Julie (Excerpt IV)《朱莉》（节选四）

琼·克雷格黑德·乔治

The herd was quite close， and Julie could see the difference between the males and the females. The females were smaller， and their horns did not meet on their brows， as did those of the males. Both sexes had large eyes that protruded from their heads several inches. With these eyes they could see to the sides， the front， and the rear， and they could see in the dark as well as in the painful light of ice glare. The uminmaks are creatures honed by darkness， sun， and intense cold.

Kapugen moo-grunted.

A female left the group and came toward him. She hesitated when she saw Julie. Kapugen walked slowly up to her making soft sounds. When she was close， he reached out and scratched her head.

“This is Siku， Miyax，” he said. “I found her on the tundra. Her mother had just been killed by a wolf pack. Siku was moving inside her. I opened the belly and lifted this little musk ox onto the ice—the siku; then I wrapped her in a caribou skin and took her home.

“I fed her on a bottle， and she lived and gave me the idea to raise musk oxen.”

“Is it hard to raise them？” Julie asked.

“Not too hard，” Kapugen replied. “Once， not too long ago， when the caribou were scarce， the people of Kangik， Wainwright， and Barrow raised reindeer. Malek was a herder. I met him and told him of my dream. He came to Kangik to join me. The state of Alaska gave us several more oxen to go with Siku. In time we had a herd and gathered qiviut.” Julie reached slowly out and touched Siku. The large eyes rolled her way， but the cow did not move.

“Siku，” he said， laughing and rubbing her head roughly. “You started it all.” She snorted and went back to the herd. The uminmaks had broken their fortress circle and were cropping grass.

“How many musk oxen do you have， Aapa？” Julie asked.

“Four bulls and seven females and yearlings. Not many， but the herd is growing. There will be four little calves in May or June if the wolves do not get them.” He looked directly into her eyes.

Julie did not speak. She was thinking of that day on the tundra when an airplane came out of the mist and， with the burst of gunfire， killed Amaroq， the intelligent and kindly leader of her wolf pack.

She turned away from Kapugen’s gaze. He was telling her he had killed the wolf to protect these musk oxen. He was thinking of his people， his eyes said， and they added that he would do it again if he had to.

Julie was terrified for Kapu and his pack. Wherever the caribou were， she fervently hoped her wolves were with them.

牛群离得很近，朱莉能够看清公牛和母牛的区别。母牛体型略小，牛角不像公牛那样在眉毛上方聚拢。公牛和母牛都有一对大眼睛，凸出在头上，高约几英寸。这样凸出的眼睛让它们可以看到侧面、前面和后面。在黑暗中以及刺眼的冰雪反光中它们也能看得清。尤敏麦克这种动物就是由黑暗、阳光和严寒锻造出来的。

卡普根哞地叫了一声。

一只母麝牛离开了牛群朝他走来。这头母牛看到了朱莉又犹豫不前。卡普根一边轻声呼唤着，一边慢慢地走近她。母牛靠近的时候，卡普根伸手挠了挠她的头。

“这是司库，米娅克斯，”卡普根说，“我在冻原上找到的她。那时候她的母亲刚刚被一群狼杀死。司库在母亲的肚子里乱动。我切开母牛肚子把这个小小的麝牛放到冰上——就是司库;然后我用一张北美驯鹿皮包好她带回了家。

“我用奶瓶喂她，她活了下来。这让我有了饲养麝牛的想法。”

“饲养麝牛很难吗？”朱莉问。

“不太难，”卡普根回答，“不久以前，北美驯鹿不多的时候，坎吉克、韦恩赖特以及巴罗镇的人都饲养驯鹿。马利克就是一个饲养驯鹿的人。我碰到他并告诉了他我的梦想。他来到坎吉克跟我一起干。阿拉斯加州又给了我们几头麝牛，跟司库一起饲养。我们终于有了一群麝牛，可以剪麝牛绒了。”朱莉慢慢地伸出手去抚摸司库。司库的大眼睛朝着朱莉转了转，身子却没有动。

