Study on Agricultural Intellectual Property Protection and High-Quality Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ginseng

College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning 437100, China

AbstractAgricultural intellectual property has the functions of carrying forward agricultural cultural heritage, encouraging agricultural scientific and technological innovation, cultivating the brand of agricultural products and so on. The protection and application of agricultural intellectual property rights can enhance the vitality, innovation and competitiveness of agricultural economy, and promote the strategy of high-quality agricultural development and rural revitalization. Ginseng is a traditional medicinal variety with superior characteristics in Northeast China, and it is one of the most famous "three treasures" in Northeast China. This paper introduces ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) and its medicinal value, analyzes the traditional knowledge, biological genetic resources, new plant varieties, patents, geographical indications, trademarks and other agricultural intellectual property resources of ginseng, studies the traditional Chinese medicine GAP certification and certification of "Three Agricultural Products" and the construction of the dominant area of agricultural product (Fusong ginseng) with Chinese characteristics, and explores the rural revitalization strategy and traditional Chinese medicine development strategy, ginseng agricultural intellectual property protection and high quality development strategy.

Key wordsGinseng, Traditional Chinese medicine, Agricultural intellectual property rights, Development strategy of traditional Chinese medicine, Rural revitalization strategy

1 Introduction

Since the 19th CPC National Congress, high-quality development research has become a hot spot in the field of management and economics, resulting in a large number of achievements[1-2]. Among them, in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), there are more than 30 000 articles with the vocabulary of "high quality development" in the title. However, the main problems in high quality development research are as follows. There are more policy interpretation and macro theoretical analysis, but less empirical analysis and regional research. The high-quality development research on agriculture, especially the traditional medicinal materials industry, needs to be developed in depth. The research on agricultural intellectual property leading the high quality development of agriculture has not been paid due attention to.

The high quality development of agriculture is embodied in the good quality of agricultural products, good ecological quality and good comprehensive structure (product structure, regional structure, factor structure, organizational structure, trade structure). Its essence lies in the improvement of economic vitality, innovation and competitiveness. The high quality development of agriculture should be microscopically based on the improvement of agricultural production factors, productivity and total factor efficiency. In the middle view, it is necessary to pay attention to the upgrading of agricultural economic structure, including industrial structure, market structure, regional structure and so on. Macroscopically, it requires the balanced development of national agricultural economy.

With the development of knowledge economy and the acceleration of the process of economic globalization, intellectual property has become an important resource and core competitiveness of agricultural development, an important support of agricultural modernization and the key to mastering the initiative of agricultural development[3-5]. Agricultural intellectual property, especially in the field of agriculture, involves agricultural patents, trademarks, copyrights, as well as new plant varieties, geographical indications, agricultural biological genetic resources and traditional knowledge, agricultural trade secrets,etc. Among them, traditional knowledge and agricultural biological genetic resources are mainly intellectual property rights of cultural heritage, with the function of carrying forward agricultural cultural heritage[6-7]; invention patents, utility model patents, new plant varieties are mainly the creative intellectual property rights, with the function of driving agricultural scientific and technological innovation[8-9]; geographical indications, trademarks, design patents are mainly indication intellectual property rights, with the function of cultivating agricultural products brand[10-12].

The protection and use of agricultural intellectual property rights can promote the development of knowledge and knowledge economy in traditional Chinese medicine and other traditional industries, promote the scientific and technological innovation of traditional Chinese medicine industry, the cultural inheritance of traditional Chinese medicine, the authenticity protection of traditional Chinese medicine, and the building of regional public brands of genuine medicinal materials, enhance the economic vitality, innovation and competitiveness of traditional Chinese medicine industry. It is an important way to implement the strategy of rural revitalization, high-quality development of agriculture, innovation-driven development strategy, agricultural intellectual property strategy, development strategy of traditional Chinese medicine, modernization of traditional Chinese medicine and so on. Ginseng[13-15]is an outstanding representative of famous genuine medicinal materials, and it is a superior variety of medicinal materials in Northeast China. Among them, Changbai Ginseng is one of the top 100 regional public brands of agricultural products in China in 2017. Therefore, under the rural revitalization strategy and the development strategy of traditional Chinese medicine, this paper discusses the agricultural intellectual property protection and high-quality development strategy of ginseng.

