带动就业 共赢的另—种方式

雷怡安

2018西安丝绸之路国际旅游博览会上，丹麦客人对当地特产羌绣爱不释手

2018年T2月27日，国务院国资委、中国社科院发布首本《中央企业海外社会责任蓝皮书（2018）》。蓝皮书清晰地反映出，截至2018年，中央企业在“一带一路”沿线国家共雇佣当地员工36万余人。96%的中央企业海外机构已建立平等的中外雇员雇佣制度，76%的中央企业建立了培养与晋升的平等雇佣制度，75%的中央企业还建立了薪酬与福利设置中的平等雇佣制度。

走出国门，走进“一带一路”沿线国家建立工业园区，几乎成了中国企业抱团出海的最佳方式，而海外工业园区的建立，也着实为当地企业发展和海外员工就业提供了巨大的帮助。

对于到泰国来投资的中国企业来讲，泰国泰中罗勇工业园是他们的不二选择。从2005年中国企业华立集团联合泰国企业安美德集团筹建工业园至今，14年的时光让工业园跻身海外工业园的佼佼者，成为了当地经济发展的重要一脉。

国家经济发展不是一个虚拟的经济模式，他的每一步增长都牵扯着生活在这片土地上每一位国民的生活质量。来自德晋昌工厂的25岁泰国女工阿依努正是国家经济发展变化的见证人和受益者。

阿依努是一名地地道道的泰国清迈人，在老家的时候一直干农活。一个偶然的机会，她得知泰中罗勇工业园里的德晋昌工厂在招工，早就想跳出“农门”的阿依努勇敢地作出了选择，来到了离家千里的曼谷开始了新的生活。女工、翻译员……阿依努在这里做过许多不同的工种，每一次的变化都让她有一个巨大的进步。如今凭借着自己的努力，年纪轻轻的她已成为了工厂的一名副主管，管理着手下53名员工。说到自身巨大的改变，阿依努特别感恩，她说如果没有工业园的建立，自己也不会来到这里开启一段不一样的人生，“我学到了许多技能，有了一份很不错的收入。”

像阿努依一样在工业园工作的泰国员工已有2万多人。“这是个很了不起的数字。这2万人又供养了多少人，为泰国创造了多少外汇，收入稳定大大有助于社会稳定。”安美德集团总裁邱威功这样评价。

截至2018年6月，已有新技术、新能源、新材料、汽配、機械、电子等行业在内的105家中资企业入驻工业园，其中中国500强企业20多家，累计实现工业总产值超100亿美元。

目前，泰中罗勇工业园仅完成了一期二期4平方千米的开发，到三期开发完后，预计可容纳300家企业，为泰国创造10万个就业岗位。在华立集团董事局主席汪力成看来，这10万个岗位会像10万条纽带，让中国企业、中国制造与普通泰国民众在“一带一路”上紧密相连。

建设中的中白工业园办公楼    （本版图片/新华社供图）

2019年一开年，位于白俄罗斯的白俄罗斯—中国工业园（简称“中白工业园”）迎来喜讯，白俄罗斯经济部批准中白工业园获得经济特区的地位，这项政令保障了入驻企业在欧亚经济联盟海关法的框架内可最大程度享受关税优势。

而就在3年前，距离白俄罗斯首都明斯克25公里的工业园还是一片荒芜，这里遍布森林和沼泽，如无人之境。如何在这里建立起工业园，吸引企业来这里拓荒发展成为了当时的一道难题。参与最早期工业园开发建设的中自工业园开发公司第一副总经理基里尔的顾虑和建议代表了白俄罗斯方的观点，“我们想到了中国，中国在园区建设和引资方面有着丰富的经验，如果我们共同开发那肯定是没有问题的。”

和泰中罗勇工业园不太一样的是，中自工业园不仅仅面向中国投资者，而是在全球招商的大背景下，把眼光放至全世界。而更不一样的是，这里不再是传统工业的生产地，未来将是新兴产业的聚集地。

据中白工业园开发公司首席执行官胡政介绍，2018年中白工业园的国际影响力不断增强。全年共有380多个团组、近2500人次到园区考察，其中来自欧美的考察团组近90个。此外，工业园组织和参加了60多场招商引资推介会，有效扩大了园区的国际知名度和影响力。截至2018年8月-16日，工业园已吸引来自中国、白俄罗斯、俄罗斯、美国、德国、奥地利、立陶宛和以色列等国的37家企业入驻。

虽然不同地区工业园的开启理念或有不同，但发展带给普通老百姓的变化却实实在在可见。安德烈·彻列潘诺夫如今已是中自商贸物流股份有限公司的财务总监，也是公司最早的白方工作人员。回想和工业园的结缘，这一切似乎还发生在昨天。2015年，彻列潘诺夫看到了一则招聘启事，公司就在中白工业园里，这样一个新兴的工业园让他萌生了去看一看的想法，而最关键的是，他了解到这是中国和白俄罗斯两国政府共同推动的大项目，“前景一定非常好”，于是在工业园新建之初，彻列潘诺夫就走进了这里。从普通员工到财务总监，彻列潘诺夫岗位晋升了，工资提高了，整个家庭因为他的变化而有了更多美好的改变。而令他感到欣喜的是，作为一名老员工，他亲眼见证了工业园的快速发展，他感叹地说：“这一年来，有来自美国、德国、中国等国的企业入驻，整个园区充满着效率和激情。”

