非洲的“中国时刻”

王义桅

A “Chinese moment”in Africa

回顧历史，非洲经历了长期探索，但绝大部分国家都还没有找到一条符合自身国情的发展道路。目前，非洲国家纷纷向“东”看，从发展靠援助到学习中国自主发展经验，搞招商引资、改革开放。非洲的“中国时刻”正在到来：

非洲正成为与中国开展基础设施和国际产能合作的示范。在埃塞俄比亚首都亚的斯亚贝巴，街边到处是中国建筑集团有限公司的标语和吊车，非盟总部就是这家中企的杰作，如今总部附近，一家安徽企业的标语十分醒目。市内，轻轨、高架桥：市外，高速公路、收费站、路灯，充满了中国气息，更不用说非洲第一条电气化铁路——亚吉铁路了。中非合作因而成为“一带一路”倡导的洲际合作的示范。把中国资金、技术、市场、企业、人才和成功发展经验等相对发展优势，同非洲丰富的自然资源、巨大的人口红利和市场潜力紧密结合起来，必将创造出新的发展奇迹。中国现代化经验最为鲜活，与非洲合作政治基础最好，中国梦正激励和塑造非洲奇迹、非洲梦。 “一带一路”是世界的希望工程，非洲是希望的大陆，与“一带一路”进行目标、任务、经验、智慧对接最为积极。埃塞俄比亚、坦桑尼亚、肯尼亚、刚果（布）成为中非产能合作先行先试的示范国家。在中非约翰内斯堡峰会上宣布的中非十大合作计划中，高速公路网、高速铁路网、区域航空网、基础设施工业化的“三网一化”，正在推进非洲的横向互联互通和区域合作，改变非洲被全球化的命运，打造非洲版全球化。

非洲是中外模式互学互鉴的重要试点。2010年，埃塞着手制订并实施首个5年“增长与转型计划”，着力加强水电站、铁路等基础设施建设，加快制造业发展，目标是到2025年成为中等收入国家。2015年，首个5年“增长与转型计划”圆满收官。2016年起实施第二个5年“增长与转型计划”，这是学习中国“五年规划”的典范。人类从埃塞俄比亚走出非洲，埃塞学是继埃及学之后仅有的以非洲国家命名的学问，与中国学遥相呼应。中国的“四个自信”激励埃塞俄比亚树立“四个自信”，并向非洲其他国家示范。比如，梅塞莱斯生产力学院，效仿中央党校或国家行政学院;为吸引中国投资，埃塞俄比亚还设“工业园区法”。在非盟总部，来自非洲各国的官员、记者和智库领袖边读习近平主席著作边思考，这些思考对照中国共产党的成功经验;而中国学者也从中借鉴非洲经验完善自身发展模式，中非发展模式互学互鉴蔚然成风。结合自身新发展理念，中方创造性提出共同发展、集约发展、绿色发展、安全发展、开放发展五大合作理念，成为中非合作发展的新共识。

非洲既是希望的大陆，也是充满挑战的大陆。中非相互需要，已经成为命运共同体。

Rviewing the history ofAfrica we can see most of its countries still failed tofind a development path that suits their own national conditions in spite oflong-run exploration. At present， African countries begin turning their eyes onto theEast. They are shifting from relying on external assistance to taking the initiative tolearn from China's experience of independent development. To do so， they start topromote investment and opening up.Africa is experiencing a "Chinese moment".

Africa is now becoming a demonstrator of cooperation with China oninfrastructure construction and international production capacity. In AddisAbaba， capital of Ethiopia， the streets are buzzed with slogans and cranes ofChina State Construction Engineering Corporation（CSCEC）， and the AfricanUnion （AU） headquarters is a masterpiece built by this Chinese company.Today， the slogan of an Anhui-based company is very eye-catching near theheadquarters. Chinese elements can be seen everywhere， from the light rail andoverpasses in the city to the highways， toll stations and street lamps outsidethe city， let alone the Addis Ababa-Djibouti Railway， Africa's first electrifiedrailway. China-Africa cooperation is thus becoming a demonstrator ofinter-continental cooperation advocated by the Belt and Road Initiative. It will definitelycreate a new miracle of development when China's comparative developmentadvantages， including capital， technology market， business， talent and successfuldevelopment experience， are combined closely with the rich natural resources，huge demographic dividend and market potential of Africa. China's modernizationprocess is a living experience. China and Africa enjoy the best political foundationfor cooperation. The Chinese dream is encouraging and shaping an African miracleand African dream. The Belt and Road Initiative brings hope of developmentacross the globe. Africa， a vast land of hope， shows its highest enthusiasm to getsynchronized with the goal， task， experience and wisdom of the Belt and RoadInitiative. Ethiopia， Tanzania， Kenya， and the Republic of Congo have becomethe first group of pilot countries for production capacity cooperation betweenChina and Africa. Among the ten China-Africa cooperation plans announced atthe Johannesburg Summit of Forum on China-Africa Cooperation， the initiativeof "three networks and one industrialization" （highway network， high-speedrailway network， regional aviation network and infrastructure industrialization） ispromoting horizontal interconnection and regional cooperation in Africa， shiftingthe continent's position from a follower to an active player in globalization.

Africa is a key pilot for China and foreign countries to learn from each other.In 2010， Ethiopia worked out and implemented its first five-year Growth andTransformation Plan （GTP）. It placed emphasis on construction of infrastructureincluding hydropower stations and railways， and ondevelopment of manufacturing， with the objectiveof building itself into a middle-income economy by2025. In 2015， the first five-year plan was completedwith a great success， so the government startedthe second five-year plan in 2016. Walking out ofAfrica from Ethiopia， human beings has developedknowledge term of Ethiopiology which is one of theonly two studies named after an African country （theother is Egyptology）， echoing Sinology. China's "fourmatters of confidence" （confidence in its socialist path，theory system and culture） is encouraging Ethiopiato work out its own version and demonstrate it toother African countries. For example， Federal MelesZenawi Leadership Academy follows the model of theParty School of the Central Committee of C.P.C. orthe China National School of Administration. In orderto attract Chinese investment， Ethiopia has adoptedthe Industrial Park Proclamation No.886/2015. Atthe AU headquarters， officials， journalists and thinktank leaders from African countries read and reflectedon the works of Chinese President Xi Jinping. Bycomparing their reflections with the successfulexperience of the CPC， Chinese scholars also thinkChina can improve its own mode of development byreferring to African experience. In this way， China andAfrica have spontaneously started learning from eachother on mode of development. Taking its own newdevelopment concept into consideration， China hascreatively proposed five major cooperation concepts，i.e.， common development， intensive development，green development， safe development and opendevelopment. These concepts have become a newconsensus on the development of China-Africacooperation.

Africa is a continent of both hope and challenges.China and Africa， interdependent on each other， hasconstituted a community of shared future.