2 Ginseng and its medicinal value

Ginseng (PanaxginsengC. A. Mey.) is a perennial herbaceous plant of Acanthopanax, and grows in 40-45° N and 117.5-134° E. It is mainly distributed in Northeast China, Korea, South Korea, Japan and eastern Russia.

Ginseng grows in a climate with an average temperature of -23℃ to 5℃ in January and an average temperat ure of 20℃ to 26℃ in July. It has strong cold tolerance and can withstand low temperature of -40℃. The suitable temperature for its growth is 15-25℃.It likes cold, cool and humid climate, and generally grows in places where the annual accumulated temperature is 2 000-3 000℃, the frost-free period is 125-150 d, the snow cover is 20-44 cm, and the annual precipitation is 500-1 000 mm. It likes oblique and diffuse light, and dislikes strong light and high temperature. The soil is required to be loose and fertile brown forest soil with deep humus layer or mountain podzolic brown forest soil, and 5.5 to 6.2 is the suitable soil pH.

Ginseng and other genuine medicinal materials are mostly distributed in poor mountain areas, which is the local characteristic industry and the leading industry for increasing farmers’ income. Blind expansion in unsuitable areas is one of the main reasons for the decline of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine and the loss of authenticity. Therefore, ecologically suitable planting is the basis of authentic protection of ginseng and other Chinese medicinal materials. Referring toRecommendedCatalogueofEcologicallySuitableMedicinalMaterialsinPoorAreasissued by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Resource Center of the Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine[16], it is concluded that 14 counties in 5 provinces are suitable for planting ginseng in this paper: Jingyu County, Helong City, Wangqing County, Antu County, Jilin Province; Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County, Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Huanren Manchu Autonomous County, Kuandian Autonomous County, Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province; Kedong County, Raohe County, Hailun City, Heilongjiang Province; Huangyuan County, Qinghai Province; Yulong Naxi Autonomous County, Yunnan Province.

Ginseng roots, leaves and so on can be used as medicine. Chinese herbal medicine ginseng (root): sweet, slightly bitter; neutral in nature; effective in treating diseases related to spleen, lung and heart. It has the functions of replenishing vitality, restoring vigor, tonifying the spleen and tonifying the lung, calming the mind and so on. It can treat heat exhaustion, cold limbs, insufficiency of the spleen and anorexia, lung deficiency and wheezing cough, thirst, internal heat, poor health after a long illness, palpitation and insomnia, impotence and cold womb, heart failure, cardiogenic shock and so on. Chinese herbal medicine ginseng leaves: bitter, sweet; cold; effective in treating diseases related to lung, and stomach. It has the functions of replenishing vitality, tonifying the lung, dispelling heat, promoting the secretion of saliva or body fluid and so on. It is used for treating cough, summer heat-induced irritability, thirst, dizziness, myasthenia of limbs and other diseases.

3 Agricultural intellectual property resources of ginseng

3.1 Traditional knowledgeAccording to the definition of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)[17], the broad traditional knowledge includes narrow traditional knowledge, traditional cultural expressions (folk literature and art), genetic resources. Traditional knowledge is usually considered to be related to a particular nation and region and based on traditional literary, artistic or scientific works, performance, invention, scientific discovery, design, marking, name and symbol,etc.

The traditional knowledge of ginseng mainly includes traditional agricultural knowledge, traditional diet knowledge, traditional medical knowledge and so on. It includes the human factors for ginseng geographical indications and authentic medicinal materials, the knowledge about traditional cultivation, traditional processing, traditional formula, traditional food, traditional recipes, traditional production techniques about related specialty, related legends and folklore, the land use system and agricultural landscape for its traditional planting and so on.

However, the protection of traditional knowledge and cultural heritage related to ginseng has not been given due attention. There are traditional cultivation systems for Liaoning Kuandian Shizhu Ginseng in Chinese Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (CIAHS), Chinese time-honored Huangfengshen Ginseng. However, we have not yet produced a traditional Chinese medicine database that can retrieve ginseng. There are not many national patents related to traditional knowledge, and so far there is no national intangible cultural heritage, Global Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS) and so on in this regard.

