语法填空题专题导练

李华军

从最近三年高考真题来看，全国Ⅰ卷的考情如下表所示：

注意：全国Ⅱ卷和Ⅲ卷与上述规律有出入。

建议考全国Ⅰ卷的考生将以上表格背熟，然后每次做语法填空题之前都将此表默写出来，然后再开始做题，即“先列考点再做题”。

助记：

纯空题：纯空就考连介冠（与“廉洁官”大致同音）。

给词题：名词复数考1题，谓非谓转比较级。

其它：纯空宾语填it，给了it填its。（即若纯空处于宾语的位置，就填it）

特别提醒：以上考点是据已考高考题总结的，但在今年或今后的高考中，可能因所选命题材料的不同会出现新的情况。因此，在考场中要从实际出发，既要了解规律，但又不要拘于规律。

高考真题回顾

2018年全國Ⅰ卷

According to a review of evidence in a medical journal， runners live three years      61    （long）than non-runners. You dont have to run fast or for long      62    （see）the benefit. You may drink， smoke， be overweight and still reduce your risk of      63     （die）early by running.

While running regularly cant make you live forever， the review says it      64    （be）more effective at lengthening life      65    walking， cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014      66     showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all      67     （cause）.

The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise ... its probably running. To avoid knee pain， you can run on soft surfaces， do exercises to      68    （strength）your leg muscles（肌肉），avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap， easy and its always      69     （energy）. If you are time poor， you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports， so perhaps we should all give      70     a try.

2017年全国Ⅰ卷

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend， which was started by the medical community（医学界）     61     a method of fighting heart disease， has had some unintended side      62     （effect）such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required      63    （process）the food that we eat， to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt      64    （remove）from food， the food tastes as if it is missing something. As      65     result， people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even      66     （bad）， the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food      67   （be）full of fat and salt; by      68    （eat）more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.

Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack（吃点心）between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However， be      69    （care）not to go to extremes. Like anything， it is possible to have too much of both，      70     is not good for the health.

2016年全國I卷

Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires， Asias biggest building， and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me， pandas are its top      61    （attract）.

So it was a great honour to  be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base， where ticket money helps pay for research. I      62    （allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow， I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be      63    （official）given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back      64     my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s，      65     I was the first Western TV reporter      66    （permit）to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include      67    （introduce）British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.

On my recent visit， I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by      68    （it）mother. The nursery team switches him every few      69    （day）with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed，      70     other is with mum—she never suspects.

2015年全国I卷

Yangshuo， China

It was raining lightly when I      61    （arrive）in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didnt care. A few hours      62    ， Id been at home in Hong Kong， with      63    （it）choking smog. Here， the air was clean and fresh， even with the rain.

Id skipped nearby Guilin， a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River      64     are pictured by artists in so many Chinese      65    （painting）. Instead， Id headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin， its only an hour away      66     car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.

Yangshuo      67    （be）really beautiful. A study of travelers      68    （conduct）by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent， a travel company in Hong Kong， says it      69    （regular）arranges quick getaways here for people      70    （live）in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

2014年全國I卷

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix？

In 1969， the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland， Ohio. It      61    （be）unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it      62    （actual）caught fire and burned. Now， years later， this river is one of      63     most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasnt changed in a few days      64     even a few months. It took years of work      65    （reduce）the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally， that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is      66    （clean）than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit      67    is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or dont know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation， dont you want a quick fix and something to change immediately？

While there are      68    （amaze）stories of instant transformation， for most of us the      69    （change）are gradual and require a lot of effort and work， like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be      70    （patience）.

各市模拟题精选

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。

（一）

（2019届四川内江二诊）A few years ago， after a long morning of sightseeing in New York， my children and I took a breath on a park bench in Central Park.

“Look！”my son said，     1    （point）to a nearby dustbin. Thats when we saw our first raccoon（浣熊）. He paid us no attention， concentrating only on looking for a      2    （tast）lunch. He sorted through a few options before finding a wrapped sandwich.

Satisfied， he jumped down with      3     held carefully between his paws and       4    （casual）went to a spot on the path， not a meter from      5     we sat. The children were strongly attracted by the raccoon that provided      6    （good）entertainment for them， of course， including me， than any museum.