“司库，”卡普根一边笑着，一边抚摸着司库的头说，“是你开了个好头。”司库打了个响鼻又走回牛群去了。尤敏麦克组成的防护圈子散开了，然后各自吃草。

“阿爸，你现在有多少麝牛呢？”朱莉问。

“四头公牛、七头母牛和小牛。不太多，但牛群还在扩大。到五月或六月还会添加四头小牛犊，如果狼群不杀死它们的话。”卡普根盯着朱莉的眼睛说。

朱莉没有说话。她想到了冻原上的那一天，有一架飞机突然从大雾中出现，一阵枪弹袭来，杀死了阿马罗克——她所属狼群的聪明又善良的头狼。

朱莉转过头，避开了卡普根的逼视。卡普根是在告诉她，他之所以杀死那头狼是为了保护麝牛。他的眼睛在说，他想到的是他的小镇居民，而且如果必要，他还会那么做。

朱莉为卡普和他的狼群感到害怕。她多么希望北美驯鹿到哪里，她的狼群就跟随到哪里。

【背景知识】朱莉的父亲卡普根接受了白人的价值观，认为人与自然是利用和被利用的关系，于是饲养麝牛，猎杀狼群。而朱莉仍然相信人与自然应该和谐相处。父女俩之间的矛盾冲突在这一选段里集中显现。

【第一段】第三句开头的短语both sexes如直译为“两个性别的麝牛”会显得奇怪，译文改为“公牛和母牛”。而定语从句that protruded from their heads several inches的译文也不好处理（从头上凸出几英寸），译文添加了“高约”。短语in the painful light of ice glare也不宜直译，译文转化为“刺眼的冰雪反光”。

【第二段】第一句中原文使用了象声词moo，译文加以保留译为“哞”。第四句中的making soft sounds（发出柔和的声音）译文明晰化为“轻声呼唤着”，更明白易懂。

【第三段】爱斯基摩语中的siku是“冰”的意思。所以司库指出生在冰上的麝牛。而fed her on a bottle指用奶瓶喂小牛，不是一般的瓶子。

【第四段】单词herder意思是“放牧人”，此处为饲养驯鹿的人。“司库的大眼睛朝着朱莉转了转”意指司库看了看朱莉，译文保留了原文的描述方式，这样更有趣味。

【第五段】句子“You started it all.”直译应该是“你启动了这一切。”，是过于现代的表达，译文选取了更口语化的方式：是你开了个好头。短语broken their fortress circle（打破了他们的防护圈）实指麝牛群不像一开始那样围着弱小的牛犊转圈以起到保护作用，而是自由散开吃草了。

【第六段】短语seven females and yearlings按照字面意義是“七头母牛和一岁的小牛”，但这样稍显啰唆，译文省略了修饰语“一岁的”，译文更简洁。

【第七段】原文第二句是较为复杂的英语句式，中文译文前半句采取了流水句式，后半句使用补语的形式，补充说明阿马罗克的身份。

【第八段】这一段描写朱莉的心理，是朱莉对父亲眼神和表情的解读。短语his people如直译为“他的人民”不妥，因为卡普根不是国王也不是行政领导，他只是为小镇居民着想，所以译为“他的小镇居民”。

【第九段】句子she fervently hoped（她热切地希望）按照中文常见的句式译为“她多么希望”。如果狼群跟着北美驯鹿走，就不会猎杀麝牛，也就不会被卡普根杀死。所以朱莉渴望狼群能一直跟随北美驯鹿。

【小结】这一选段表面上翻译难度不大，但还有好多语段需要用心斟酌。原文里的爱斯基摩语要传译到位，译文同时应该反映出源语文化特色。原文一些特殊的表达方式则需要在翻译中加以变通，使之符合中文习惯、更加明白易懂。