3.2 Biological genetic resourcesGinseng is rich in biological genetic resources, includingP.ginsengC. A. Mey,P.quinquefoliusL.,P.notoginseng(Burkill) F. H. Chen ex C. H.,P.japonicusC. A. Mey.,P.pseudo-ginsengWall.var.japonicus(C.A.Mey) Hoo et Tseng,P.zingiberensisC. Y. Wu et K. M. Feng,P.bipinnatifidusSeem.,P.pseudoginsengWall.,P.pseudo-ginsengWall.var.pseudo-ginseng,P.pseudo-ginsengvar.angustifolus,P.pseudo-ginsengvar.elegantior. In addition, our country’s ginseng planting history is long, cultivated some ginseng varieties.

3.3 New plant varietiesThere are two systems for the protection of new plant variety rights in China: agricultural plant variety system and forestry plant new variety system. On April 21, 2008, the former Ministry of Agriculture published the seventh batch of "Protection List of Agricultural Plant Varieties of the People’s Republic of China", which contains ginseng (PanaxginsengC. A. Mey.).

So far, only three ginseng varieties have been granted the right to new varieties of agricultural plants by the former Ministry of Agriculture: Lianfeng, Tianfeng, Kangmei No. 1. Among them, the first two new plant varieties belong to the Korean Ginseng Commune, while the latter belongs to Ji’an Dadi Ginseng Industry Co., Ltd. In addition, in recent years, the cultivation of new ginseng varieties in China has made little progress, including Kangmei No. 1, Xinkaihe No. 1, Baiquan Ginseng No. 1, Fuxing 01,etc.

3.4 PatentsTo date, 87 678 national patents have been granted involving ginseng, including 80 114 invention patents, accounting for 91.37%; 7 009 utility model patents, accounting for 7.99%; 555 design patents, accounting for 0.63%. There are few utility model patents, and design patents (design of packaging materials,etc.). These national patents were mainly licensed in the last five years (Fig.1). As of April 30, 3 307 national patents were granted this year.

Among the main ginseng producing provinces, Jilin Province has obtained many utility model patents and design patents related to ginseng. Liaoning Province has obtained more patents for inventions involving ginseng (Table 1). There are 20 original ginseng producing counties of geographical indication (14 in Jilin Province and 6 in Liaoning Province). Except Ji’an City, Fusong County, Dunhua City, Jingyu County and Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in Liaoning Province, there are few national patents related to ginseng in other counties (Table 2), and their scientific and technological innovation ability needs to be improved.

Fig.1 Annual changes in the number of national patents authorized involving ginseng from 1985 to 2018

Table 1 National patents related to ginseng in the main producing provinces of ginseng

ProvincesInventionUtilitymodelExteriordesignTotal numberof patentsJilin1 128136961 360Liaoning1 42299241 545Heilongjiang1 18171111 263Inner Mongolia306221329

Table 2 National patents related to ginseng in the county of origin of geographical indication ginseng

ProvincesCounty of originInventionUtilitymodelExteriordesignTotalnumber ofpatentsJilinJian City102124118Fusong County683013111Dunhua City479258Jingyu County3116350Huinan County342238Tonghua County242026Linjiang City210223Hunchun City160218Changbai Autonomous County141015Wangqing County130215Jiaohe City4015Huadian City4105Antu County3014Jiangyuan County2002LiaoningHuanren Autonomous County487459Xinbin Autonomous County163726Qingyuan Autonomous County90716Kuandian Autonomous County105015Benxi Autonomous County5005Fushun County0000

3.5 Geographical indicationsChina’s geographical indication protection system is not perfect, there are three systems: geographical indication product protection; geographical indication trademark registration; agricultural product geographical indication registration[18]. Ginseng now includes 3 geographical indication products (Table 3), 13 geographical indication trademarks (Table 4) and 4 kinds of agricultural geographical indications (Table 5). The scope of geographical indication protection involves a total of 20 counties in Jilin and Liaoning provinces. However, the above geographical indication ginseng has only one national standardGeographicIndicationProduct—JilinChangbaiMountainGinseng(GB/T 19506-2009). In the three geographical indication systems, there are the same products with different names in ginseng geographical indications.

3.6 TrademarkThere are more than 700 ginseng-related trademarks, of which 13 are geographical indication trademarks (Table 4), and there are not many collective trademarks and certification trademarks. The related well-known trademarks in China are "Xinkaihe", "Yisheng", "Jinlihua", "Longbao", "Zixin", "Huangfengshen", "Aodong", "Heshantang", "Tongrentang", "Shenxiang",etc.

