两种方法在上前牙缺损修复中的临床美学效果分析
2019-10-16纪晓霞李华黄姿凤
纪晓霞 李华 黄姿凤
[摘要]目的:探究玻璃纖维桩氧化锆全瓷冠与金属桩钴铬烤瓷冠修复上前牙缺损的临床及美学效果。方法:选择2016年1月-2018年1月笔者医院口腔科收治的上前牙缺损患者110例(共134颗患牙)作为研究对象,根据随机数字法将患者分为两组。观察组:55例,采用玻璃纤维桩氧化锆全瓷冠修复上前牙缺损;对照组:55例,采用金属桩钴铬烤瓷冠修复上前牙缺损,并进行12个月的随访,比较两组的修复成功率、满意率、修复前后的牙体缺损处的菌斑指数、牙龈指数、龈沟液及龈沟液中酸性磷酸酶水平。结果:观察组的修复成功率为98.18%,与对照组的94.55%相比较,无显著性差异(P>0.05)。观察组的修复满意率98.18%,明显高于对照组的85.45%(P<0.05);两组修复后12个月的PLI无显著性差异(P>0.05),观察组修复后12个月的GI明显小于对照组(P<0.05);观察组修复后12个月的GCF、ALP水平与修复前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),对照组修复后12个月的GCF、ALP水平明显高于修复前(P<0.05),观察组修复后12个月的GCF、ALP水平明显小于对照组(P<0.05)。 结论:玻璃纤维桩氧化锆全瓷冠修复上前牙缺损,修复成功率高,对牙周组织损伤小,生物相容性佳,美学修复效果好,临床满意度更高。
[关键词]玻璃纤维桩;氧化锆全瓷冠;金属桩;钴铬烤瓷冠;牙体缺损;修复
[中图分类号]R783.4 [文献标志码]A [文章编号]1008-6455(2019)10-0131-03
Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical effect and aesthetic effect of zirconia all-ceramic crown with glass fiber post and cobalt-chromium porcelain crown for repairing upper anterior teeth defect. Methods 110 patients with upper front teeth defects (134 teeth) from January 2016 to January 2018 were selected as subjects. According to the random number method, the patients were divided into observation group 55 cases and control group 55. For example, the anterior teeth defect was repaired with glass fiber post zirconia all-ceramic crown and metal post cobalt-chromium porcelain crown, and 12 months follow-up was performed. The repair success rate, satisfaction rate and tooth body before and after repair were compared between the two groups. Plaque index, gingival index, gingival crevicular fluid and phosphatase levels in the gingival crevicular fluid at the defect. Results The success rate of repair in the observation group was 98.18% compared with 94.55% in the control group, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The repair satisfaction rate of the observation group was 98.18%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (85.45%) (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in PLI between the two groups at 12 months after repair (P>0.05). The GI of the observation group at 12 months after repair was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The levels of GCF and ALP in the observation group were not significantly different from those before the repair (P>0.05). The levels of GCF and ALP in the control group were significantly higher than those before the repair (P<0.05). The levels of GCF and ALP in the 12 months after repair were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion The zirconia all-ceramic crown of glass fiber post repairs the anterior teeth defect, the repair success rate is high, the damage to periodontal tissue is small,the biocompatibility is good,the aesthetic restoration effect is good, and the clinical satisfaction is higher.
