如何把握书面表达中正反两方面观点的立场？

Penelope

高三上学期的期中考试（也称“摸底考试”）刚刚结束，我们便迫不及待地分析下书面表达的呈现形式。徐州市高三摸底考试的书面表达在命题之前就被要求严格按照2018年江苏高考的模式命制。命题人很好地遵循了这一原则。

2018年江苏高考英语试卷的书面表达是针对Li Jiang和Su Hua的两篇日记谈谈如何看待消费排名，理由2～3个支撑看法。徐州市的这篇书面表达也同样编制了Li Jiang和Su Hua的两篇日记，要求说的是对在线教育app学习的看法，支持还是反对，给出2～3个理由。类似的作文在2016年江苏高考中也出现过，那一年写的是对网络投票的看法，文本中也是LiJjiang和Su Hua两个人，一个对网络投票欣赏，一个表示厌烦。这三篇书面表达在写作内容中都要求考生用论据支撑自己的看法，这是重点。这类作文不是思辨，不可以支持和反对同时阐述。阅卷过程中凡是遇到正反两个方面同样分量写的作文都会被判在不及格之下。原因有两点，一是对题目要求没有领悟;二是“生活中我们从不喜欢没有立场的人”（某权威阅卷组长的话）。所以明确立场，把握好角度关键词，教会学生如何在这类作文中胜出，至少不能失去不该失的分是我们的当务之急。

下面是徐州市摸底考试的书面表达，我们就来看看优秀的同学是怎样按要求呈现自己的看法的，这些习作不是最好的，但是值得我们学习。

（徐州市2018～2019学年度高三年级第一学期期中抽测）

第五部分：书面表达（满分25分）

81. 请阅读下面文字，并按照要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

Li Jiang

When I was in the primary school，I often met with problems which I could not work outon my own，especially in English and arithmetic. So I downloaded an online educational appnamed Zuoyebang. Since then，I have been using several kinds of such softwares，for example，Xuebajun and Haofenshu. Whenever I have a problem，I will tum to them. As a result，my studyhas been progressing steadily. I will strongly recommend these apps to my friends.

Su Hua

After entering the senior high，I found I had more and more difficulty learning maths andEnglish. As many online learning products are quite popular among other students，my parents subscribed to one for me too. After that，however，I feel as if I were going to two schools，onereal-world school and one online school. Every day I have endless exercises to do and feel verytired. Worse still，I feel I have lost interest in my study now. What shall I do？

[寫作内容]

1. 用约30词概括上述利用在线教育app学习的现象;

2. 你是支持还是反对利用在线教育app学习？请谈谈你的看法，并用2～3个理由或论据支撑你的看法。

[写作要求]

1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句;

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称;

3. 不必写标题。

我们先看看30词概括的范文：

Possible version one：

As the Internet combines deeply with education，online learning apps are springing up. Manystudents have adopted them as efficient learning tools，which may also have negative effects onother students.

Possible version two：

Nowadays，Internet-based learning products are enjoying growing popularity. These apps，easyto access，are playing an increasingly important role in some students' study. However，results aresometimes unsatisfactory.

上面的两篇范文中30词概括的共同之处是，先总写在线学习越来越受到人们的欢迎，而且对学生学习确实有很大的辅助作用，然后提及其也有负面影响。这是抓住了重点，合乎章法的做法，且语言精练，表达中肯，为过渡到第二段很好地发挥了启下的作用。

2018年江苏高考英语作文的30词概括是对人们依据消费排名购物的看法，也是不同人有不同观点，范文是这样呈现的：

As a major channel of consumption information，the rating is an efficient source of information for shopping in our own consumption. Increasingly，the same rating may have different influences on different consumers.

聰明的读者不难看出这个30词概括和，上面的相似程度，所以有人就仿写这个模式，把徐州摸底考试的作文写成这样：

With online learning products springing up in the market，students have alternative approaches to learning outside school. Interestingly，the same online learning apps may have different influences on different students.

仿写真的是一个很不错的主意啊！

第二段主题句是我们最关注的问题——必须明确表达赞成或者反对！我们先看看范文的形式：

赞成观点：

In my opinion，online learning apps are an inseparable part of a student's life and should be welcomed. After all，they are of great help to our study. For example，when I meet with a problem I can't work out after a few attempts，【|】will turn to my tutors there. A simple click of the button will bring me the answers，often with detailed analysis and different solutions. Besides，by participating inactivities such as talent shows on such websites，I have enjoyed myself and gained confidence.

反对观点：

To be frank，I hold a negative attitude towards online learning products. First and foremost，they are mostly examination-oriented，and their websites are flooded with exercises and test papers. As a consequence，they are actually increasing our pressure instead of reducing our academic burdens. Worse still，with the aim to make profits some apps also offer games and chatting rooms. Once we become addicted to them and get lost，not only will we waste our money and energy but we will also be distracted from our studies.

无论是赞成还是反对，两个版本都在段落的第一句中给出了明确的立场。赞成的论据是两点，一是有帮助（ofgreathelp），并用例子说明;另一是有趣且能获得自信（enjoyedmyselfandgainedconfidence）。作者使用一一个连接词“Besides”连接两点内容。表达反对观点时，作者也说两点：增加额外压力（increasingourpressure）和浪费钱和精力，分散学习注意力（wasteourmoneyandenergy;bedistractedfromourstudies）。下面是学生们的习作，看看他们是从哪些角度写自己的支持和反对的。

Student 1

From my perspective，I firmly believe that their advantages outweigh their disadvantages. Three indispensable reasons lie in my point of view. First and foremost，online apps undoubtedlyequip students with opportunities to study without any restriction on time and occasions. To acertain extent，they add a new dimension to study，thus arousing many students' enthusiasm andmotivation in otherwise flat schoolwork. Secondly，chances are that students are confronted withample difficult questions，which，if not handled on time，will be detrimental to their passion in study. Consequently，online educational apps should be given priority to when teachers are not in ourcompany. Additionally，online educational apps are indeed beneficial to those with independenceand innovation in study who can improve their effectiveness and regularly consider what theyvelearned.

Student 2

From where I stand，I hold a positive attitude towards online educational apps. Quite a fewreasons give rise to my opinion. Firstly，faced with many problems，as a student，sometimes ourteacher can't help us in time and we can turn to online learning products for help. Secondly，throughonline learning products，we can wrestle with problems in different dimensions and polish up ourlearning skills. Thirdly，it is very convenient for us to learn from online educational apps regardless oftime and places.

Student3

I am against the online education. I admit that these apps can help us in some ways，but inthe long term，we may develop a sense of reliance，making us lose faith in our own ability andconstantly seek the so-called right answers. Also，traditional wisdom has it that no pain no gain. If we use apps too much，we might be inclined to copying the answer without careful thoughts，weakening our thinking skills. Furthermore，exercises are used to test how we learn instead of whatthe answer actually is. Take my own experience for example. I once downloaded the Zuoyebangand used it almost every day. Since then，my grades have kept falling. Luckily，I have mended myways and made progress on my own.

這三篇习作语言老练地道，条理清晰，逻辑性强，立场鲜明地表明观点，是学生们学习的榜样。