介词的13个常见考点
2019-07-22吴荣华
吴荣华
专题策划:介词考点全过关
编者按:临近高考,各大语法专题复习过后,可不能把介词落下了。介词虽是虚词,但是相当活跃,随处可见、搭配众多且意义丰富,是高考的必考点,常出现在语法填空、改错和写作的题型中。另外,在写作中恰当运用介词,可以使语言表达更加准确、简练和地道。
at Christmas/dawn/night/present/work/table/a loss/the beginning of/the end of/the top of/the mercy of/the risk of/the sight of
in advance/return/vain/fact/debt/trouble/need/danger/public/time/peace/tears/rags/ruins/the end/the past/a way/a hurry
on show/fire/holiday/sale/time/purpose/behalf/
the basis of
by mistake/chance/turns/coincidence
as a result
to ones surprise/joy/delight/sorrow/regret/disappointment/credit
out of breath/control/sight/fashion/date/order/work/curiosity/place/balance/ones reach
under construction/control/repair/discussion/ones direction
in favor of,in honor of,in memory of,in place of,in case of
in exchange for,in return for
in addition to
in touch with,in common with
(1)be+形容詞+at
be good at,be angry at,be disappointed at
(2)be+形容词+of
be fond of,be afraid of,be full of,be proud of,be aware of,be tired of
(3)be+形容词+with
be angry with,be disappointed with,be popular with,be strict with,be filled with,be busy with,be satisfied with,be covered with,be familiar with
(4)be+形容词+in
be interested in,be rich in,be located in,be dressed in,be absorbed in,be strict in
(5)be+形容词+to
be beneficial to,be harmful to,be similar to,be used to,be down to,be related to,be familiar to
(6)be+形容词+for
be fit for,be late for,be responsible for,be suitable for,be ready for,be famous for,be good/bad for
(7)be+形容词+about
be anxious about,be worry about,be curious about
(8)be+形容词+from
be absent from,be different from,be tired from
(9)be+形容词+on
be based on,be keen on
(1)动词+副词+from
keep away from,get away from,break away from
(2)动词+副词+for
make up for,watch out for
(3)动词+副词+with
come up with,put up with,catch up with,get along with
(4)动词+副词+to
date back to,get close to
(5)动词+副词+其他介词
do well in,look down upon
(1)动词+at
aim at,stare at,glare at,glance at,laugh at
(2)动词+about/of
dream about/of,complain about,consist of
(3)动词+as/through
act/serve as,work as,recognize/consider...as...,go through,look through
(4)动词+for
ask for,pay for,stand for,search for,desire for,send for,enter for,run for,charge for
(5)动词+from
come from,differ from,learn from,benefit from,graduate from,result from
(6)动词+in
succeed in,participate in,result in
(7)动词+on
concentrate on,fall on,focus on, fix(ones attention/eyes)on
(8)动词+to
add to,appeal to,belong to,contribute to,lead to,refer to,stick to,turn to
(9)动词+with
deal with,begin with,communicate with
(10)动词+into
look into,break into,run into,grow into,turn into
(1)動词+名词+in
take part in,show interest in,take pride in
(2)动词+名词+for
show respect for,show concern for
(3)动词+名词+of
take charge of,take care of,take advantage of,make use of,make fun of,catch sight of,lose sight of,get rid of
(4)动词+名词+to
do harm to,pay attention to,attach importance to,give birth to
(5)动词+名词+with
make contact with,get/keep in touch with
(1)动词+sb.+of sth.
rob sb. of sth.,accuse sb. of sth.,remind sb. of sth.
(2)动词+sb.+with sth.
equip sb. with sth.,charge sb. with sth.,provide sb. with sth.
(3)动词+sb.+for sth.
blame sb. for sth.,praise sb. for sth.,punish sb. for sth.
(4)动词+sb.+on sth.
congraduate sb. on sth.
(5)动词+sb.+from doing sth.
prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.,keep sb. from doing sth.
share sth. with sb.,exchange sth. with sb.
(1)表示“在……”:in,on,at
in表示较长的时间,如月份、季节、年份、年代、世纪等,也可泛指上午、下午或晚上。
on表示具体某一天或其上午、下午或晚上等。
at表示时间点,用于具体某时刻或短期假日。
当时间名词前有this,that,last,next,every等限定词时不用介词。
(2)表示“在……之后”:in,after
“in+时间段”表示从现在开始一段时间之后,用于一般将来时。
“after+时间段”表示过去开始一段时间之后,常与过去时连用,相当于“时间段+later”。
“after+时间点”表示过去或将来。
(3)表示“在……以内”:in,within
“in+时间段”用于过去时。
“within+时间段”用于过去时或将来时。
(4)表示“在……以前”:ago,before
“时间段+ago”指从现在算起,用于一般过去时。
“时间段+before”指从过去算起,用于过去完成时。
表示在某时间点以前时,只用before,不用ago。
(5)by,before,until
by后接时间点,表示到某时为止(含某时)。
before后接时间点,表示在某时之前(不含某时)。
until意为“直到某时为止”,表示持续到某时。
(6)表示“在……期间”:during,through/through?鄄out,over
during后接时间段,尤其在某些事件或活动(如stay,visit,meal)前,宜用during。
through/throughout意为“贯穿……期间”。
over意为“过完一段时间”。
(7)表示时间段:for,since
“for+时间段”表示持续一段时间。
“since+时间点”表示从过去延续到现在的一段时间。
(1)表示“上下”:on(垂直接触,上面),beneath(垂直接触,下面),above(斜上方),below(斜下方),over(垂直,正上方),under(垂直,正下方)。
(2)表示“里外”:in,inside,outside within。
(3)表示“前后”:in front of(用于建筑前),in the front of(用于外部空間的前面),before(用于某人前),behind,at the back of。
(4)表示“附近”:near,beside/by,beyond,across,close to,next to。
(5)表示“周围”:about,around,round。
(1)表示动向:into(进入),out of(从……出来),through(从物体内部穿过),across(从物体表面通过),by/past(从旁边经过),over(从上空经过),along(沿着),down(沿……而下),up(沿……而上),from(从),to(到),off(离开),onto(上去)。
(2)表示原因:for,because of,owing to,due to,on account of,as a result of都表示“因为,由于”;thanks to表示“幸亏,由于”。
(3)表示方式:常接交通工具或通信工具的介词有by,in,on等;表示“用……”的介词有with,in等;表示“通过……”的介词有by,through等。
(4)表示除外:besides,in addition to表示“除……之外”,包括后面的部分;except,but表示“除了……之外”,排除后面的部分;apart from相当于besides/except。
(5)表示举例:such as,including,like。
(1)表示计量:at表示计量时,意为“以……(价格/速度/代价)”。
(2)表示范围:in表示环境范围,in后面的名词和主语不是同一概念范畴;of/among表示对象范围,of后面的名词和主语是同一概念范畴;between表示在两者之间,among表示在三者或三者以上之间。
(3)表示让步:despite,in spite of,regardless of。
(4)呈现主题:about,on,concerning,regarding,with regard to,as to。
(5)呈现观点:according to,as for。
(1)as,like与with:意为“像……一样”时,as是连词,like是介词;意为“随着”时,as是连词,with是介词;as作介词时,意为“作为”。
(2)in:可表示“在……方面”。
(3)for:可表目的,意为“为了”。
(4)from:表示起点或来源,意为“从,来自”。
(5)with与without:with表示“具有,带有;与……一起”;without表示“没有”。