大英图书馆分享创新发展:馆藏数字化惠及全球阅读者

□ 文 图/本刊记者 刘丁睿 Article&Picture/Journalist Liu Dingrui Translator/Du Fei

“21世纪开放、创意和革新的大英图书馆”讲座在重庆图书馆举行。

图书馆如何迎接信息化时代的挑战？馆藏数字化建设将面临哪些机遇和难题？保留图书馆传统文化底蕴的同时，如何创新发展和满足读者新的需求和期望？

3月31日，英国驻重庆总领事馆在重庆图书馆举办了“21世纪开放、创意和革新的大英图书馆”讲座，邀请大英图书馆文教部主任杰米·安德鲁斯就以上问题与观众展开深入探讨，并分享大英图书馆丰富而创新的馆藏、主题展览及社会包容性项目和数字化项目。

How do libraries meet challenges at the information age of the 21st century? What are the opportunities and difficulties for the digital construction of their collection? How to develop in an innovative way and meet the new demands and expectations of readers while preserving the traditional cultural heritage of the library?

On March 31,the British Consulate General in Chongqing held a lecture in Chongqing Library on “The Open,Creative and Innovative British Library in the 21st Century”.Jamie Andrews,Head of culture and learning department of British Library,was invited to have in-depth discussions with the audience on the above issues and he also shared British Library’s rich and innovative collections,thematic exhibitions,social inclusion projects and digital projects with the audience.

英国国家图书馆——大英图书馆，位于英国伦敦和西约克郡，是世界上最大的学术图书馆之一。前身是1753年成立的大英博院图书馆，为高校、商业机构、研究机构和科研单位提供全球范围内顶尖的信息服务，以及为人们接触世界上最大、最全面的研究藏品提供渠道。大英图书馆拥有超过1.5亿件馆藏品，包括《大宪章》和达芬奇手稿在内的各种文字和语言的图书、刊物、手稿、地图、邮票、执照、照片、报纸、录音等。

“图书馆的价值在于实现知识共享。每年有近千万人浏览大英图书馆网站。在这个网站上，人们可以浏览超过4000页的400多万件数字化馆藏。”英国驻重庆总领事艾佩诗表示，未来英国驻重庆总领事馆将继续支持大英图书馆积极开展读书交流及拓展活动等，加强大英图书馆与重庆的图书馆建立合作关系。

Located in London and West Yorkshire,the British National Library,also known as the British Library,is one of the largest academic libraries in the world.Its predecessor was the library of the British Museum established in 1753,which provides top-notch information services worldwide for universities,commercial organizations,research institutions and scientific research institutions,as well as channels for people to access to the largest and most comprehensive research collections in the world.The British Library boasts a collection of more than 150 million books,publications,manuscripts,maps,stamps,licenses,photographs,newspapers,sound recordings,etc.in various characters and languages,including the Great Charter and Leonardo da Vinci’s manuscripts.

“The value of the library lies in the realization of knowledge sharing.Nearly ten million people visit the website of British Library each year.On this website,people can browse more than 4 million digital collections with more than 4,000 pages.” said Ms.Cecille Elbelebidl,Consul General of The British Consulate General in Chongqing.She indicated that in the future the Consulate General will continue to support the British Library to actively carry out reading exchanges and expansion activities,thus strengthening the cooperation between the British Library and libraries in Chongqing.

为读者打造多元化的交流研习空间

英国大英图书馆文教部主任杰米·安德鲁斯，曾负责大英图书馆文献典藏发展项目。策划过多场文学和戏剧主题展览，带领国际文化及研究等合作项目，并参与许多数字化艺术项目。同时，他也是Clore领袖培训计划成员，Oxford House的理事委员，且在文化及高等教育部门中也有非执行领导的经验。

大英图书馆文教部主任杰米·安德鲁斯就21世纪图书馆面临的机遇和挑战与听众展开深入探讨。

Create Diversified Communication and Study Space for Readers

Jamie Andrews was once in charge of the British Library Document Collection Development Project.He planned many literary and dramatic exhibitions,led international cultural and research cooperation projects,and participated in many digital art projects.At the same time,he is also a member of the Clore Leadership Programme,and a board member of Oxford House.He also has the experience as nonexecutive leadership in the cultural and higher education sectors.

“Libraries at the information age of the 21st century are facing new challenges. In the past,people came to the library mainly to look for materials or borrow books. Now,readers have new demands and expectations for the library,” Jamie Andrews said.He thinks that we are in a fast-growing digital era,so people are increasingly accustomed to and even rely on mobile terminals,which prompts us to rethink and redefine the mission and functions of library.We are eager to embrace new technologies and meet the demands and expectations of readers.