He glanced at us， perhaps      7    （make）sure that we werent about to take away his lunch. With his delicate      8    （finger）， he tore up the plastic wrap. Then， he surprised us all. Instead of starting his food， he turned to a nearby small pool of rainwater and      9    （dip） his hands in. With an elegant air， he washed his hands underwater      10     a moment， and then cleaned his whiskers（胡須）. After that， he turned back and started enjoying his meal like a gentleman.

（二）

（2019届福建泉州一模）Hunter Adams spent many years in a special hospital for people with mental health problems， and he was unhappy. When he left hospital， he went to Medical School in Virginia， USA， where he did things in a      1    （difference）way. For example， when he visited his patients， he wore shirts with      2    （flower）on them in an effort to make them laugh.He spent a lot of time with children in the hospital， putting a special red nose on his face to look      3     a clown（小丑）.

Adams believed that people in hospital need      4     （much）than medicine， trying      5    （help）them not only as patients， but also as people. When he finished medical school， he opened his own hospital called“The Gesundheit Institute”. He wanted      6     to be a place with a special way of      7    （communicate）with sick people.

In 1998， Universal Pictures      8    （produce）a film about Hunter Adams. It was very successful. In the film， Robin Williams played Adams. Williams said，“Hunter is a      9    （true）warm person， believing that patients need a doctor      10     is a friend. I enjoyed playing him.”

（三）

（2019屆河北邯郸一模）In his book， Intentional Living， author John Maxwell shares that back in 1976， he received a gift from one of his      1    （assistant）. As he unwrapped the gift， he saw that it was a book named The Greatest Story Ever Told. He couldnt wait      2    （read）it.

But when he opened the book， he was      3    （astonish）to see that the pages were blank. Inside the book was      4     note that said，“John， your life is before you. Fill these pages with kind acts and good thoughts of your heart. Write a great story about your life.”The intention of      5    （write）the story of his life excited him. Then， he      6   （begin）to write his book.

Every day we live out our story through our words， actions and decisions. But we must remember to live with intention to focus on what      7    （matter）most in life. Without intention， we can become unfocused in things      8     neednt add to a life of significance and difference in our world.

Life isnt perfect and its always hard， so we need reminders in our life      9     afriend， author， blogger， pastor or our inner spirit to refocus us on the things that matter and make us live      10    （positive）.

（四）

（2019屆河北石家庄质检）A material can be really special when it was named after the place      1     it was created originally. Thats certainly the case with “china”. And of all types of china， white porcelain（瓷）is among      2     most famous.

Nowadays， the      3    （tradition）material has taken on a modern look in the      4    （hand）of four Chinese artists in the Modern White Porcelain Exhibition. And the key word here is“modern”. One of the works      5    （be）a porcelain boat. But look      6    （attentive）and youll see that the boat     7    （build） with porcelain looks like a takeout box. Inside the boat is a statue of a baby. The baby stands for humans and the boat is      8     supports life. It suggests we may have done some damage      9      the environment and that were treating life like fast food.

All the four artists gave white porcelain a modem style， each in      10    （they）own way. And this is what the exhibitions theme comes from. Its a dialogue between the past and the present.

（五）

（2019届安徽合肥第二次质检）The game of Go（围棋） is an important board game with origins in China from more than 4，000 years ago. In China， Go      1    （recognize）as“hand conversations”， through which players communicate with each other. The metaphor（比喻）first      2    （use）by a master of the Jin Dynasty， reflects the nature of the game. While scholars of his time often lost      3    （they）in philosophical（哲学的）debates on life and universe， he preferred to play Go，      4     he believed was full of hows and whys of life.

Master Go players often feel as if they were playing a real-life game： sometimes one can move forward， while at other times， one must slow down; sometimes one can      5    （direct）face the challenger， at other times one must take      6     indirect approach. Appropriate placement of each tiny Go piece is similar      7     how one might solve a difficult problem of life. The purpose of      8    （play）Go is not just to win but also to seek      9    （wise）through the process. The players unite with each other on the board. Instead of fighting as      10    （enemy），they cooperate to play a good game. One thoughtless move could ruin the enjoyment.