4 GAP certification of traditional Chinese medicine ginseng and certification of "Three Agricultural Products"

4.1 GAP certification of traditional Chinese medicineGAP certification of traditional Chinese medicine is an important supporting project for Chinese traditional medicine pharmaceutical enterprises to implement GMP. It is the product of the combination of pharmacy and agronomy, and it is a green project and sunshine project to ensure the quality of traditional Chinese medicine. On February 3, 2016, the State Council decided to cancel the certification of the standard for the quality control of the production of traditional Chinese medicine (GAP). Canceling GAP certification does not mean canceling GAP planting. GAP planting is very important for traditional Chinese medicine[19].

Table 3 Ginseng geographical indication products

ProductsRelease timeScope of protection of geographical indicationsChangbai ginseng, Jilin Province2002.12.2514 counties (cities) in Jilin Province: Fusong County, Jingyu County, Changbai Korean Autonomous County, Jian-gyuan County, Tonghua County, Jian City, Huinan County, Dunhua City, Antu County, Wangqing County, Hun-chun City, Jiaohe City, Huadian City, Linjiang CityHuanren wild ginseng2008.05.30Administrative area of Huanren Manchu Autonomous County in Liaoning ProvinceFushun woods-grown gin-seng2010.09.30Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County, Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County, and Maquanzi Township, Houan Town, Tangtu Township, Shangma Township, Jiubing Township in Fushun County, Liaoning Province

Table 4 Trademark of ginseng geographical indications

TrademarkRelease timeRegistrantRegistration numberChangbai ginseng2009.10.28Jilin Provincial Association of Ginseng Industry7331857Changbai ginseng2018.05.28Jilin Provincial Association of Ginseng Industry23742496Changbai ginseng2018.05.28Jilin Provincial Association of Ginseng Industry23473220Changbai ginseng2018.05.28Jilin Provincial Association of Ginseng Industry23473219Changbai ginseng2018.11.21Jilin Provincial Association of Ginseng Industry27973937Fusong ginseng2010.03.28Fusong County Ginseng Association7694369Fusong wild ginseng2011.07.07Fusong County Ginseng Association9685100Fusong woods-grown wild ginseng2012.10.07Fusong County Ginseng Association9685101Jian Shizhu ginseng2009.03.28Jilin Jian Shizhu Ginseng Association6533520Antu ginseng2016.11.07Antu Ginseng Industry Association16820020Huanren wild ginseng2012.03.28Agricultural and Sideline Product Industry Market Association ofHuanren Manchu Autonomous County10085931Shizhu ginseng2013.01.28Shizhu Ginseng Association of Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County11047769Kuandian wild ginseng2015.11.14Ginseng Association of Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County15150796

Table 5 Geographical indications of ginseng agricultural products

Agricultural productsYear of registrationRegistrantScope of protection of geographical indicationsJian Shizhu ginseng2008Jian Green Food Industry AssociationTaishang Town, Huadian Town, Caiyuan Town, Qinghe Town and Toudao Town, Jian City, Jilin ProvinceJingyu woods-grown gin-seng2010Jingyu Special Product AssociationChisong Township, Mengjiang Township, Sandaohu Town, Huayuankou Town, Longquan Town, Naerhong Town, Jingshan Town and Jingyu Town, Jingyu County, Jilin ProvinceKuandian Shizhu ginseng2012Shizhu Ginseng Association of Kuan-dian Manchu Autonomous CountyShizhuzi Village, Zhenjiang Town, Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning ProvinceBenxi woods-grown gin-seng2012Forestry Industry Development Bureau of Benxi Manchu Autonomous CountyXiaoshi Town, Jianchang Town, Nandian Town, Tianshifu Town, Dongy-ingfang Township, Caohezhang Town, Farm, Benxi Manchu Autonomous County, Liaoning Province

TheNationalGenuineMedicinalMaterialsProductionBaseConstructionPlan(2018-2025) issued by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, shows that the control of Chinese medicinal material planting bases in the post-GAP era is more detailed and stricter, and it is necessary to build a genuine medicinal material standard system, quality inspection system, traceability system,etc. It intends to issue theAuthenticMedicinalMaterialsCataloguein batches to identify the key counties (cities, districts) for the production of genuine medicinal materials. The former State Food and Drug Administration has carried out GAP certification in 196 Chinese medicine bases, of which there are 12 ginseng GAP bases, and these 12 bases are in Jilin Province (Table 6).

