剧院建筑

编译：季嘉葵

英国剧场技师协会(Association of British Theatre Technicians，简称 ABTT，成立于1961年)于1972年制作了第一部剧院设计和规划指南。在1986年修订后，成为任何涉及剧院建筑、装修或者创造一个表现空间的标准参考。2010年由该组织出版、朱迪思·斯特朗（Judith Strong）编辑的《剧院建筑设计指南》（Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide）一书，是其继承者。

这本书使读者了解了剧院的规划和设计的全过程。它在建筑物的每一个区域都有详细的注解，包括房子前面、礼堂、后台和行政办公区域。它聚焦于一些具体的指导，比如音响、舞台工程、灯光、声音和视频，礼堂和舞台的尺寸等等。餐饮、会议和教育使用等方面也包括在内。书中涵盖了28座剧院的案例，《歌剧》杂志将编译其中精彩的个案，与业界共同分享。

剧院建筑设计指南之特拉法加工作室

Trafalgar Studios from Theatre Buildings: A Design Guide

英国伦敦

London, UK

在英国伦敦白厅街20世纪30年代的旧有剧院中（列为二级），以低成本创建了两个工作室剧院，既为历史悠久的剧院建筑提供了新的生命，也为伦敦市中心提供了新的演出场地。尽管原先的剧院因其内饰装修的艺术风格及质量备受认同，但其发展因规模过小（仅有650个座位，且舞台深度有限）和位于伦敦特拉法加广场“错误一侧”的位置而受到阻碍，无法在西区剧院商业模式的竞争中获得成功，最终于2003年关闭。

Two studio theatres have been created at low cost within the former 1930s Whitehall Theatre (listed

概 要

剧院类型和运营形式

购买的剧场，由大使剧院集团拥有和经营。

地址和网站

威斯敏斯特，英国伦敦。

www.trafalgar-studios.co.uk

建造年代

原剧院建于1930年。2004年至2005年改建为设有两个工作室的剧场。

观众席

两个观众厅，较大的有380座，较小的有100座。

舞台

第一工作室：原舞台为10米×5米；舞台前台口为3.5米×7米；第二工作室：4米×6米。

建筑师

爱德华·A.斯通（1930年）。蒂姆·福斯特建筑师事务所，以及杰奎斯·缪尔合作事务所，英国伦敦（2004年至2005年）。

剧院（设计和技术）顾问

蒂姆·福斯特建筑师事务所（设计）；霍华德·伊顿照明有限公司（第一工作室电气）；白光有限公司（第二工作室电气）。

声学顾问

保罗·吉列伦声学设计公司，英国伦敦。

造价

2004年至2005年的改建费为80万英镑。Grade II), providing a new lease of life for a historic theatre building and new style of venue for central London. Though recognized for the quality of its art deco interior, the original theatre was hampered both by its size (seating just 650 with restricted stage depth) and by its position on the ‘wrong side’ of London’s Trafalgar Square. It finally closed in 2003 having proved unable to compete successfully within the West End commercial theatre market.

左：第二工作室 上：第一工作室

该建筑于次年初重新开放。剧院改名为“特拉法加工作室”，设有两个工作室剧场：一个较大的空间可容纳380座，稍小的空间设有100座。稍大的剧场旨在创建一个开放式的可变舞台，为皇家莎

Summary

Theatre type and operational format

Receiving theatre, owned and operated by the Ambassadors Theatre Group.

Location and web reference

Westminster, London, UK.

www.trafalgar-studios.co.uk

Building dates

Original theatre built in 1930. Converted to provide two studio spaces in 2004 to 2005.

Auditorium

Two auditoria, the larger seating 380 and the smaller seating 100.

Stages

Studio 1: Original stage: 10m × 5m. Apron stage forward of proscenium: 3.5m × 7m.Studio 2: 4m × 6m.

Architect

Edward A. Stone (1930). Tim Foster Architects, London, UK, and Jaques Muir and Partners, London, UK (2004 to 2005).

Theatre (design and technical) consultants

Tim Foster Architects (design); Howard Eaton Lighting Ltd (Studio 1 - electrical); White Light Ltd (Studio 2 - electrical).

Acoustic consultants

Paul Gillieron Acoustic Design, London, UK.

Building cost

2004 to 2005 conversion £0.8 million.士比亚剧团和新维克剧院等公司制作的类似露天舞台的创作，提供一个位于伦敦中心的展示地。这类制作通常没能在西区的传统剧院成功上演。

The building reopened early the following year.Renamed ‘Trafalgar Studios’, the theatre now houses two studio spaces: a larger space seating 380 and a small space seating 100. The larger space was designed to create an open stage transfer theatre providing a much-needed central London showcase for visiting work created in similar open stage venues by organizations such as the Royal Shakespeare Company and the Young Vic. Such work does not transfer successfully to conventional West End proscenium theatres.

为了创建更大的室内空间，剧场原有的圆形前部被移除，倾斜的圆形裙摆层向前延伸了四排，以连接在原始舞台前方凸起的新舞台。前台的出入口由观众和演员共享，前排观众席与舞台处于同一水平上。座椅主要是固定的，但在新的舞台台口处有一定的灵活性。原有的后排座位位于圆形舞台的下方，已成为第二工作室，这是一个三面设有座位的小型工作室。

To create the larger studio, the original circle front was removed and the steeply raked dress circle tier extended forward by four rows to meet a new raised stage, projecting in front of the original proscenium. A single downstage vomitory entrance is shared by audience and actors and the front row of seats is at the same level as the stage. The seatingis mainly fixed but with some flexibility around the new apron stage. The original rear stalls, below the circle, has become Studio 2, a small-scale studio with seating on three sides.

旧时的白厅街剧院现改建为特拉法加工作室

政府在对所列建筑物所做的任何改动都是可逆的基础上，批准了改建规划，并采用了轻量级的施工方法，具有快速施工的附加优势。新建筑保留了观众席内的所有原始装饰，但覆盖了整个观众席，以增强工作室的氛围。

Planning consent was given on the basis that any alterations which were made to the listed building were reversible, so a lightweight method of construction was used which had the added advantage of being quick to build. All original decoration within the auditorium was retained but covered over to enhance the studio atmosphere.