（六）

（2019届四川攀枝花二模）Since the beginning of the 21st century， artificial intelligence（AI）     1    （find）its way in different areas in the entertainment industry. Disney， which is one of the worlds leading entertainment      2    （company）， has decided to make use of the technology in its theme parks，      3     robot cartoon characters will soon walk among guests. Disney has also its robot Mickey Mouse and Donald Duck to communicate      4     tourists.

“I think AI is going to be      5    （great）important for what we do，”said Jon Snoddy， an official of the entertainment company. “Robot characters that can move around among our guests need to understand where theyre going and know      6     to behave in a world with humans.”

However， the company also      7    （know）some of the fears surrounding AI. Scaring kids wont be part of what we do，” said Mr. Snoddy.“We will go and do tests in our parks to find out what kids find      8    （interest）about these things. We will carry out tests      9    （make）sure the robot characters make a positive      10    （impress）on kids.”

（七）

（2019屆四川自贡一诊）A trend is sweeping the Internet where women are holding up pieces of A4 printer paper      1    （show）how tiny their waists are. To be narrower than a piece of A4 you need to have roughly a 25-inch waist or less，      2     is much thinner than the 35-inch average American waist， practically impossible for most human beings.

While many trends come and go， this one is particularly worrying as it is absolutely focused on weight. Reviewers have severely criticized the strange trend towards pressuring women to try to reach      3     unachievable goal， for there is no such thing as pretty enough， skinny enough， attractive enough. Even the      4    （star）of Hollywood such as Jennifer Aniston and Nicole Kidman are lack      5     confidence. It      6    （explain）why women who have cosmetic surgery（整容手术）always want to do more. Perfection does not actually exist.

Psychologists have all proven that confidence comes not from ones      7    （appear）or figure， but from knowing      8     （you）and developing your talents. In fact，      9    （spend）time focusing on your looks weakens your confidence. Everybody is beautiful， not just the thin ones， because inner beauty shines      10    （bright）than any hair， skin， or teeth.

（八）

（2019届山东青岛一模）There are many reasons      1    college and university students often fail to get full nights of sleep. They might not be used to having total      2    （free）in how they plan their      3    （day）and nights. Parties， late night study meetings， or just time spent relaxing      4     friends—these are all things that cut into college students sleep habits.

A few years ago， Michael Scullin began teaching the science of sleep to psychology students at Baylor University in Waco， Texas. Scullin is      5     assistant professor at Baylor and the director of its Sleep Neuroscience and Cognition Laboratory. He says his students seemed to enjoy the class and      6    （be）interested in the material he was teaching. The class centered round why the body needs to sleep and the physical and mental health problems      7    （cause）by a lack of sleep. This includes difficulty focusing on studies or      8    （control）ones emotions， and increased risk of many diseases.

The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that adults need at least seven hours of sleep a night to stay      9    （health）. Scullin found students who slept more performed      10    （good） in two different classes， and he published his findings in two academic publications last November.

（九）

（2019屆河省六市一模）There are many great destinations in the UK， one of      1     is the South-West of England. The most popular regions surrounding the South-West      2    （be）the counties of Devon and Cornwall. They are by the coast and known for having some of      3     sunniest weather in the UK.

In the heart of the South-West， Dartmoor National Park      4     （vote）the UKs favourite in 2016. There are plenty of breathtaking walks to choose from which will lead you      5     （discover）Dartmoors ancient and rugged（崎嶇的）charm！

In the South-West you will find plenty of attractive and often deserted      6    （beach）. Some examples include Whitesand Bay in Cornwall and Woolacombe beach in Devon. If you dont mind the      7    （slight）cooler temperatures than other beach destinations in Europe， you are in for a real treat！

Apart from being surrounded by      8    （beauty）nature， the South-West is full of urban gems（精华）. The city of Exeter in Devon has great centers， as well as lots of cafes      9     pubs. Cornwall has its own treasures too—pretty villages and towns such as St Ives and Mousehole line the coastline， and make for the perfect locations to spend those      10    （relax）summer afternoons！

（十）

（2019届云南一检）Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） has been around      1     thousands of years. It is said that there are three emperors      2     played a significant role in the history of TCM.