Key words: glass fiber pile; zirconia all-ceramic crown; metal pile; cobalt-chromium porcelain crown; tooth defect; repair
牙体缺损不仅影响患者的正常咀嚼功能,还影响美容美观。近年来,随着生活水平的提高,人们对口腔的审美逐步提升,使口腔修复学迅速发展。全瓷修复的生物相容性好、形态逼真、色彩真实,在前牙修复中广泛[1-2]。全瓷修复的材料多种,包括氧化锆、白榴石及锂基瓷等,其中氧化锆机械性能好,对牙周组织刺激小,是理想的上前牙修复体[3-4]。本研究特选取了笔者医院口腔科收治的上前牙缺损患者110例(患牙134颗)作为研究对象,探究玻璃纖维桩氧化锆全瓷冠与金属桩钴铬烤瓷冠修复上前牙缺损的修复及美学效果,现将结果报道如下。
1 资料和方法
1.1 一般资料:选择2016年1月-2018年1月笔者医院口腔科收治的上前牙缺损患者110例(患牙134颗)作为研究对象。根据随机数字法,将患者分为两组。观察组:55例,其中男31例,女24例,年龄19~38岁,平均年龄(27.3±2.6)岁,患牙69颗;对照组:55例,男30例,女25例,年龄18~39岁,平均年龄(27.5±2.4)岁,患牙65颗。两组患者的性别、年龄、患牙数等一般资料比较,无显著性差异,具有可比性(P>0.05)。本研究获得医院伦理委员会同意,所有患者及家属均自愿参加本研究并签署知情同意书。
1.2 纳入和排除标准:纳入标准:上前牙牙体缺损;咬合关系正常、患牙未松动,经完善根管治疗,根管无欠缺,X线片检查患牙牙根无根折、根尖周无进行性炎症。排除标准:牙体缺损超过1/2,或累及龈下,患有急性牙周病、骨质疏松症、糖尿病患者或龋齿严重者。
1.3 治疗方法:观察组:采用玻璃纤维桩氧化锆全瓷冠修复。行桩道准备,腐蚀牙本质,保留5mm根尖封闭区。先将玻璃纤维桩置入根管,试桩后取出消毒、吹干。将玻璃离子水门汀粘接剂注入根管,插入玻璃纤维桩,进行光固化。备牙前先采用Vita16色比色板比色,使用硅胶取模,利用计算机软件辅助设计、制作全瓷冠。全瓷冠先让患者试戴,调整合适后酸蚀修复体表面组织,冲洗、吹干,调整咬合关系,使用粘接剂粘固后,抛光处理;对照组:采用金属桩钴铬烤瓷冠修复。排尽根充材料,尽量保存健康牙体组织,根据X线片的患牙检查结果,扩展根管至修复所需宽度和深度,硅橡胶取模,制作钴铬桩核,试戴合适后,消毒并吹干根管和铸造桩核,将玻璃离子水门汀粘接剂注入根管,准确戴入铸造桩核,消毒、粘接。两组均由同一组医生完成修复过程,修复后均行12个月随访。
1.4 疗效评价
1.4.1 修复成功的标准:包括修复体完整性、边缘密合性、牙齿形态、牙龈情况、牙齿颜色及边缘着色等方面,见表1。
1.4.2 患者的满意度评价:患者对修复的满意情况采用自制的满意度自评量表,主要对牙齿的颜色、外观及形态等指标进行评价,总分为100分。满意:评分≥80分;基本满意:评分60~79分;不满意:评分<60分。满意率=(满意+基本满意)例数/总例数×100%。
1.4.3 牙体缺损牙周情况评价:分别检测两组修复前、修复后12个月的菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI)和牙龈指数(gingival index,GI),采用Silness和Loe的计分标准[5-6]。PLI评价标准:0级:龈缘区无菌斑;1级:龈缘区存在薄菌斑,视诊不可见,但探针尖侧面可刮出;2级:龈缘区或邻面可见中等量菌斑;3级:龈缘区、龈沟内或邻面可见大量软垢。GI评价标准:0级:修复后,牙龈恢复正常;1级:修复后,牙龈稍有炎症;2级:修复后,牙龈存在出血现象,炎症状态明显;3级:修复后,牙龈存在自发性出血征兆,炎症程度严重。
分别采集两组修复前、修复后12个月的局部龈沟液,检测龈沟液(Gingival crevicular fluid,GCF)量及酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase,ALP)水平。
1.5 统计学分析:采用SPSS 22.0统计学软件进行数据分析,正态计量数据用“x?±s”表示,计数资料采用例数或百分比表示,两组独立、正态、方差齐资料组间比较采用t检验,样本率的比较采用卡方检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组的修复成功率比较:观察组修复失败1例、成功54例,修复成功率98.18%;对照组修复失败3例、成功52例,修复成功率94.55%。观察组的修复成功率98.18%,与对照组的94.55%比较,无显著性差异(χ2=0.259,P>0.05)。
2.2 两组的修复满意情况比较:观察组的修复满意率98.18%,明显高于对照组的85.45%(P<0.05),见表2。
