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福州市单中心腹膜透析患者终止治疗危险因素分析

2019-07-13王芳黄丽丽陈宇清黄丽钗

中国实用医药 2019年18期
关键词:腹膜透析危险因素分析

王芳 黄丽丽 陈宇清 黄丽钗

【摘要】 目的 分析福州市单中心持续非卧床腹膜透析(CAPD)患者终止治疗的危险因素, 为透析方式的选择提供参考, 从而早期采取措施降低终止率。方法 212例行CAPD治疗患者, 均实施腹膜透析管植入术, 研究终点为术后行CAPD治疗3年, 到研究终点仍行 CAPD治疗的患者为维持CAPD组, 3年内终止CAPD治疗患者为终止CAPD组, 终止CAPD组根据转归分为死亡组和转血液透析组。比较三组患者性别、年龄、文化程度、原发病、术前实验室指标水平, 分析患者死亡原因、转血液透析原因。结果 212例患者中, 终止CAPD治疗47例, 占22.17%, 其中33例死亡, 占终止治疗的70.21%;

14例转血液透析, 占终止治疗的29.79%。死亡组患者年龄为(63.85±6.16)岁, 明显高于维持 CAPD组的(52.42±7.59)岁, 差异具有统计学意义(t=8.127, P<0.05);转血液透析组患者初中及以下文化程度所占比例为85.71%, 明显高于维持CAPD组的56.36%, 差异具有统计学意义(χ2=4.584, P<0.05)。死亡组患者糖尿病肾病所占比例为36.36%, 明显高于维持CAPD组的16.36%, 差异具有统计学意义(χ2=6.950, P<0.05)。转血液透析组患者术前血肌酐水平为(967.95±39.07)μmol/L, 明显高于维持 CAPD组的(933.27±58.73)μmol/L, 差异具有统计学意义(t=2.166, P<0.05);死亡组、转血液透析组患者术前血红蛋白水平分别为(76.66±7.15)、(73.53±7.21)g/L, 明显低于维持 CAPD组的(81.86±6.22)g/L, 差异具有统计学意义(t=-4.273、-4.751, P<0.05)。CAPD患者死亡的第一位原因为脑血管疾病, 占39.39%;第二位原因为心血管疾病, 占21.21%。CAPD患者轉血液透析的第一位原因为腹膜炎, 占50.00%。结论 CAPD

患者终止治疗的第一位原因是死亡, 第二位是转血液透析;导致死亡的危险因素有高龄、原发病糖尿病肾病、术前血红蛋白低、并发心脑血管疾病, 转血液透析的危险因素有文化程度低、术前血肌酐高及血红蛋白低、并发腹膜炎。

【关键词】 腹膜透析;终止;危险因素;分析

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2019.18.006

Analysis of risk factors for termination treatment in patients with single-center peritoneal dialysis in Fuzhou   WANG Fang, HUANG Li-li, CHEN Yu-qing, et al. Second Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350001, China

【Abstract】 Objective   To analyze the risk factors of termination treatment in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients in Fuzhou single center, so as to provide reference for the selection of dialysis methods, and take early measures to reduce the termination rate. Methods   A total of 212 patients were treated with CAPD, and peritoneal dialysis tube implantation was performed. The study ended at 3 years after CAPD treatment. Patients still treated with CAPD at the end of the study were taken as maintained CAPD group, and patients terminated CAPD treatment within 3 years were taken as terminated CAPD group. Terminated CAPD group were divided by outcome into death group and hemodialysis group. The gender, age, education level, primary disease and preoperative laboratory index levels of the three groups were compared, and the causes of death and hemodialysis were analyzed. Results   Of the 212 patients, 47 cases discontinued CAPD, accounting for 22.17%, of which 33 cases died, accounting for 70.21% of termination treatment cases, and 14 cases underwent hemodialysis, accounting for 29.79% of termination treatment cases. Death group had obviously higher age as (63.85±

6.16) years old than (52.42±7.59) years old in maintained CAPD group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=8.127, P<0.05). Hemodialysis group had obviously higher proportion of junior high school and below as 85.71% than 56.36% in maintained CAPD group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=4.584, P<0.05). Death group had obviously higher proportion of diabetic nephropathy as 36.36% than 16.36% in maintained CAPD group, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.950, P<0.05). Hemodialysis group had obviously higher preoperative serum creatinine level as (967.95±39.07) μmol/L than (933.27±58.73) μmol/L

in maintained CAPD group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=2.166, P<0.05). Death group and hemodialysis group had obviously lower preoperative hemoglobin level as (76.66±7.15) and (73.53±7.21) g/L

than (81.86±6.22) g/L in maintained CAPD group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=-4.273, -4.751, P<0.05). The leading cause of death in CAPD patients was cerebrovascular disease, accounting for 39.39%, followed by cardiovascular disease, accounting for 21.21%. Peritonitis was the first cause of hemodialysis in CAPD patients, accounting for 50.00%. Conclusion   The leading cause of termination treatment for CAPD patients is death, followed by hemodialysis. The risk factors leading to death are old age, primary diabetic nephropathy, low preoperative hemoglobin and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. The risk factors of hemodialysis are low education level, high preoperative creatinine and low preoperative hemoglobin, and complicated with peritonitis.

【Key words】 Peritoneal dialysis; Termination; Risk factors; Analysis

近年來, 全球范围内慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者不断增长, CKD发展为终末期肾病(ESRD)数量逐年增多[1, 2]。这种情况是公共卫生问题之一, 而且引起全世界关注[3]。ESRD重要的肾脏替代治疗方法是CAPD, 并且操作简便, 血流动力学稳定, 能有效保护残余肾功能[4]。但由于各种原因, 部分患者终止了CAPD治疗。本研究统计分析福州市单腹膜透析中心CAPD治疗患者的资料, 探讨终止治疗的危险因素, 以期为临床提供参考。现报告如下。

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 选取2012年1月~2017年12月于福州市单个腹膜透析中心进行 CAPD治疗的212例患者为研究对象。纳入标准:①实施腹膜透析管植入术时间为2012年1月~2014年12月;②术后行CAPD治疗;③腹膜透析资料完整。排除标准:①转肾移植患者;②失访患者。

1. 2 研究方法 研究终点为术后行CAPD治疗3年, 到研究终点仍行 CAPD治疗的患者为维持CAPD组, 3年内终止CAPD治疗患者为终止CAPD组, 终止CAPD组根据转归分为死亡组和转血液透析组。记录三组患者性别、年龄、文化程度、原发病、术前实验室指标(血肌酐、血尿素氮、血白蛋白、血红蛋白)水平, 分析患者死亡原因、转血液透析原因。

1. 3 统计学方法 采用SPSS21.0统计学软件对研究数据进行统计分析。计量资料以均数±标准差( x-±s)表示, 采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

2. 1 患者终止CAPD转归分析 212例患者中, 终止CAPD治疗47例, 占22.17%, 其中33例死亡, 占终止治疗的70.21%;14例转血液透析, 占终止治疗的29.79%。

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