4.2 Certification of pollution-free agricultural productsThe Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs stops the certification of pollution-free agricultural products and will establish a certification system for edible agricultural products. The main changes in the certification reform of pollution-free agricultural products are as follows: (i) The power of examination and approval shall be devolved to the province; (ii) The two certificates of product and origin are integrated; (iii) The standards are established; (iv) The application materials are much stricter; (v) The application process is more scientific. (vi) The custom and name are respected. China’s ginseng (fresh) pollution-free agricultural product certification involves Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Jiangxi, Shandong provinces, with a total of 11 enterprises (professional cooperatives,etc.) (Table 7).

Table 6 Ginseng GAP certification

Enterprise nameRelease timePlanting areasJilin Jiayi Local Products Co., Ltd.2015.12.31Xiaoputaogou, Laopokou, Longquanzha, Ershibagongli, Erdaogang, Malugou Town, Changbai County, Jilin ProvinceJilin Zixin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.2015.07.28Erdaogou ginseng farm, Madida Village, Taiping Village, Hunchun City; Yili Village, Machuanzi Town-ship; Balibao Village, Minzhong Village, Huashu Village, Emu Town, Dunhua City; Qinglong Village, Toudao Town, Helong City, Jilin ProvinceJiangsu Suzhong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.2014.05.23Sanan Village, Mijiang Township; Dongala Village, Yangpao Township; Taiyang Village, Banshi Town; Lihua Village, Yingan Township, Hunchun City, Jilin Province Jilin Jian Yisheng Chinese Ginseng Chinese Medicinal Materials Planting Co., Ltd.2014.05.23Shuangcha Village, Dongming Village, Bancha Village, Taishang Town; Mati Village, Xinjian Village, Caiyuan Town; Xi Village, Tuanjie Village, Toudao Town; Gaodi Village, Zhengyi Village, Dalu Town, Jian City, Jilin ProvinceTonghua Baiquan Ginseng Industry Group Co., Ltd.2014.05.23Group five of Yinchang Village, Jiangdong Township, Dongchang District, Tonghua City, Jilin ProvinceJilin Hongjiu Heshantang Ginseng Co., Ltd.2013.01.11Shengli Linchang Village, Dongquan Village, Xiquan Village, Dadingzi Linchang Village, Beigang Town, Fusong County, Jilin ProvinceKangmei Xinkaihe (Jilin) Pharmaceu-tical Co., Ltd.2011.12.19Taiping Ginseng Farm, Fuxing Ginseng Farm, Dalu Ginseng Farm, Shuangcha Ginseng Farm, Jian City, Jilin ProvinceBeijing Tongrentang Jilin Ginseng Co., Ltd.2010.11.12Xujiadian, Mengjiang Township, Jingyu County, Jilin Province; Daxi Forest Farm, Huashu Town, Linjiang Forestry BureauFusong Hongjiu Ginseng Industry Co., Ltd.2007.12.29Shenchang Village, Huashubao, Quanyangban, Choushui Township; Jinbei Linchang Village, Banshihe Village, Donggang Town; Shengli Linchang Village, Dongquan Village, Dadingzi Linchang Village, Beig-ang Town, Fusong County, Jilin ProvinceJian Xinkaihe Co., Ltd.2006.12.25Maxian Township, Yulin Town, Dalu Town, Taishang Town, Qinghe Town, Toudao Town, Jian City, Jilin ProvinceJilin Changbai Shenlong Group Co., Ltd.2004.12.29Baoquanshan ginseng planting area, Nilihe ginseng planting area and Malugou ginseng planting area, Changbai County, Jilin ProvinceBeijing Tongrentang Jilin Ginseng Co., Ltd.2004.03.16Jingyu County and Linjiang County, Jilin Province

Table 7 Certification of pollution-free agricultural product of ginseng (fresh)