First， Fu Xi discovered the flow between heaven and earth which he reflected in the principles of Yin and Yang. Yin and Yang theory      3    （be）the concept of two opposite but complementary（互补）forces that shape all life. He also invented acupuncture（针灸）. Second， Shen Nong      4    （regard）as the founder of Chinese herbal medicine even today. In order to determine the nature of differen therbs， he tasted various kinds of     5    （plant），testing their individual effects. Third， Huang Di is associated with Huang Di Nei Jing， which is the      6        （early）and most important written record of TCM. It lays a foundation for the theories of Chinese medicine.

TCM has made a great      7    （contribute）to the health of Chinese people， and it has become an independent medical system in world medical field. Since      8     founding of the Peoples Republic of China， the Chinese government has attached great importance to TCM，      9    （make）policies to promote its development. TCM is now becoming      10    （wide）accepted in the world.

（十一）

（2019年河南省新乡市二模改编）There are two kinds of parents in modern America， says Alison Gopnik in her recent book， The Gardener and the Carpenter. The“carpenter”thinks that his or her child can      1    （shape）. The idea is that if you just do the right things， get the right skills and read the right books， youre going to have the ability      2    （turn）your child into a particular kind of adult. The“gardener”，on the other hand， is less concerned about controlling who the child will become，

3     provides a protected space for the child to explore.

Gopnik， a psychology and philosophy professor at the University of California， Berkeley， spent decades      4    （research）childrens development and found that parents often focus too much      5     their childrens future. The harm is that parents and their children may become      6    （anxiety）， tense or unhappy. These parents should really reflect on      7    （they）.

“Were so concerned about what these      8    （child）are going to be that were unwilling to give them the autonomy to take risks and explore      9    （world）”she says. Ironically， the     10    （little）parents worry about outcomes， the better their children may live in life.

答案与解析

高考真题回顾

2018年全国Ⅰ卷

本文是说明文，主要介绍了根据某医学杂志中的实际调查报告，跑步对人的健康和寿命的影响。

61. longer 由than可知要用比较级，跑步者较不跑步者多活三年。

62. to see 做目的状语用不定式。

63. dying 在介词后用名词或动名词做宾语，但此处有副词early修饰，所以只能用动名词dying。

64. is 调查报告陈述的事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。

65. than 由前面的more effective可知，是比较级，用than。

66. which /that先行词是a study，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词which或that。

67. causes 由前面的all可知用复数。

68. strengthen 表示目的的不定式，“to +动词原形”。

69. energetic 做表语要用形容词，表示“精力旺盛的，充满活力的”。

70. it 做间接宾语，做宾语用代词，代替前文的running，用it。当然直接填running也可以。

2017年全国Ⅰ卷

本文首先指出，最近食品服務行业出现了一种低脂肪低盐的趋势，而这种趋势对健康可能造成的负面影响，然后对影响的成因进行了分析。文章认为，脂肪和盐的摄取要足量，并非越少越好，当然摄取量不要太多。

61. as 表示“作为”一种方法。

62. effects 由空前的some和空后such as所举的两个例子可知，不止一种副作用，故effect用复数。

63. to process  由require sb to do sth可知，用不定式。

64. are removed  因fat and salt与remove是被动关系，即“被移除”;又由上下文谓语动词的时态可知，用一般现在时，且主语fat and salt为复数，故填are removed。

65. a  因as a result是固定短语。

66. worse  因even worse是惯用语，表示“更糟糕的是”。顺便提提，even常修饰比较级，表示“更加，还”。

67. is  主语是第三人称单数，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填is。

68. eating  在介词后做宾语要用名词或动名词，因其后有宾语more fast food，故用动名词。

69. careful  做表语要用形容词。

70. which  引导非限制性定语从句用which。

2016年全国I卷

本文作者讲叙自己作为成都熊猫基地的英国大使，造访熊猫基地的经历。

61. attraction  在“形容词性物主代词（its）+形容词（top）”后应填名词，attraction指“吸引人的事物”。

62. was allowed  因I与allow之间是被动关系，故用被动语态;又由前句So it was a great honour to ...中的was可知，用一般过去时的被动语态。