2.3 两组患者修复前后前牙牙体缺损牙周情况评价:两组修复前的PLI和GI无显著性差异(P>0.05),修复后12个月的PLI无显著性差异(P>0.05),观察组修复后12个月的GI明显小于对照组,两组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),见表3。
2.4 两组修复前后的GCF、ALP水平比较:两组修复前的GCF、ALP水平无显著性差异(P>0.05)。观察组修复前后的GCF、ALP水平比较无显著性差异(P>0.05),对照组修复后12个月的GCF、ALP水平明显高于修复前(P<0.05),观察组修复后12个月的GCF、ALP水平明显小于对照组(P<0.05),见表4。
3 讨论
前牙牙体缺损可能由炎症、外伤、龋病及先天性牙胚缺失等因素导致,不仅影响患者的正常咀嚼功能,还影响美观度[7]。前牙缺损主要采用修复桩核冠的方法,桩核材料种类较多,理想的桩核材料需满足价格经济、强度高、透光性好、耐腐蚀及美观度高等特点[8-9]。金属桩钴铬烤瓷冠修复是常用的前牙缺损修复体,特点为价格低廉、形态逼真,但由其存在金属基底,需借助遮色瓷遮盖,导致散光度不同而影响美观度,且金属桩核通透性差,可能导致患牙牙周组织发炎[10-11]。
[11]廖树芬.玻璃纤维桩与铸造金属桩作用于牙体缺损修复疗效的对比研究[J].牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志,2017,27(12):725-727.
[12]Dogan DO,Gorler O,Mutaf B,et al.Fracture resistance of molar crowns fabricated with monolithic all-ceramic cad/cam materials cemented on titanium abutments: an in vitro study[J].J Prosthodont,2017,26(4):309-314.
[13]Kelvin Khng KY,Ettinger RL,Armstrong SR,et al.In vitro evaluation of the marginal integrity of CAD/CAM interim crowns[J].J Prosthet Dent,2016,115(5):617-623.
[14]朱红玲,耿文韬,谢金芳,等.CAD/CAM修复体修复老年人后牙缺损的临床效果评价[J].吉林大学学报(医学版),2018,44(1):157-161.
[15]Song TJ,Kwon TK,Yang JH,et al. \Marginal fit of anterior 3-unit fixed partial zirconia restorations using different CAD/CAM systems[J]. J Adv Prosthodont,2013,5(3):219-225.
[16]牛慧娟.铸造金属桩与纤维桩修复牙体缺损的对比研究[J].宁夏医科大学学报,2018,40(6):685-688.
[17]Wandscher VF,Bergoli CD,Limberger IF,et al.Fractographical analysis and biomechanical considerations of a tooth restored with intracanal fiber post: report of the fracture and importance of the fiber arrangements[J].Oper Dent,2016,41(5):E149.
[18]Manju M,Shanthraj SL,Savitha KC,et al.Esthetic and biologic mode of reattaching incisor fracture fragment utilizing glass fiber post[J].J Nat Sci Biol Med,2015,6(2):446-448.
[19]孔德讓.玻璃纤维桩和铸造金属桩修复牙体缺损的效果对比[J].中国组织工程研究,2015,19(16):2540-2544.
[20]Jayasenthil A,Solomon-Sathish E,Venkatalakshmi-Aparna P,et al. Fracture resistance of tooth restored with four glass fiber post systems of varying surface geometries-An in vitro study[J].J Clin Exp Dent, 2016,8(1):44-48.
[收稿日期]2019-01-17
本文引用格式:纪晓霞,李华,黄姿凤.两种方法在上前牙缺损修复中的美容效果临床分析[J].中国美容医学,2019,28(10):131-134.