan.The film will be set for a release in 2019.
The original animated version in 1998 earned $304.3 million worldwide as well as Golden Globe and Academy Award nominations.
A Hero Born, the first volume of famous Chinese martial arts novelist Jin Yong’s Legends of the Condor Heroes, was published in English for the first time.After years of hard work, the 400-page translation, priced at 14.99 pounds($20.8), finally hit bookstores.This latest translation project is the most ambitious with regard to Jin Yong’s works.
It’s been 14 years since customer services manager Anthony Gentles was inspired to cheer up the “blank faces” of passengers with wisdom from his favorite book, Tao TeChing (道德经).
Mr Gentles said offering up pearls of wisdom from ancient China was his way of trying to make people feel more welcome as they braved the Underground.
【写作内容】
1.用约30词概括上述信息的主要内容;
2.简要谈谈你对“中国元素影响世界”的感受;
3.你觉得我们怎样才能更好地进行文化输出?(不少于两点)
【写作要求】
1.写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;
2.作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;
3.不必写标题。
这篇书面表达第二段的要点是谈谈“感受”,所以整个第二段就要紧紧围绕“感受”这一点写,从下面的范文中同学们可以清楚地看到画线部分是对要点“感受”的很好诠释。从所给的文本中不难看到,中国的电影、著作和哲学思想这些元素正在进入世界各国观众和读者的视野。中国元素走向世界并对世界产生巨大影响,让更多国家的人认识中国、了解中国、欣赏中国、热爱中国,愿意和中国建立友好往来和经济互助,这一点令我们感到高兴。同时,中国传统的医药技术由于治疗效果良好,在世界各地广为流传并受到很多人的追捧,尤其是针灸术不仅缓解病人的疼痛,还能够强身健体,备受国外友人的信赖,非常值得国人骄傲。
在写作过程中,在说明感受要点之后,分析的是有这种感受的原因和影响,也就是说中国元素会给世界带来什么样的影响。从中国元素这个大概念中找到自己熟悉的具体的事物,再展开说,是非常可取的方法。下面就是范文的说明感受部分。
I am more than happy to see that our country has made great achievements which can influence the world so much.With our economy going from strength to strength, China has become a powerful nation and is playing an irreplaceable role in the world.For example, I feel proud that Chinese acupuncture which can ease patients’ pain vastly enjoys great popularity abroad and a growing number of foreigners favour Chinese furniture when decorating houses.
看看我们的学生是如何展示第二部分的感受的吧!
Student 1
I am very proud to see our country can serve as such an important role in the world.In the past few decades, our ancestors created much splendid culture including ancient idioms, classical books and amazing technologies.The wisdom it contains will be beneficial for all the world.For example, Chinese medicine can cure some serious diseases effectively which will never return.Now, more and more people are keen on Chinese medicine, which makes me feel very happy.
这篇习作模仿了范文的写法,紧扣要点,逐一展开,是一篇可以效仿的习作,尤其是基础较差的学生,不妨仿照范文或好的作品练习书面表达,仔细体会“小处着眼”的写法。
下面一篇书面表达也是关于文化话题的写作,一起看看如何将文化和节日连在一起吧。
你的作文应包含以下内容:
1.简要描述两幅图的内容;
2.概述对两幅图中不同做法的理解;
3.举例说明两幅图对你的启示。
我们先看范文的写法:
The phenomenon reflects declining effects of traditional Chinese festivals among young people.Although traditional Chinese festivals like the Dragon Boat Festival haven’t lost their vital position, they’re encountering neglect and embarrassment.Western festivals are gaining growing popularity in our society, posing a threat to traditional Chinese festivals.
这个段落的第一句话是主题句,说明了作者对漫画的理解:图中的现象反映的是中国的年轻人对传统节日的迷惑。接着的一句话是对这个主题句的深化,说明的是这种不了解带来的后果。也可以从分析原因的角度写,即:是什么原因导致年轻人不熟悉传统节日的。这样写为呼应第三段中的措施做好铺垫。本段的最后一句话是说西方节日在中国的流行程度已经超越了传统的节日。同样也可以分析原因,和下文第三段呼应。
我们看看学生习作中对两幅图做法的理解吧:
From the phenomenon above, we know that young people are losing their interest in traditional festivals, preferring Western festivals.They neither understand the origin of the festival nor want to know the way to observe it.However, their interest in Western festivals is growing continuously, which indicates a growing tendency that many Chinese people comprehend and celebrate Western festivals enthusiastically.
这篇习作有着和范文同工异曲的作用。使用过渡词However强调年轻人对洋节日的热衷,对传统节日的忽视,并分别使用支撑句对这个观点进一步说明,是一段很好的“主题段落”。
总之,当我们的写作遇到大而空洞的话题时,要学会避免空洞无物的说明,而是要针对具体事物展开,不仅有话可说,还能生动具体,切中要点。