63. officially 修饰动词（be given），应用副词，表示“正式地”，即“熊猫大使称号被正式授予我”。

64. to  因go back to（追溯到）为固定搭配。

65. when 引导定语从句并在从句中做时间状语，先行词是days，故用when。

66. permitted  句中已有谓语was，故permit应作为非谓语动词;又因reporter与permit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词做后置定语。（事实上，先行词前有序数词修饰时，常用不定式做定语，所以也可填to be permitted。但阅卷场的负责人不认可，不给分）

67. introducing由include doing可知填introducing。

68. its 在名词前做定语，表示“a lively three-month-old twin的”妈妈，故用its。

69. days 空格前有few 修饰，故day用复数。

70. the 由one ... the other可知。

2015年全国I卷

本文作者首先介绍自己到达阳朔的情况，接着作者交替提到桂林和阳朔，最后重点介绍了阳朔作为旅游胜地在业界的认可和推介，已成为众多游客的选择。

61. arrived 由主句中的was和后一句中的didnt可知，这里用一般过去时态。

62. before / earlier由Id been at home的时态可知此处表示“几个小时前， 我待在香港的家里”，“待在家里”应该是发生在过去动作arrived之前， 故此处填before和earlier均可。

63. its因为smog是名词， 所以用it的形容词性物主代词，指“香港的”。

64. that/which根据句意“被艺术家们所描绘的山水”和句子结构可知此处是一个定语从句， 因为先行词是物，且关系代词在定语从句中做主语， 所以用that或which。

65. paintings由so many可知，用复数形式。

66. by表示“乘，坐”交通工具用by。by car， by bus， by plane等是习惯表达。

67. is根据后文的时态可知这里用一般现在时， 介绍客观情况， 又因为Yangshuo是第三人称单数， 所以用is。

68. conducted该句主干为A study of travelers names Yangshuo as one of the top ... 可知此处为非谓语动词， 又因study和conduct之间为被动关系， 所以用过去分词做定语。

69. regularly修饰动词arrange， 用副词。

70. living因本句谓语为arranges，所以空格处为非谓语动词;又因people与live之间为主动关系， 所以用现在分词做后置定语。

2014年全国I卷

凯霍加河的河水1969年还脏得可以着火，但通过几年治理，河水变得清澈，成为治理环境的最突出的例子之一。作者以此为例说明，看似不可能处理的情况其实也是可能的，只是一定要有耐心。

61. was 指1969年的情况，用一般过去时;上下句的时态也有提示作用。

62. actually 修饰谓语动词caught，做状语，用副词。

63. the 由most outstanding可知要填the构成最高级。

64. or 起并列作用，表示“或者”。

65. to reduce 是it takes time to do sth句型，不定式做真正的主语。

66. cleaner做表语，依然用形容词;由than可知，要用比较级。

67. that /which 引导定语从句并在从句中做主语，先行词是a habit，故用which或that。

68. amazing 在名词stories前做定语，要用形容词;由句意可知，需要填表示“惊人的”amazing。

69. changes 做主语或冠词后应当用名词，change除作动词外也可作名词;由紧接着的are可知，要用复数形式。

70. patient 在系动词be后做表語，要用形容词。

各市模拟题精选

（一）作者和孩子们在纽约中央公园遇见一只浣熊在找食物。令她们感到惊讶的是，浣熊找到食物后，先洗手和整理了胡须后，才开始享受自己的美餐。

1. pointing因句中已有谓语动中said了，point应为非谓语动词;又因my son与point是主动关系，故用现在分词形式做伴随状语。

2. tasty 修饰名词用形容词。

3. it 替代前文中的wrapped sandwich。

4. casually修饰动词went，应用副词。

5. where浣熊离我们坐的地方不到一米，与地点有关，故用where引导定语从句。

6. better由后面的“than any museum”可知，此处应用比较级。

7. to make浣熊朝我们看了一眼，其目的是確保我们不拿他的食物。

8. fingers浣熊的爪子不止一只，要用复数形式。

9. dipped作者描述的是几年前在公园中发生的事情，应用一般过去时。

10. for 表示“一会儿”应是for a moment。

（二）本文讲了亨特·亚当斯在医学院毕业后，开设了一家名为“The Gesundheit Institute”的医院，他认为病人需要的不仅仅是药物，而是可以做朋友的医生。

