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新型NPCSMA随机多址接入WSN的协议分析

2019-08-12韩泽军丁洪伟保利勇何敏杨志军

现代电子技术 2019年15期
关键词:无线传感器网络

韩泽军 丁洪伟 保利勇 何敏 杨志军

摘  要: 无线传感器网络(WSN)因采用大量廉价的微型传感器节点并可以感知和处理传输网络覆盖区域内被感知对象的信息而备受人们喜爱。在此,提出一种基于碰撞长度可变的三时钟NP?CSMA提高系统的吞吐率,通过划分成功分组发送时间1+[a]、碰撞分组发送时间[b+a]、空闲分组发送时间[a],利用平均周期法求出吞吐率、碰撞率和空闲率,并用仿真实验验证该理论的准确性。通过与其他协议进行对比,验证了所提协议的优越性。

关键词: 无线传感器网络; 碰撞长度可变; 三时钟; NP?CSMA; 平均周期法; 随机多址接入

中图分类号: TN915.04?34; TP393                   文献标识码: A                  文章编号: 1004?373X(2019)15?0017?04

Analysis of a new NP?CSMA random multi?access WSN protocol

HAN Zejun, DING Hongwei, BAO Liyong, HE Min, YANG Zhijun

(School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, China)

Abstract: Wireless sensor network (WSN) is popular because it uses a large number of inexpensive micro sensor nodes, and can sense and process the information of the perceived objects in the transmission network coverage area. In this paper, a three?clock NP?CSMA (non? persistent carrier sense multi?channel access) with variable collision length is proposed to improve the system throughput rate. By dividing the successful packet sending time [1+a], collision packet sending time [b+a] and idle packet sending time [a], the throughput rate, collision rate and idle rate are calculated by means of average cycle method, and the accuracy of the theory is verified by simulation experiments. The superiority of this protocol is verified by comparison with other protocols.

Keywords: wireless sensor network; collision length variable; three?clock; NP?CSMA; average cycle method; random multi?access

0  引  言

无线传感器网络是集信息采集、处理和传输于一体的综合智能信息系统,由大量造价低廉的微型传感器节点组成[1?3],因而,广受学者喜爱。国内外目前主要将其应用于医疗军事和智能家电等诸多领域。传统P?CSMA协议只规定信息空闲时[4?6]以[p]概率发送,信道忙时,则未说明。若持续侦听信道,即为1坚持型P?CSMA(1P?CSMA)[7?9];不侦听信道则为非坚持型P?CSMA(NP?CSMA)。1P?CSMA由于持续侦听信道而能量消耗巨大,不适用于无线传感器网络。同时,NP?CSMA兼顾非坚持CSMA(Non?Persistent CSMA)特性,通过调节[p]概率,可保障在重负载下依然可以保持较低的碰撞率和较高的吞吐率。本文采用平均周期法对NP?CSMA协议进行建模,可精确获得系统吞吐率([SU])、碰撞率([SB])、空闲率([SI1])、信息分组的发送时延([SI2])等重要参数。通过仿真实验和理论分析,并与其他协议进行对比分析,验证本协议的准确性和优越性。

1  基于碰撞长度可变的NP?CSMA接入无线传感器网络协议的模型描述

所有的系统终端节点均采用新型NP?CSMA[10?12],该协议在信道空闲时,以[p]概率进行发送;在信道忙时,不再侦听信道,若发生碰撞,采用截断二进制指数后退算法,随机后退一个随机的时间再重新发送。本文分别划分成功、碰撞和空闲的发送时间为[1+a],[b+a]和[a]。图1为碰撞长度可变的NP?CSMA协议系统模型图。

图1  基于碰撞长度可变的三时钟NP?CSMA随机多址协议模型

为了分析系统性能,对系统作如下假设:

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