ProvincesEnterprise nameAnnualoutput∥tIndicationnumberJilinJian Dadi Ginseng Industry Co., Ltd.2 500WGH-JL01-1800205Jilin Yantian Ginseng Cultivation Research Institute Co., Ltd.70WGH-JL01-1800035Renyi Qiangye American Ginseng Production and Marketing Cooperative, Wanliang Town, Fusong County150WGH-17-21405LiaoningYahe Jifeng Wild Ginseng Planting Professional Cooperative, Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County10WGH-11-05501Yahe Jianfeng Wild Ginseng Planting Base, Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County100WGH-11-15629HeilongjiangBamiantong Forestry Bureau of Heilongjiang Province300WGH-14-10452Hailin Medicinal Materials Planting Professional Cooperative, Boli County0.015WGH-16-11500JiangxiGaoan Nongfuxiang Agricultural Development Co., Ltd.16WGH-JX01-1800578Gaoan Bangfu Medicinal Materials Professional Cooperative80WGH-JX01-1800440Jiangxi Xianshuiyan Ecological Agriculture Co., Ltd.300WGH-16-12789ShandongLumanyuan Institute of Agricultural Biology, Juye County1 500WGH-16-09749

4.3 Green food certification and organic food certificationThe green food certification of ginseng (fresh) in China only involves Heilongjiang Province, and only Beixing Farm in Heilongjiang Province has its indication number LB-23-1709086143A. Ginseng in China has not yet obtained organic food certification.

5 Dominant area of agricultural product with Chinese characteristics (Fusong ginseng) in Fusong County

The establishment of a dominant area for characteristic agricultural products is a new major decision-making arrangement of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.

This is an important innovative measure to further promote the supply-side structural reform of agriculture, bolster up the superior and characteristic industries in rural areas, realize the high-quality development of agriculture, and implement the strategy of rural revitalization. In 2017, the No. 1 document of the CPC Central Committee proposed: "All localities are encouraged to strive to create dominant areas of characteristic agricultural products, such as horticultural products, livestock products, aquatic products, forest products, and so on."TheStrategicPlanforRuralRevitalization(2018-2022) issued by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council requires: "We will create a dominant area of agricultural products with distinctive characteristics, great advantages, and strong market competitiveness, to support the dominant areas of characteristic agricultural products to build standardized production bases, processing bases, warehousing and logistics bases, and to improve the science and technology support system, brand and marketing system, and quality control system, establish a construction and operation mechanism with closely linked interests, and form the characteristic agricultural industrial clusters."

On December 25, 2017, nine departments, including the former Ministry of Agriculture, identified the "List of Dominant Areas for Agricultural Products with Chinese Characteristics (the First Batch)", and a total of 62 were selected, including the dominant area for agricultural product with Chinese characteristics (Fusong ginseng) in Fusong County. Fusong ginseng is the dominant characteristic agricultural product in the dominant area of national characteristic agricultural products.

6 Protection of agricultural intellectual property rights and high-quality development strategy of ginseng

6.1 Inheritance and use of agricultural cultural heritageIt is necessary to investigate the cultural factors such as planting history, culture, production technology and production process of geographical indication ginseng, collect and sort out the relevant intangible cultural heritage, and strive for the national intangible cultural heritage project. It is necessary to investigate the land use system and agricultural landscape for traditional ginseng cultivation, and protect important agricultural cultural heritage in China (CIAHS), such as the traditional cultivation system for Kuandian Shizhu Ginseng in Liaoning Province, and strive for the project of important agricultural cultural heritage in the world (GIAHS). It is necessary to protect and use the Chinese time-honored brand of Huangfengshen ginseng and develop the commercial culture of ginseng. It is necessary to develop tourism products of agricultural cultural heritage, speed up the development of the integration of agriculture and tourism, and establish national demonstration bases for healthy tourism of traditional Chinese medicine, such as Jilin Changbai Mountain Tourism Base and Jilin Shengshi Huaxin Ginseng Tourism Base, so as to promote the development of healthy tourism of traditional Chinese medicine and further extend the industrial chain.

6.2 Establishment of a database of traditional Chinese medicine that can be searched for ginsengIt is necessary to collect and sort out the traditional diet knowledge and traditional medical knowledge of ginseng, especially the related traditional specialty production techniques, traditional medicinal meals, traditional prescriptions,etc., and strive for national intangible cultural heritage projects, establish a database of traditional Chinese medicine that can retrieve ginseng, and protect the intellectual property rights of traditional knowledge of ginseng defensively.

6.3 Protection of biological genetic resourcesIt is necessary to make use of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources to investigate the biological genetic resources of ginseng in detail. It is necessary to make use of Changbai Wild Ginseng Ecological Park Scenic Spot, China’s important agricultural and cultural heritage (traditional cultivation system for Kuandian Shizhu Ginseng), as well as the national nature reserves, national forest parks in the main producing areas,etc., to build a database of germplasm resources and protect ginseng biological genetic resources. It is necessary to strengthen the research on wild breeding and artificial cultivation and domestication.