1. different修饰名词way，应用形容词。

2. flowers由前面的shirts可知此处应用复数形式。

3. like 因look like为固定搭配，意为“看起来像……”。

4. more 因more than意为“不仅仅/不止……而已”。句意：亚当斯相信，在医院的人需要的不仅仅是药物而已。

5. to help try后可跟不定式，也可跟动名词，此处表示“尽力做某事”，所以应跟不定式。try doing sth.意为“尝试做某事”，含有试试看的意味。

6. it 指代前句中的hospital。

7. communicating 在介词后用动名词。顺便提提，虽然也可用名词communication做宾语，但后有with sick people，所以只能用动名词communicating。

8. produced 由In 1998可知，应用一般过去时。

9. truly修饰形容词warm，应用副词。

10. who/that引导定语从句并在从句中做主语，先行词a doctor是人，故用who或that。

（三）生活并不完美，也不容易，所以我们需要从朋友、作家、博主、牧师或我们的内心精神中提醒我们，让我们重新关注重要的事情，让我们积极地生活。

1. assistants由one of可知要用复数形式。

2. to read因cant wait to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“迫不及待地做某事”。

3. astonished指“人”感到惊讶的，故用astonished。

4. a由句意可知，书中有“一张”纸条。

5. writing在介词后用动名词。

6. began文章讲的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。

7. matters句子的主语是表示单数概念的what，故谓语动词用单数。

8. that/which引导定语从句并在从句中做主语，先行词是things。

9. from表示“来自”朋友、作家、博主、牧师或我们的内心精神的提醒。

10. positively修饰动词live要用副词形式。

（四）在现代白瓷展上，四位中国艺术家手中的传统材料呈现出现代的面貌，他们给了白瓷一种现代风格，这正是展览的主题来源。

1. where先行词是place，引导定语从句并在从句中做地点状语，用where。

2. the最高级前用the。

3. traditional修饰名词material，应用形容词。

4. hands由four Chinese artists可知，要用复数形式。

5. is名词前有one of修饰，应用单数，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填is。

6. attentively修饰动词look要用副词形式。

7. built因句中已有谓语动词looks，所以build应为非谓语动词;又因boat与build是被动关系，可知用过去分词短语做后置定语，故填built。

8. what引导表语从句并在从句中做主语，用连接代词what。

9. to 因do some damage to ...（损害）是固定搭配。

10. their在名词前做定语，应用形容词性物主代词。

（五）本文主要介绍了围棋的由来及围棋告诉我们的人生哲理。

1. is recognized主语it与recognize是被动关系，要用被动语态;由后面的communicate可知，用一般现在时，故填is recognized。

2. used因句中已有谓语动词reflects， 所以use此处应为非谓语动词，又因metaphor与use是被动关系，加之有by的提示，可知用过去分词短语做后置定语，故填used。

3. themselves  因lose oneself in为固定搭配，意为“沉迷于”。

4. which引导非限制性定语从句用which。

5. directly修饰动词face要用副词形式。

6. an单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词;又因indirect以元音音素开头，故填an。

7. to 因be similar to为固定搭配，意为“类似于……”。

8. playing在介词后用动名词。

9. wisdom做动词seek的宾语应用名词。

10. enemies由they可知要用复数形式。

（六）本文主要讲了人工智能在娱乐领域的应用以及公司对人工智能的担忧。

1. has found由时间状语Since the beginning of the 21st century可知，用现在完成时。

2. companies名词前有one of修饰，要用复数形式。

3. where先行词是theme parks，表地点，用where做地点状语。

4. with 因communicate with为固定搭配。

5. greatly修饰形容词important要用副词形式。

6. how知道“如何”在人类的世界中表现。

7. knows 主语是第三人称单数，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填knows。

8. interesting表示事物是“有趣的”，应用interesting。

9. to make用不定式做目的状语。

10. impression做动词make的宾语应用名词。

（七）一种趋势正在席卷互联网，女士们正拿着A4打印纸，以显示她们的腰部有多么小。这一趋势令人担忧，因为它只专注于体重。心理学家们证明，自信不是来自一个人的外表或身材，而是来自于了解自己和发展自己的才能。

