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Dorothea Lange 纪实摄影师多罗西娅·兰格

2019-09-10八宝

疯狂英语·初中版 2019年4期
关键词:古根海姆纪实世界

八宝

拍照已成為我们日常生活中习以为常的事情,我们用照片记录我们的生活,我们也可以通过照片了解其他人的生活。我们对摄影师这个职业不陌生,但你有了解过纪实摄影师吗?他们常常通过照片,让我们知道别的国家或我们自己的后院发生了什么事情。纪实摄影师多罗西娅.兰格曾说过:“照相机是一个教具,教给人们在没有相机时如何看世界。”她则因为拍摄了《移居的母亲》而广为人知。

Dorothea Lange was born.on May 26, 1895, inNew Jersey.She was 1)crippled by 2)polio at age seven, and at age twelve, her father abandoned her and her family.It formed me, guided me, instructed me, helped me and 3)humiliated me, " Lange once said of her altered gait, "l've never gotten over it, and 1am aware of the force and power of it."

From 1917 to1919, Lange started out as an independent 4)photographer, and she had led a successful career as a 5)portrait photographer in San Francisco throughout the 1920s.However, with the onset of the Great Depression, Lange began to photograph life outside her studio.Her photographs of the homeless led to her getting a job in Resettlement Administration, one of the new government agencies established to help those in need.

From 1935 to 1940, Lange's photographs made the country aware of those who were suffering most during the Depression, especially families of migrant farm workers who sought work in California after losing their own farms in states such as Oklahoma and Arkansas.

In early March, 1936, Dorothea Lange drove past a sign reading "PEA-PICKERS CAMP" in Nipomo, California.Twenty miles down the road, Lange reconsidered and turned back to the camp, where she 6)encountered a mother and her children."1 saw and 7)approached the hungry and desperate mother, as if drawn by a magnet, " she later recalled."She said that they had been living on frozen vegetables from the surrounding field and birds that the children killed." Lange took several exposures of the woman, 32-year-old FlorenceOwens Thompson, with her children.One of these exposures, with its tight focus on Thompson's face, transformed her into a Madonna-like figure and became an icon of the Great Depression and one of the most famous photographs in history.

This image was first exhibited at The Museum of Modern Art.in.1940, titled, Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California.

In 1941, Lange was awarded a GuggenheimFellowship for achievement in photography.Lange’s commitment to social 8)justice and her faith in the power of photography remained constant throughout her life.Lange died of esophageal cancer on October 11, 1965, in San Francisco, California, at age 70.

"That the familiar world is often unsatisfactory cannot be 9)denied, but it is not, for all that, one that we need abandon.We need not be 10)seduced into evasion of it anymore than we need be appalled by it into silence.Bad as it is, the world is potentially full of good photographs.But to be good, photographs have to be full of the world." Lange said.

词组加油站

be aware of

意识到

start out

着手进行

turn back to

重新提到,翻回

1)cripple['kripl]vt.使残废

2)polio[pauliau]n.小儿麻痹症

3)humiliate[hju':'mliert]vt.羞辱

4)photographer[fa'tografa(r)]n.摄影师

5)portrait[po:tret]n.肖像,描写

6)encounter[n'kaunta(r)]vt.遭遇,邂逅

7)approach[e'preotJn.方法,接近

8)justice['dzastis]n.正义

9)denied[dI'naiad]v.拒绝

10)seduce[si'dju:s]vt.引诱

多罗西娅·兰格1895年5月26日出生于新泽西州。她七岁时因患小儿麻痹症瘸了腿,十二岁时父亲抛弃了她和她的家人。兰格曾谈起过她变形的步态:“这个遭遇指引、指导、成就、帮助但同时也羞辱了我,我从来没有放弃改变我走路的姿势,因为我能感觉到腿部的力量。”

从1917年到1919年,兰格开始成为一个独立的摄影师。1920年后,她慢慢地在旧金山以一名肖像摄影师的身份站稳了脚跟。但是,由于经济大萧条时期的开始,兰格把她的相机镜头转向了工作室之外的世界。她帮无家可归者拍摄的照片使她在联邦迁居署得到了一份工作,这个政府新设立机构的主要工作是帮助那些需要帮助的人。

从1935年至1940年,兰格的照片使这个国家注意到那些在经济大萧条期间承受了最多苦难的百姓,尤其是那些因为失去自己在如奥克拉荷马州或阿肯色州等州的庄园,而不得已流浪到加州寻找工作的农村家庭。

1936年3月初,多罗西娅·兰格开车经过加利福尼亚尼波莫的一个路标,上面写着“豌豆采摘者营地”。沿着这条路走了二十英里后,兰格重新考虑了一下,又回到营地,在那里她遇到了一位母亲和她的孩子们。她后来回忆说:“这个饥饿的母亲,如同磁铁般的吸引我过去。”“她说她们平时靠食用周围田野间冷冻的蔬菜和孩子们杀死的鸟为生。”兰格对32岁的弗洛伦斯·欧文斯·汤普森和她的孩子们进行了拍摄。其中一张照片紧紧地聚焦在汤普森的脸上,把她变成了一个麦当娜式的人物,成为大萧条的象征和历史上最著名的照片之一。

这张照片于1940年首次在现代艺术博物馆展出,名为《移居的母亲》。

1941年,兰格因摄影成就获得古根海姆奖。兰格一生始终保持对社会公平的追求和对摄影力量的信仰。她于1965年10月11日在加利福尼亚旧金山因食道癌逝世,享年70岁。

兰格说:“不可否认世界往往不尽如人意,但尽管如此,我们需要抛弃的并不是这个世界。我们不需要被诱惑去逃避它,就像我们不需要被它吓得沉默不语一样。不管这个世界有多糟糕,它也有可能充满了好照片。但要想拍得好,照片必须充满世界。”

1.for all that是“尽管如此”的意思。

For all that you say, I still like him.

盡管你说了这么多,我还是喜欢他。

For all that, we finished the task in time.

尽管如此,我们及时完成了任务。

2.not…any more than的意思等同no more than,表示“不过,仅仅;同……一样不”。I could not do that any more than you.

你不能做这件事,我也不能做。

He does not wish to provoke them any more than necessary.

他不到万不得已时是不想冒犯他们的。

古根海姆奖:古根海姆奖由美国国会议员西蒙·古根海姆及妻子于1925年设立的古根海姆基金会颁发。该基金会每年为世界各地的杰出学者、艺术工作者等提供奖金以支持他们继续在各自领域的发展和探索,涵盖自然科学、人文科学、社会科学和创造性艺术领域,不受年龄、国籍、肤色和种族的限制。每年都有超过百人获得该奖金的赞助。不少诺贝尔奖、普利策奖的获得者都曾经获得过该奖的赞助。

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