临床药师参与1例氟康唑致他克莫司血药浓度升高患者管理的药学监护
2019-09-24张璠璠李华茵蔡映云吕迁洲叶晓芬
张璠璠 李华茵 蔡映云 吕迁洲 叶晓芬
摘 要 1例52岁的肾移植术后男性患者因“肺隐球菌病”入住呼吸科病房。患者长期服用他克莫司、吗替麦考酚酯和甲泼尼龙抗排异治疗。在对患者给予氟康唑抗真菌治疗时发现,其他克莫司血药浓度明显升高。对此,临床药师提议,由于联用他克莫司和氟康唑治疗会使他克莫司血药浓度升高,故需调整他克莫司治疗的剂量方案并监测他克莫司血药谷浓度,而氟康唑治疗的剂量方案不应调整。提议获采纳后,患者的他克莫司血药谷浓度和真菌感染均得到良好的控制。
关键词 他克莫司 氟康唑 药物相互作用
中图分类号:R979.5; R969.2 文献标志码:C 文章编号:1006-1533(2019)15-0082-03
Medical monitoring of the participation of clinical pharmacists in a patient with the increased blood concentration of tacrolimus caused by fluconazole
ZHANG Fanfan1, 2*, LI Huayin3, CAI Yingyun4, LYU Qianzhou4, YE Xiaofen4**
(1. Department of Pharmacy, the Central Hospital of Luohe City, Henan Luohe 462000, China; 2. the Clinical Pharmacist Training Base, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; 3. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; 4. Pharmaceutical Preparation Section, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China)
ABSTRACT A 52-year-old man with kidney transplantation was hospitalized in the respiratory ward due to “pulmonary cryptococcosis”. The patient was treated with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and methylprednisolone for anti-rejection therapy. When antifungal treatment with fluconazole was given to the patient, it was found that the blood concentration of tacrolimus was significantly increased. Clinical pharmacists proposed that the dosage regimen for tacrolimus treatment should be adjusted and tacrolimus blood concentration should be monitored while the dose regimen for fluconazole treatment should not be adjusted because the combination of tacrolimus and fluconazole would increase the blood concentration of tacrolimus. This recommendation was accepted by clinicians and the valley concentration of tacrolimus and fungal infection were well controlled.
KEy WORDS tacrolimus; fluconazole; drug interaction
腎移植术后需使用免疫抑制剂抗排异治疗,但免疫抑制治疗会降低患者的免疫功能,使之容易继发感染。肾移植术后患者的感染发病率为正常人的2倍,最常见的是肺部感染,其中合并真菌感染的约占20%。他克莫司是目前临床上器官移植术后抗排异治疗的一线用药,主要经肝脏CYP3A4和CYP3A5代谢,治疗窗窄,个体差异大,血药浓度易受患者的生理和病理状态、饮食、合并用药等多种因素的影响[1],使用时须监测血药浓度。三唑类抗真菌药物是抗真菌治疗的一线用药,如氟康唑、伊曲康唑和伏立康唑等,它们会抑制细胞色素P450酶系,从而升高他克莫司的血药浓度,导致不良反应增加。本文通过分析1例肾移植术后患者在使用氟康唑抗真菌感染治疗过程中对他克莫司血药浓度的影响,研究两药的相互作用情况,希望能为此类患者的药物治疗及药学监护提供参考。
1 病例简况
一患者,男性,52岁,身高168 cm,体重62 kg。肾移植术后22个月,长期服用他克莫司、吗替麦考酚酯和甲泼尼龙抗排异治疗,他克莫司的血药谷浓度被维持在目标范围内并控制平稳。目前用药方案为他克莫司1 mg qd、吗替麦考酚酯500 mg qd和甲泼尼龙4 mg qd。
2个月前,常规随访胸部CT检查提示,患者右肺上叶和左肺下叶小结节。经验性给予口服莫西沙星治疗,却见患者右肺上叶病灶反而较前增大、卫星灶增多,左肺下叶病灶则与前相仿。遂行CT导引下的右上肺结节穿刺活检,病理学检查结果发现,肉芽肿性病变、大量组织细胞内折光小球结构且六胺银、糖原染色均呈阳性,符合隐球菌感染伴大片凝固性坏死,诊断为肺隐球菌病。给予口服氟康唑400 mg qd治疗,但患者4 d后自行停药。停药2 d后,为对患者进行进一步诊治,收入病房。