1. to show不定式做目的状语，故用to show。

2. which引导非限制性定语从句用which。

3. an 表示实现“一个”难以实现的目标。

4. stars从such as所举的例子，或者谓语动词are可知，主语用复数。

5. of因lack of sth为固定搭配，意为“缺乏某物”。

6. explains主语是第三人称单数，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填explains。

7. appearance做介词的宾语或在所有格后，要用名词。

8. yourself因know oneself意为“了解自己”。

9. spending动名词短语做主语。

10. brighter由than any hair， skin， or teeth可知要用比较级。

（八）本文分析了导致大学生经常无法得到充足睡眠的原因，并指出睡眠不足会导致生理和心理上的健康问题，而充足睡眠有助于提高学生的学习效率。

1. why引导定语从句，从句不缺任何成分，先行词是reasons，故用why。

2. freedom 做宾语用名词。

3. days与nights并列，也应用复数。

4. with表示“与某人共度时光”应用介词with。

5. an 表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词;又因assistant是元音音素开头，故填an。

6. were与seemed并列，用一般过去时;主语是复数，故填were。

7. caused因句中已有谓语动词needs， 所以cause此处应为非谓语动词，又因problems与cause是被动关系，加之有by的提示，可知用过去分词短语做后置定语，故填caused。

8. controlling 与前面的focusing为并列关系;根据“并列一致”可知，也应用-ing形式，故填controlling。

9. healthy此处stay为系动词，后接形容词做表语。

10. better由前面的more可知此处进行比较，故用比较级。

（九）本文主要介绍了英格兰西南部的旅游景点。

1. which引导非限制性定语从句，用which。

2. are主语regions是复数，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填are。

3. the由其后面的“sunniest”可知，这里是最高级，其前面通常用the。

4. was voted因Dartmoor National Park与vote是被动关系;再由时间状语in 2016可知，用一般过去时，故填was voted。

5. to discover因lead sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“引领某人做某事”。

6. beaches前有plenty of修饰，故要用复数形式。

7. slightly修饰形容词cooler应用副词。

8. beautiful修饰名词nature应用形容词。

9. and因cafes与pubs是并列关系，故填and。

10. relaxing令人放松的夏日午后，修饰的是事物，故用relaxing。

（十）本文主要讲了中药的由来及对人们的贡献。

1. for表示某个动词或状态延续了多久，用“for +时间段”。

2. who/that 引导定语从句并在从句中做主语，先行词是emperors。

3. is此处在陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填is。

4. is regarded因Shen Nong与regard是被动关系，故填is regarded。句意：神农氏至今仍被视为中草药的创始人。

5. plants前有various kinds of修饰，故用复数形式。

6. earliest跟most important并列，一起做record的定语。

7. contribution做动词made的宾语应用名词。

8. the特指中华人民共和国的成立。

9. making因句中已有謂语动中has attached了，make应为非谓语动词;又因the Chinese government与make是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。

10. widely修饰动词应用副词形式。

（十一）本文主要介绍了现代美国两种的父母的育儿方式。

1. be shaped因主语his or her child与谓语动词shape之间是被动关系，且位于情态动词后面，故应填be shaped。

2. to turn 因have the ability to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有能力做某事”。

3. which引导非限制性定语从句用which。

4. researching因spend ...（in）doing sth.为固定句型，意为“花费……做某事”。

5. on/upon因focus on/upon为固定搭配。

6. anxious与tense和unhappy并列，一起做become的表语。

7. themselves  因reflect on oneself表示“反思自己”。

8. children前有these修饰，应用复数形式。

9. the因world（世界）是独一无二的东西，前常加定冠词the。

10. less 此处为“the+比较级，the+比较级”句型。

责任编辑 蒋小青