工作的稳定让彻列潘诺夫没有了后顾之忧，如今他最大的愿望就是学习汉语，在他看来身边的中国同事都特别好，大家在一起互相鼓励共同进步，因此如果能够学习到更多汉语，就能和同事们进行更好地交流了。

海外园区不仅成为中国企业“走出去”和转型升级不可缺少的中坚力量，也为东道国提供了大量的就业岗位。在去年8月举行的国新办新闻发布会上，国家发改委副主任、国家统计局局长宁吉喆介绍，截至2018年6月，我国与“一带一路”沿线国家货物贸易累计超过5万亿美元，在沿线国家建设的境外经贸合作区总投资289亿美元，为当地创造24.4万个就业岗位和20.1亿美元的税收。

北京师范大学“一带一路”研究院研究员王超表示：“海外园区作为‘一带一路’的重点项目，对我国加强国际产能合作提供了有效保护，我们要始终坚持与沿线国家对话协商、共建共享、合作共赢、交流互鉴，在园区建设上狠下功夫，建立合理的工作机制，不断完善配套设施，加强监督管理，增加就业机会，力争将各园区打造成为国际化现代绿色园区。同时，要充分尊重当地民族文化，秉持怀柔远人、和谐万邦的天下观，绘好海外园区‘工笔画’，把对方的事情当做自己的事情来做，把园区建设成为让当地老百姓受益的民生工程。”

共赢才能带来更好的合作，海外工业园的建立正是中国在“一带一路”上的探索，实践证明，发展经济、带动就业是实现双赢的最佳合作模式，未来，中国将继续在双赢之路上走下去，担当起大国的责任。

2018年7月9日，白俄罗斯副总理加里宁（右三）在中白工业园出席活动    （新华社供图）

On December 27，2018，the State-owned AssetsSupervision and Administration Commission ofthe State Council （SASAC） and the Chinese Academyof Social Sciences （CASS） released the first BlueBook on Overseas Corporate Social Responsibilityof Central State-owned Enterprises （2018） （BlueBook for short） which shows that central SOEshave widely participated in building of the Belt andRoad Initiative and actively fulfilled their corporatesocial responsibilities （CSR） overseas. Accordingto this explicit investigation text， up to now， centralSOEs have employed over 360，000 locals in hostcountries along the Belt and Road; among all overseasagencies of central SOEs， 96% have established anemployment system applied equally for both Chineseand foreign employees， 76% have put in place a fairemployment system for training and promotion，and 75% have built a fair employment system forcompensation and benefits.

Building industrial parks in other Belt and Roadcountries almost has become the best way for Chineseenterprises which go global through supporting eachother in expanding overseas operations. Meanwhile，this endeavor has also greatly invigorated localenterprises and offered enormous help to overseasemployees.Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone：livelihood improvement

For Chinese enterprises choosing to makeinvestments in Thailand，Thai-Chinese RayongIndustrial Zone is the best choice. With fourteen yearsof development since its establishment by China'sHolley Group and Thailand's Amata Corporation in 2005， this industrial zone has emerged as a leadingperformer among China's overseas industrial zonesand also contributed greatly to local economy.

Developing national economy is not about somevirtual economic modes. but about the livelihood ofeveryone living here. 25-year-old Thai female workerAynul from Dejinchang Optoelectronics Technologyhas witnessed and also benefited from the nationaldevelopment.

As a bom-and-bred Chiengmai native， Aynul didfarm work in her hometown until she was told by achance that Dejinchang Optoelectronic s Technology inThai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone was recruiting.Long dreaming to leave the village，Aynul decidedwithout any hesitation to start a new life in Bangkok.a city far away from her hometown. At the factory，she has taken many posts ranging from productionworker to translator， making great progress with eachpost change. Thanks to her hard work， young Aynulnow acts as an assistant supervisor managing 53employees. Talking about her drastic change， gratefulAynul who owed the life-changing opportunity tothe establishment of Thai-Chinese Rayong IndustrialZone said， “Thanks to the zone， I have leamed manyskills and have a nice income.”

Aynul is just one of more than 20，000 Thaiworkers of Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone.“How remarkable the figure it is ！ Imagine how manypeople have these 20，000 Thai workers supportedand how much foreign exchange has been created forThailand！ What's more， stable income is conduciveto social stability，”said Vikrom Kromadit， CEO ofAmata Corporation.

As of June 2018， 105 Chinese enterprises havesettled down in the park， covering a range of industrieslike new technology， new energy，new material，auto parts， mechanical engineering， and electronicengineering. Among them， there are 20-plus amongthe list of the top 500 Chinese enterprises， generatinga total of industrial output value of more than USD 10billion.