6.4 Creation of the right to new varieties of ginseng plantsIt is necessary to strengthen the breeding and innovation of improved varieties of ginseng, encourage new agricultural operators and relevant scientific research subjects to artificially cultivate or develop wild ginseng, and create new plant varieties with novelty, specificity, consistency, and stability, apply to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, for the right to new varieties of agricultural plants and strive for independent intellectual property rights for the ginseng seed industry.

6.5 Striving for patent rights at home and abroadWe should encourage innovation based on ginseng traditional knowledge and actively protect traditional knowledge in the form of patents. It is necessary to strengthen the role of agricultural science and technology in supporting the ginseng industry, let scientific and technological innovation become the core grasp for the promotion of the competitiveness of the ginseng industry, the fundamental driving force for the quality of the industry, and the important support for green industry, and actively apply for national patents and overseas patent rights, so as to improve the level of independent scientific and technological innovation and the transformation of achievements, and lead the transformation and upgrading of the ginseng industry.

6.6 Creation of the regional public brand of ginseng geographic indicationIt is necessary to adhere to the concept of quality priority and green development, and actively carry out pollution-free agricultural product certification, green food certification and organic food certification of ginseng, so as to improve the quality of products. We will establish national standards for various geographical indications of ginseng and improve the protection of intellectual property rights in geographical indications. It is necessary to integrate the ginseng regional public brand on the basis of geographical indication, collective trademark, certification trademark and so on. It is necessary to create a regional brand with characteristics and improve the brand level of ginseng industry.

6.7 Construction of genuine medicinal materials production base in the post-GAP eraIt is necessary to investigate the natural factors such as climate, soil, water quality and ginseng species of geographical indication ginseng origin, adhere to the genuine characteristics, optimize the layout, implement the ecologically suitable planting in the areas of origin and poverty, and prevent the blind expansion of planting in unsuitable areas. It is necessary to promote ecological planting technology, mechanized production technology, and information management technology, and build a standardized production system of genuine medicinal materials. It is necessary to improve the standard system, quality inspection system and traceability system of genuine medicinal materials, and build the quality management system of genuine medicinal materials. It is necessary to comprehensively upgrade the construction of the production base of authentic medicinal materials in the post-GAP era, and strive to create key counties (cities, districts) for the production of genuine medicinal materials to be recognized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the State Drug Administration, and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (the specific list will be released in batches according to the Authentic Medicinal Materials Catalogue).

6.8 Construction of genuine medicinal materials processing system and processing industry agglomeration parkIt is necessary to inherit and study the traditional processing technology of authentic medicinal materials, formulate technical norms for processing in ginseng producing areas, strengthen the construction of processing capacity, local storage capacity and comprehensive utilization capacity, and build up the processing system of ginseng native medicinal materials. It is necessary to actively integrate and standardize the development of ginseng processing industrial agglomeration parks, speed up the realization of processing parks, park industrialization, and industrial agglomeration, strengthen the initial and intensive processing of Chinese medicinal materials, and promote the industrialization of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, improve the level of intensive processing and develop medium and high-end products.

6.9 Establishment of dominant areas for national and provincial characteristic agricultural products of ginsengIn accordance with the requirements of theOutlineofthePlanfortheConstructionofDominantAreasofAgriculturalProductswithCharacteristics(2017-2020) issued by the National Development and Reform Commission, it is necessary to build a dominant area of agricultural products with Chinese characteristics in Fusong County. It is necessary to investigate and analyze the industrial characteristic advantages, market mechanism operation effect, leading and demonstration function of all kinds of geographical indication ginseng, and select geographical indication ginseng as the dominant characteristic superior variety. It is necessary to make overall efforts to improve the standard system, strengthen technical support, improve infrastructure, strengthen brand building, cultivate the main body of management, and strengthen the connection of interests and so on, focus on the construction and improvement of the "three bases" (standardized production base, processing base, warehousing and logistics base), "three systems" (science and technology support system, brand construction and marketing system, quality control system) and "one mechanism" (construction and operation mechanism), promote the formation of dominant area system for national and provincial ginseng characteristic agricultural products, and build ginseng industrial cluster.