Jamie Andrews said that “Generally speaking,when people enter into the library,they will be required to read quietly.But readers nowadays are not just looking for a quiet place to read,they need a physical space to discuss and communicate with others.At present,the British Library has provided ideal study space for readers.We have transformed the space in library according to different scientific research needs,setting up independent research rooms and multimedia editing rooms,etc.We have created hybrid libraries to provide more targeted and personalized services for people.” In the future British Library will also refer to and learn from the physical space layout of celebrity bookstores on the internet to create more diversified reading space for readers.

“21世纪信息化时代下的图书馆面临着新的挑战。过去人们来到图书馆主要是查找资料或借阅书籍等。而今，读者对图书馆有了新的需求与期望。”杰米·安德鲁斯说，我们正处在高速发展的数字时代，人们日益习惯甚至依赖于移动终端，促使我们重新思考和界定图书馆的使命和职能。我们渴望拥抱新技术，满足读者的需求与期望。

“一般来说，当人们进入图书馆就会被要求安静地读书，但现如今的读者并不仅仅是寻找一个安静读书的地方，他们需要一个物理空间进行讨论交流。目前，大英图书馆内已为读者提供了理想的研习空间，我们根据不同科研需要改造图书馆空间，设立独立研究室、多媒体编辑室等，我们创造混合型图书馆，为人们提供更具针对性、个性化的服务。”杰米·安德鲁斯表示，未来大英图书馆还会参考和学习网红书店的物理空间布置，为读者打造更加丰富多元化的阅读空间。

数字化建设提高馆藏资源使用率

杰米·安德鲁斯称，在互联网时代，大英图书馆的核心任务就是实现存储、保护、管理数字信息，让人们能够更加充分地接触和了解图书馆馆藏。例如，将一部分甲骨文馆藏通过数字化扫描，然后利用3D技术打印出来，供人们近距离观看和学习。大英图书馆将全面收集保存英国的原生数字化史料，力图使大英图书馆成为一个国家存储机构，从而尽可能使大部分馆藏维持着最高的使用率。

“为此，大英图书馆推出了一个名为‘微课’的项目。我们将19世纪以来的一部分馆藏数字化上传到网络供人们阅读。”杰米·安德鲁斯很高兴看到，许多年轻的艺术家通过在线阅读从中获得灵感，并创造出新的艺术作品，他们将这些作品带到大英图书馆与更多的人分享。未来，大英图书馆将依靠现代科技，对42种物理形式的大约650万个音频产品进行数字化保存，并为用户提供更好的阅读体验。

2015年，大英图书馆发布了新战略计划——“鲜活的知识”英国图书馆联盟。该联盟旨在实现大英图书馆与英国22家主要图书馆，以及苏格兰国家图书馆、威尔士国家图书馆的互助合作，将图书馆以一种新的方式连结起来，从而实现共享资源、技能、创意，推动图书馆21世纪的可持续价值，让知识遗产惠及全世界更多的人。

杰米·安德鲁斯参观重庆图书馆。 图片/英国驻重庆总领事馆提供

Increase Utilization Rate of Collection Resources through Digital Construction

Jamie Andrews said that in the Internet era,British Library’s core task is to store,protect and manage digital information,so that people can more fully contact and understand the library collection.For example,part of Oracle’s collection is scanned digitally and then printed out in 3D technology for people to watch and learn at close range.British Library will comprehensively collect and preserve the original digital historical materials of Britain,and try to make the world British Library a national storage institution,so as to maintain the highest use efficiency of most collections as much as possible.

“For this reason,British Library has launched a project called‘microlecture’.We have digitized and uploaded some of our collections since the 19th century to the Internet for people to read.” Jamie Andrews is very happy to see that many young artists get inspiration from online reading and create new artistic works.Then they bring these works to the British Library to share with more people.In the future,British Library will rely on modern technology to digitally store about 6.5 million audio products in 42 physical forms and provide better reading experience for users.”

In 2015,the British Library released a new strategic plan,the“Living Knowledge Network”.The alliance aims to achieve mutual cooperation between the British Library and 22 major libraries in Britain,as well as the Scottish National Library and the Welsh National Library.In order to promote the sustainable value of the library in the 21st century and make the knowledge heritage benefit more people around the world,the library should be connected in a new way to realize the sharing of resources,skills and creativity.