Currently， 4k㎡ area of Phase I and Phase IIhas been developed in the zone. Once Phase III iscompleted， it is expected that the zone will be capableof acconmmodating 300 enterprises and providing100 thousand jobs for Thai people. In the eyes ofWang Licheng， chairman of the Board of ZhejiangHolley Group， these 100，000 jobs will link Chineseenterprises， Chinese manufacturing， and ordinary Thaipeople together through the “Belt and Road”.China-Belarus Industrial Park： jobs ensurebetter livelihood

At the beginning of 2019， good news came to theBelarus-based China-Belarus Industrial Park （GreatStone） that the Ministry of Economy of Belarusapproved the status of Great Stone as a special economiczone. The approval means that enterprises here canenjoy most preferential tariff within the framework ofthe customs law of Eurasian Economic Union.

Just three years ago， the park site， 25km awayfrom Belarus's capital Minsk， was still very desolate，stretch upon stretch of forest and marsh makingthis place extremely depopulated. Therefore， howto build an industrial park here and then how toattract enterprises for development has remainedquite a challenge. Kiril， first deputy general managerof China-Belarus Industrial Park DevelopmentCompany， and also one of the first participants in theconstruction of Great Stone， expressed his concernsand suggestions on behalf of Belarus， "The reasonwhy we chose China then is that China has a proventrack record in park construction and investmentpromotion， so there is no problem if we two countriescooperate in the effort."

Unlike Thai-Chinese Rayong Industrial Zone，Great Stone is built for attracting investors not onlyfrom China but also from all over the world. Stillmore importantly， it will be developed into a centerfor emerging industries，rather than a production basefor traditional industries.

According to Hu Zheng， CEO of Clrina-BelarusIndustrial Park Development Company， the year 2018 has witnessed the ever-enhanced internationalinfluence of Great Stone. Throughout the year， thepark received 380-plus delegations comprising nearly2500 visits， including nearly 90 delegations fromEurope and the US. Besides， the park organized andparticipated in 60-plus investment promotion fairs，giving a strong boost to its global exposure andinfluence. As ofAugust 16， 2018， 37 enterprises fromChina， Belarus， Russia， the US， Germany， Austria，Lithuania， Israel， and other countries have establishedoperations here.

Though the founding visions of industrial parksof different regions might vary， tangible benefits theyhave delivered to ordinary people are clearly seen.Andrey Cherepanov， also one of the earliest staffmembers in Belarus of China-Belarus Commerce &Logistics Corporation， is finance director now. Lookingback on why he chose to work at the industrial park，he felt as if it just happened yesterday. In 2015，Cherepanov noticed a recruitment advertising of GreatStone， and then he was seized by an itch to try hisluck at this new industrial park Most importantly， hewas told that it was a large project co-initiated by thegovemments of China and Belarus. Attracted by the"promising future"， he started working here just afterthe park was completed from then ordinary employeeto today's fmance director. In addition to the raisedsalary， his whole family has also benefited greatlyfrom his promotion. As a long-time employee whohas witnessed the fast-evolving development of GreatStone， he said with emotion， "Since the beginning ofthis year， a host of enterprises from the US， Germany，and of course， China has settled down here， injectingmore momentum into Great Stone to become anefficient and passionate industrial park. "

With the secure job， Cherepanov no longerworries about his livelihood， and now his biggest wishis learning Chinese language. In his eyes， his Chinesecolleagues all are very nice， and they encourage eachother and make progress together. So if he can speakChinese well，he will be capable of communicatingwith his Chinese colleagues in a better way.Following through the best cooperation model

Overseas industrial parks have emerged asthe pillar for Chinese enterprises to go global andachieve transformation and upgrade and also createda large Inumber ofjobs for host countries. At the pressconference in last August， Ning Jizhe， vice minister ofthe National Development and Reform Commissionand commissioner of the National Bureau of Statistics.noted that as of June 2018， the volume of goods tradebetween China and other Belt and Road countrieshad exceeded USD 5 trillion， and a total of USD 28.9billion investment had been made in economic andtrade cooperation zones in these countries， whichcreated 244，000 local jobs and USD 2.01 billion ofrevenue.

Wang Chao， a research fellow with The Belt andRoad Research Institute of Beijing Normal Universitysaid， "As a key part of the Belt and Road Initiative.overseas industrial parks have provided effectiveguarantee for China to intensify global productioncapacity cooperation. With achieving shared growththrough mutual discussion， collaboration andlearning among the Belt and Road countries as ourguiding principle， and with park construction asour point of effort. we should establish a rationalworking mechanism， keep improving supportingfacilities. strengthen supervision and management，and offer more job opportunities， in a bid to buildeach industrial park into a modern， international，green one. Meanwhile， we should also respect localcultures and bring harmony to local people， help hostcountries with greatest sincerity and effort and workto improve the livelihood of local people by buildingthe industrial parks well."

Always embracing that only win-win bringsbetter cooperation， China pursues the Belt and RoadInitiative in a way of building overseas industrialparks. And practices have also proven that， developingeconomy to boost employment is the best win-wincooperation model. Going forward， China will play itspart as a responsible major country in advancing win-win cooperation.